Fermentation of natural gas with a cyclone column fermenter

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1047-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Carbon Substrate ◽  
Cell Concentrations ◽  
Column Fermenter ◽  
Dry Cell

A mixed flora, capable of using natural gas as a carbon substrate, was derived from a laboratory sewage sludge. Fermentations in a cyclone column fermenter, on a 1:1 natural gas/air mixture, resulted in a doubling time of 4.6 h and production of 0.065 mg dry cell mass per square centimeter interfacial area per hour. Foaming problems limited cell concentrations to 6.1 g/l.

Quantitative Effects of Oxygen Supply on Mycelia Growth and Extracellular Polysaccharide of Ganoderma tsugae

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 975-978
Author(s):  
Nukrob Narkprasom ◽  
Tzou Chi Huang ◽  
Yuan Kuang Guu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dry Cell

The quantitative effects of oxygen supply in terms of shaking speed and medium volume on the production of mycelia and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) using Ganoderma tsugae in submerged fermentation were investigated. Mycelia growth required the proper shaking speed at 134 rpm for breaking a larger pellet into several smaller pellets. Furthermore, high level of medium volume for consumption of abundant nutrient is needed for maximum mycelia growth. For EPS, a high agitation is needed to promote a good mass transfer for achieving high product concentrations recovery. The appropriate medium volume was found to be 150.4 mL for aiding to produce a secondary metabolite by promoting the mass transfer of substrates. The dry cell mass (DCM)-EPS diagram of G. tsugae was created from the both production equations which this diagram is an useful tool for submerge fermentation industry for decision about to control the both productions.

scholarly journals Performance and Emissions Comparison between Biomethane and Natural Gas Fuel in Passenger Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 08019
Author(s):  
Fabio Cignini ◽  
Antonino Genovese ◽  
Fernando Ortenzi ◽  
Stefano Valentini ◽  
Alberto Caprioli
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Natural Gas Engine ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region

Bio-methane as fuel in a natural gas engine is a viable solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The present paper illustrates the results of the first set of measurements carried out in the BiomethER project (EULIFE). BiomethER aimed to design and build two innovative bio-methane production plants, located in Emilia Romagna region (Italy), fed by different feedstock: the first one with sewage sludge and the other with landfill waste. Biogas extracted by the anaerobic digester was cleaned and upgraded to biomethane for road vehicles application. To verify the compatibility of biomethane in conventional compressed natural gas engine (CNG) vehicles, three passenger cars have been tested with two gases: conventional natural gas and bio-methane coming by BiomethER sewage sludge plant. Test concerned dynamic performances and exhaust emissions and was operated on the chassis dynamometer facility, in ENEA Casaccia Research Centre. Preliminary results showed no appreciable deviation was noticeable for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions between the two fuels, acceleration and maximum power were almost the same for the three vehicles tested. The WTW evaluation of GHG emissions for the biomethane resulted in up to 79% lower in comparison with natural gas provided by the Italian pipeline.

104. PROLIFERATION ABILITY, TELOMERASE ACTIVITY AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PLURIPOTENT CELL LINES FROM IVF AND PARTHENOGENTIC PIG EMBRYOS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
T. A. L. Brevini ◽  
G. Pennarossa ◽  
L. Attanasio ◽  
B. Gasparrini ◽  
F. Gandolfi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Pluripotency Markers ◽  
Proliferation Ability ◽  
Receptor Beta

Porcine pluripotent ES cell lines are a promising tool for biotechnology, biomedical and developmental biology studies. However, no conclusive results have been obtained to derive genuine ES cells in the pig. Here we compare derivation efficiency of putative ES cells from IVF versus parthenogenetic pig embryos. We describe proliferation ability and doubling time, we study pluripotency markers and telomerase activity (TA) of the cell lines obtained. Pig oocytes were either fertilized in vitro or parthenogenetically activated. Blastocysts were subjected to immuno-surgery. Inner cell mass were plated and outgrowth expansion was monitored daily. Self renewal molecules were studied by RT-PCR and/or immunocytochemistry for up to 42 passages. TA was measured every five passages. The results obtained indicate that stable cell lines can be generated from IVF and parthenogenetic embryos. The latter appeared less resilient to immuno-surgery but demonstrated a higher ability to produce outgrowths. 77% of the parthenogenetic lines vs only 33% of the IVF ones expressed pluripotency markers and displayed high TA. Regardless to their origin, colonies showed a latency growth period in the 48 hours after plating, they grew exponentially between day 3 and 6 and then, proliferation rate was greatly reduced. Doubling time was estimated to be 31.5 hours. In both IVF and parthenogenetic cell lines, positivity for Oct-4, Nanog, Sox-2, Rex-1, SSEA-4, Alkaline phosphatase, TRA-1-81 and STAT3 was detected; no signal for LIF-Receptor beta and gp130 was shown. These results indicate that the main pluripotency network related molecules are expressed in the porcine species, while a classical LIF-Receptor beta- gp130-STAT3 activation pathway does not appear to be involved in the maintenance of self renewal. Finally, every cell lines expressed high TA, which was turned down once cells were induced to differentiate, indicating a physiologically normal control of TA in these cells.

