Electron microscopic evidence for a double hair-like nap appearing at low frequency on Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1247-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kramer ◽  
Ivan L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Spore Coat ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Very Low Frequency

Electron microscopic examination of thin sections of Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores triply poststained with KMnO4, uranyl acetate, and lead citrate has indicated an unusual morphological variant. These spores are seen at very low frequency and have, in addition to the hair-like nap normally associated with the exosporium a second hairy layer which appears to originate in the spore coat complex.

scholarly journals Lymphocytic Vacuolation and Membranous Cytoplasmic Bodies in Rats Dosed with an Acridan

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Payne ◽  
T. G. Merrill ◽  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Cytoplasmic Bodies ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Vacuolated Lymphocytes

To facilitate study, a chemical of the acridan class was given to rats to increase the frequency of vacuolated lymphocytes. The chemical produced inanition and starvation, but this effect per se did not increase the vacuolation. In Wright-Giemsa-stained smears generally clear vacuoles up to 2 μm in diameter were the same as those that occur at a very low frequency in apparently normal animals and humans, in some chemical intoxications in animals, and in some natural diseases of humans. The use of several histochemical stains failed to further characterize the nature of the vacuoles. Samples were then processed for electron microscopic examination. By this procedure, the lymphocytes had membranous cytoplasmic bodies correlated with the presence of the vacuoles. The change appeared identical to light microscopic vacuoles and ultrastructural bodies described in chloroquine intoxication of rats and pigs and certain neurolipidoses of humans.

An Electron Microscopic Investigation of the Pathogenesis of Hemorrhage Induced by Rattlesnake Venom

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Charlotte L. Ownby ◽  
Robert A. Kainer ◽  
Anthony T. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Rattlesnake Venom ◽  
Diamondback Rattlesnake

One of the significant changes induced by the injection of rattlesnake (Crotalidae) venom is hemorrhage. Since crotaline antivenin does not prevent such local tissue damage, a more effective treatment of snakebite is needed. To aid in the development of such a treatment the pathogenesis of venom-induced hemorrhae was investigated.Swiss-Webster white mice were injected intramuscularly with Western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom. Two minutes after the injection, muscle tissue was obtained by bioosy from the thigh and fixed in 6% glutaraldehyde in Milloniq's phosphate buffer (DH 7.4, 2 hrs., 4°C). After post-fixation in 2% osmium tetroxide in Milloniq's phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 1hr., 4°C) the tissue was dehydrated routinely in ethanol and embedded in Epon 812. The thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate in methanol and lead citrate then observed with either a Zeiss EM 9A or an Hitachi HS-8 electron microscope.

Retrieval of Frozen Surgical Material for Electron Microscopic Examination

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
E. T. Hedley-Whyte ◽  
F. H. Gilles
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Flat Embedding ◽  
Rectal Biopsies ◽  
Cryostat Sections

During a study of frozen sections of rectal biopsies in neurologic disease of children we wished to examine particular neurons in the electron microscope. We therefore investigated the use of frozen surgical tissue for electron microscopic examination.Fresh tissue was frozen in liquid isopentane pre-cooled in dry ice and then stored at -80°C. 1-30 days later 16 - 20 μm cryostat sections were picked up on slides or coverslips previously coated with 10% gelatin and immersed in 5% cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde for 30 mins. to 1 hour at room temperature. The sections were rinsed in Sabatini's washing solution (3 times, 3 minutes each) and post-fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium (30 mins.). Dehydration in graded acetones and propylene oxide and infiltration with Epon-araldite were accomplished at room temperature. In-block staining was carried out in 1% uranyl acetate in 70% acetone for 1 hour. The slides were inverted over flat embedding molds filled with an Epon-araldite mixture and polymerised at 60°C.

Occurrence of virions in developing ovules and embryo sacs of barley in relation to the seed transmissibility of barley stripe mosaic virus

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (21) ◽  
pp. 2497-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Carroll ◽  
Dennis E. Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Seed Transmissibility ◽  
Spindle Microtubules

Electron microscopic examination revealed the occurrence of virions in thin sections of developing ovules and embryo sacs of Atlas barley infected with a seed-transmitted strain of barley stripe mosaic virus, MI-1. It appeared that the virus invaded the primaiy meristem early, then infected the megaspore mother cell. In later stages of ovule development, the virus was seen in megaspores and in the cells of the embryo sac, including the egg. Virions were commonly associated with wall, cytoplasmic, or spindle microtubules. By contrast, virions of the non-seed-transmitted strain of the virus (NSP) did not occur in developing ovules or embryo sacs. Ovule transmission was only demonstrated for MI-1.