Error in Measuring Dry Cell Mass with a Computerized Interference Microscope

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Levin ◽  
A. A. Kovalev ◽  
V. L. Minaev ◽  
K. A. Sukhorukov
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Interference Microscope ◽  
Dry Cell

scholarly journals Coordination between E. coli Cell Size and Cell Cycle Mediated by DnaA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Zhichao Zhang ◽  
Hualin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Replication Initiation ◽  
General Relationship ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Regulatory Processes

Sixty years ago, bacterial cell size was found as an exponential function of growth rate. Fifty years ago, a more general relationship was proposed, in which the cell mass was equal to the initiation mass multiplied by the ratio of the total time of the C and D periods to the doubling time. This relationship has recently been experimentally confirmed by perturbing doubling time, C period, D period or the initiation mass. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we developed a mechanistic and kinetic model to describe how the initiator protein DnaA mediates the initiation of DNA replication in E. coli. In the model, we introduced an initiation probability function involving competitive binding of DnaA-ATP (active) and DnaA-ADP (inactive) at replication origin to determine the initiation of replication. In addition, we considered RNAP availability, ppGpp inhibition, DnaA autorepression, DnaA titration by chromosomal sites, hydrolysis of DnaA-ATP along with DNA replication, reactivation of DnaA-ADP and established a kinetic description of these DnaA regulatory processes. We simulated DnaA kinetics and obtained a self-consistent cell size and a regular DnaA oscillation coordinated with the cell cycle at steady state. The relationship between the cell size obtained by the simulation and the growth rate, C period, D period or initiation mass reproduces the results of the experiment. This model also predicts how the number of DnaA and the initiation mass vary with the perturbation parameters (including those reflecting the mutation or interference of DnaA regulatory processes), which is comparable to experimental data. The results suggest that the regulatory mechanisms of DnaA level and activity are associated with the invariance of initiation mass and the cell size general relationship for matching frequencies of replication initiation and cell division. This study may provide clues for concerted control of cell size and cell cycle in synthetic biology.

Reactor-Scale Cultivation of the Hyperthermophilic MethanarchaeonMethanococcus jannaschii to High Cell Densities

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 5059-5065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswarup Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Eric F. Johnson ◽  
Ralph S. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Cell Yield ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Acidic Compounds ◽  
Dry Cell

ABSTRACT For the hyperthermophilic and barophilic methanarchaeonMethanococcus jannaschii, we have developed a medium and protocols for reactor-scale cultivation that improved the final cell yield per liter from ∼0.5 to ∼7.5 g of packed wet cells (∼1.8 g dry cell mass) under autotrophic growth conditions and to ∼8.5 g of packed wet cells (∼2 g dry cell mass) with yeast extract (2 g liter−1) and tryptone (2 g liter−1) as medium supplements. For growth in a sealed bottle it was necessary to add Se to the medium, and a level of 2 μM for added Se gave the highest final cell yield. In a reactor M. jannaschii grew without added Se in the medium; it is plausible that the cells received Se as a contaminant from the reactor vessel and the H2S supply. But, for the optimal performance of a reactor culture, an addition of Se to a final concentration of 50 to 100 μM was needed. Also, cell growth in a reactor culture was inhibited at much higher Se concentrations. These observations and the data from previous work with methanogen cell extracts (B. C. McBride and R. S. Wolfe, Biochemistry 10:4312–4317, 1971) suggested that from a continuously sparged reactor culture Se was lost in the exhaust gas as volatile selenides, and this loss raised the apparent required level of and tolerance for Se. In spite of having a proteinaceous cell wall,M. jannaschii withstood an impeller tip speed of 235.5 cms−1, which was optimal for achieving high cell density and also was the higher limit for the tolerated shear rate. The organism secreted one or more acidic compounds, which lowered pH in cultures without pH control; this secretion continued even after cessation of growth.