Method for preparing thin sections of untreated equine hoof horn for electron microscopic examination

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Klaus-Dieter Budras ◽  
Christina Schiel ◽  
Christoph Karl Wolfgang Mülling ◽  
Bianca Patan
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Equine Hoof

Ultrastructural differences in the exosporium of the Sterne and Vollum strains of Bacillus anthracis

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1297-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kramer ◽  
Ivan L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Acetate Lead ◽  
Different Strains

Spores from three different strains of Bacillus anthracis were examined by electron microscopy for the presence of a hair-like nap previously reported to be present on the exosporium of spores of the Sterne strain (avirulent). In addition to that strain, the Vollum strain (virulent) and a rough, avimlent variant of the Vollum were utilized in the current studies.Spores were fixed with Kellenberger's standard OsO4 fixative and embedded in Maraglas. Thin sections were poststained with various combinations of the following: potassium permanganate, uranyl acetate, lead citrate. The nap on the exosporium of spores of the Sterne strain was revealed most clearly when thin sections were poststained with all of the aforementioned stains. Post-staining by a single application of any of the three reagents resulted in a nap that was barely perceptible.The surface of the exosporium of spores from the Vollum strain and the rough, avirulent variant was found to be quite different from that of the Sterne strain. On the two former, the surface layer is approximately one-third as thick as the layer of hairs in the nap on the latter.

scholarly journals AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF NUCLEAR ELIMINATION FROM THE LATE ERYTHROBLAST

1967 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehud Skutelsky ◽  
David Danon
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Narrow Passage ◽  
Rounded Form

The process of expulsion of the nucleus during the transformation of the late erythroblast to reticulocyte is described. Erythroid clones taken from the spleen of lethally irradiated mice transplanted with syngeneic bone marrow were used. 10–12-day old isolated clones were fixed in glutaraldehyde, then in osmium tetroxide. Ultra-thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and/or lead citrate before examination. Late (orthochromatic) erythroblasts develop pseudopod-like cytoplasmic protrusions into one of which the nucleus gradually penetrates, being deformed by the extrusion through the relatively narrow passage. During the whole process, mitochondria and vesicular and membranous elements are concentrated in the cytoplasm. Once outside the cell, the nucleus reassumes its rounded form. It is surrounded by a narrow rim of cytoplasm and structurally altered plasma membrane and is connected to the rest of the cell by a bridge. Elongated vacuoles appear within this bridge, with a resulting release of the enveloped nucleus which is soon phagocytized by macrophages; this leaves behind the newly formed reticulocyte. During this process, the cytoplasmic protrusions, the agglomeration of mitochondria, and the mode of separation of the nucleus from the rest of the cell are similar to those occurring in mitotic division.

Membranous alterations in the cytoplasm and nucleus in a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the brain

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 628-629
Author(s):  
C. N. Sun ◽  
C. Araoz ◽  
H. J. White
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Annulate Lamellae ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
The Brain

The ultrastructure of a cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumor has been reported previously. In the present case, we will present some unusual previously unreported membranous structures and alterations in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the tumor cells.Specimens were cut into small pieces about 1 mm3 and immediately fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer for two hours, then post-fixed in 1% buffered osmium tetroxide for one hour. After dehydration, tissues were embedded in Epon 812. Thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.In the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, we found paired cisternae (Fig. 1) and annulate lamellae (Fig. 2) noting that the annulate lamellae were sometimes associated with the outer nuclear envelope (Fig. 3). These membranous structures have been reported in other tumor cells. In our case, mitochondrial to nuclear envelope fusions were often noted (Fig. 4). Although this phenomenon was reported in an oncocytoma, their frequency in the present study is quite striking.

Properties of Isolated Mitochondria of Agaricus Bisporus: Their Relationship to Dormancy and the Germination of Spores

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
K. S. McCarty ◽  
R. F. Weave ◽  
L. Kemper ◽  
F. S. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ethidium Bromide ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Cytoplasmic Ribosomes

During the prodromal stages of sporulation in the Basidiomycete, Agaricus bisporus, mitochondria accumulate in the basidial cells, zygotes, in the gill tissues prior to entry of these mitochondria, together with two haploid nuclei and cytoplasmic ribosomes, into the exospores. The mitochondria contain prominent loci of DNA [Fig. 1]. A modified Kleinschmidt spread technique1 has been used to evaluate the DNA strands from purified whole mitochondria released by osmotic shock, mitochondrial DNA purified on CsCl gradients [density = 1.698 gms/cc], and DNA purified on ethidium bromide CsCl gradients. The DNA appeared as linear strands up to 25 u in length and circular forms 2.2-5.2 u in circumference. In specimens prepared by osmotic shock, many strands of DNA are apparently attached to membrane fragments [Fig. 2]. When mitochondria were ruptured in hypotonic sucrose and then fixed in glutaraldehyde, the ribosomes were released for electron microscopic examination.

Unusual Intranuclear Structures in Chick Sympathetic Neurons

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
E. B. Masurovsky ◽  
H. H. Benitez ◽  
M. R. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cns Neurons ◽  
Mammalian Cns

Recent light- and electron microscope studies concerned with the effects of D2O on the development of chick sympathetic ganglia in long-term, organized culture revealed the presence of rod-like fibrillar formations, and associated granulofibrillar bodies, in the nuclei of control and deuterated neurons. Similar fibrillar formations have been reported in the nuclei of certain mammalian CNS neurons; however, related granulofibrillar bodies have not been previously described. Both kinds of intranuclear structures are observed in cultures fixed either in veronal acetate-buffered 2%OsO4 (pH 7. 4), or in 3.5% glutaraldehyde followed by post-osmication. Thin sections from such Epon-embedded cultures were stained with ethanolic uranyl acetate and basic lead citrate for viewing in the electron microscope.

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