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF A MICROBIOLOGICAL GROWTH MEDIUM FORMULATED FROM CATFISH WASTE PEPTONE

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Beuchat
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Luxuriant Growth ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation ◽  
Dry Cell ◽  
Proximate Analyses

A water-soluble, heat-stable peptone was extracted-from enzymatically digested channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) heads and skins. Proximate analyses showed that the peptone was composed of 89.02% protein (Kjeldahl N × 6.25), 10.42% ash and 0.44% fat. The peptone contains all amino acids demonstrated to be present in concentrations of greater than 1.0% in six other commercially available microbiological peptones used for comparative purposes in the study. Total cell mass production on catfish and test peptone media by microorganisms representing 13 genera was measured. Catfish peptone supported luxuriant growth of the test organisms and an accumulative average of dry cell mass weights produced by the organisms revealed that the catfish peptone ranked third out of the seven peptones tested. This new peptone offers the clinical and industrial microbiologist a potentially valuable ingredient for formulation of growth and fermentation media.

Biotransformation of iminodiacetonitrile to iminodiacetic acid by Alcaligenes faecalis cells immobilized in ACA-membrane liquid-core capsules

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Feng Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Liu ◽  
Xin-Hong Zhang ◽  
Yu-Guo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
Iminodiacetic Acid ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Encapsulated Cells ◽  
Free Cells ◽  
Nitrilase Activity ◽  
Dry Cell

AbstractBiotransformation of iminodiacetonitrile (IDAN) to iminodiacetic acid (IDA) was investigated with a newly isolated Alcaligenes faecalis ZJUTBX11 strain showing nitrilase activity in the immobilized form. To reduce the mass transfer resistance and to increase the toleration ability of the microorganisms to the toxic substrate as well as to enhance their ability to be reused, encapsulation of the whole cells in alginate-chitosan-alginate (ACA) membrane liquid-core capsules was attempted in the present study. The optimal pH and temperature for nitrilase activity of encapsulated A. faecalis ZJUTBX11 cells were 7.5°C and 35°C, respectively, which is consistent with free cells. Based on the Michaelis-Menten model, kinetic parameters of the conversion reaction with IDAN as the substrate were: K m = (17.6 ± 0.3) mmol L−1 and V max = (97.6 ± 1.2) μmol min−1 g−1 of dry cell mass for encapsulated cells and (16.8 ± 0.4) mmol L−1 and (108.0 ± 2.7) μmol min−1 g−1 of dry cell mass for free cells, respectively. After being recycled ten times, the whole cells encapsulated in ACA capsules still retained 90 % of the initial nitrilase activity while only 35 % were retained by free cells. Lab scale production of IDA using encapsulated cells in a bubble column reactor and a packed bed reactor were performed respectively.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Acetobacter aceti from rotten papaya

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kowser ◽  
MG Aziz ◽  
MB Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Acetobacter Aceti ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The Media ◽  
Durham Tube ◽  
Successive Subculture ◽  
Dry Cell

The present study was concerned with the isolation and characterization of Acetobacter aceti from rotten papaya for vinegar production. The samples were inoculated in sterilized GYC standard media and then incubated at 30°C for 48 hours. Successive subculture was performed to screen out the strains. In Gram’s staining, the morphology of the isolated bacteria exhibited pink, small rod shaped single, pair and chain in arrangement, in the hanging drops technique, all the isolates revealed motile. Biochemical tests were performed by fermentation of five basic sugars by producing both acid and gas bubbles in Durham tube. All of the isolates were Indole, Voges-Proskauer (VP) and Oxidase negative, Methyl Red (MR) and Catalase positive. The growth rate of isolated strain was optimized by weighing dry cell and turbidity at 600 nm at different concentrations of dextrose (1%, 5% and 10%). Ten (10) percent dextrose solution showed rapid growth and higher cell mass than 5% and 1% solution respectively. Acidity of the media gradually increased from 0.102% to 2.18% from day 0 to day 7 and pH of the media decreased from 6.8 to 5.5 during the period. This protocol was successful for enriching Acetobacter aceti, which was essential for vinegar production.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(2): 299-306, December 2015

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