Oxidative phosphorylation and respiratory control in mitochondria from Aspergillus oryzae

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 975-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Watson ◽  
W. Paton ◽  
J. E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Yeast Mitochondria ◽  
Active Oxidation ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Ph Range

Mitochondria isolated from Aspergillus oryzae exhibited respiratory control with a range of substrates. Bovine serum albumin was required in the reaction medium to observe adenosine diphosphate (ADP) controlled respiration. The mitochondria carried out active oxidation and phosphorylation with citrate as substrate in the pH range 6–7 and showed a slight optimum for oxidative phosphorylation at pH 6.5. The respiratory properties of the isolated mitochondria were similar to those reported for A. niger and yeast mitochondria.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF MITOCHONDRIA AND CELL MORPHOLOGY IN THE NEONATAL SWINE HEPATOCYTE

1972 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Mersmann ◽  
J. Goodman ◽  
J. M. Houk ◽  
S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Gradient ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Coupling Parameters ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Mitochondrial preparations isolated from neonatal swine hepatocytes show a marked increase in oxidative and concomitant phosphorylative capacity between birth and 2 days postpartum. There are no changes in the coupling parameters (respiratory control ratio and adenosine diphosphate/O ratio) with age. Changes in sedimentation properties in a sucrose gradient suggest qualitative changes in the mitochondria. Some of the lipid measurements (increased phospholipid) might be interpreted as supportive of this suggestion, although most could also be regarded as indicative of quantitative changes (increased number of mitochondria). Electron microscopy of isolated mitochondria and of the hepatocyte demonstrated an increased number of mitochondria but no change in shape, size, or structure as the pig developed. An increase in a number of cytoplasmic components (Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum) and a decrease in glycogen were also observed. The functional changes in mitochondria seem to occur within a short period of time (6–12 hr postpartum).

Notizen: Isolation and Respiratory Assay of Earthworm Body Wall Mitochondria

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 853-855
Author(s):  
T. V. Rao ◽  
U. C. Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Enzyme ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Tissue Homogenates

Abstract Out of several media tested, KCl medium containing BSA was found to be most suitable for isolation of functionally efficient mitochondria from earthworms. Respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in isolated mitochondria are demonstrated in the presence of cytochrome c and BSA in reaction medium. Introduction - The details of the respiratory metabolism in earthworm are yet to be established. There are only a few contradictory reports on the nature of its respiratory enzyme components [1]. While, cytochrome oxidase, succinoxidase, succinate dehydrogenase were identified in earthworm tissue homogenates, the presence of Kreb′s cycle enzymes could not be demonstrated. Very little information is available on earthworm mitochondria except one report where it is isolated in 0.44 ᴍ mannitol [2]. Mitochondria from invertebrates like insects and crustaceans are isolated and characterized [3, 4]. But such methods cannot be extended to earthworms as it is known that conditions for isolation and assay of mitochondria are highly system specific [5].

An evaluation of the effects of five buffers on respiratory parameters of isolated mitochondria

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Stinson ◽  
Mary Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Control Respiration ◽  
Ethanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Ph Range

Certain compounds, recently introduced as buffers for biological work in the pH range 6–8, were evaluated by measurement of their effects on mitochondrial respiration. Respiratory control, respiration rate, ADP/O ratio, and the effect of added cytochrome c were measured on bean cotyledon mitochondria, after isolation and incubation of the mitochondria in one of five buffers: phosphate, Tris, Tricine (N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine), TES (N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), and HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N1-2-ethanesulfonic acid). In all parameters measured, except response to added cytochrome c, purified TES was found to be superior to all other buffers. HEPES was the best in prevention of leakage of cytochrome c from the mitochondria but in other respects was similar to Tricine. Phosphate buffer proved superior to Tricine only with respect to cytochrome c retention by the mitochondria. Tris was the poorest buffer in which to measure any of these parameters. Aging the mitochondria in the various buffers amplified the inadequacies of the buffers and served to show the superiority of purified TES.

OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION BY MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIA OF DYSTROPHIC MICE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1271-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Wrogemann ◽  
M. C. Blanchaer
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Isolation Procedure ◽  
Respiratory Control Ratio ◽  
Differential Centrifugation ◽  
Dystrophic Mice ◽  
Phosphorylation Rate

Oxidative phosphorylation was studied in mitochondria isolated from the skeletal muscle of control and dystrophic mice of the Jackson Laboratory strain 129/Re, aged 32–104 days. The isolation procedure included a preliminary incubation of the muscle minced in a medium containing a proteinase (Nagarse) followed by gentle homogenization and differential centrifugation. Polarographic estimations in the presence and absence of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) indicated that the rate of oxygen uptake, ADP/0 ratio, respiratory control ratio, and phosphorylation rate were not significantly different in the mitochondria isolated from control and dystrophic mice. Bovine serum albumin increased the ADP/0 and respiratory control ratios, but the values for the control and dystrophic preparations again did not differ significantly in the presence of albumin.

Isolated flagellar apparatus of Chlamydomonas: characterization of forward swimming and alteration of waveform and reversal of motion by calcium ions in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Hyams ◽  
G.G. Borisy
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Flagellar Apparatus ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Exogenous Calcium ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Relationship Of

The control of flagellar activity in the biflagellate green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was investigated by the in vitro reactivation of the isolated flagellar apparatus (the 2 flagella attached to their respective basal bodies plus accessory structures). The waveform and beat frequency of the isolated apparatus in the presence of 1 mM adenosine triphophate (ATP) were comparable to those recorded for living cells. Equimolar concentrations of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) could be substituted for ATP with little change in beat frequency and no apparent change in waveform, suggesting that the latter is converted to ATP by axonemal adenylate kinase. No reactivation occurred in adenosine monophosphate (AMP). But frequencies in cytidine, guanosine and uridine triphosphates (CTP, GTP and UTP) were approximately 10% that obtained in ATP. Reactivation was optimal over a broad pH range between pH 6.4 and pH 8.9 in both APT and ADP. Isolated flagellar apparatus could be induced to change from forward to reverse motion in vitro by manipulation of exogenous calcium ions. The 2 types of motion were directly comparable to recorded responses of living cells. Forward swimming occurred at levels of calcium below 10(−6)M, the isolated apparatus changing to backward motion above this level. Motility was inhibited at concentrations above 10(−3)M. The threshold for reversal of motion by calcium was lowered to 10(−7)M when the flagellar membranes were solubilized with detergent, indicating that the flagellar membranes are involved in the regulaion of the level of calcium within the axoneme. The reversal of motion by calcium was itself freely reversible. The relationship of these observations to the known tactic responses of Chlamydomonas is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Captopril on Serum Lipid Levels and Cardiac Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption in Experimentally-Induced Hypercholesterolemia in Rabbits

2011 ◽  
pp. S177-S184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. KOJIC ◽  
K. GOPCEVIC ◽  
D. MARINKOVIC ◽  
G. TASIC
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Serum Lipid Levels ◽  
Hypercholesterolemic Diet ◽  
Oxygen Ratio

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are widely used in therapy of cardiovascular diseases. However, the consensus on effects of these inhibitors in control of myocardial oxygen consumption during the process of experimental hypercholesterolemia and under the condition of endothelial dysfunction has not been reached. Here we examined effects of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on serum lipid levels and oxygen consumption rate in mitochondria isolated from heart of rabbits treated by hypercholesterolemic diet. During the twelve-week period, the Chinchilla male rabbits were daily treated by saline (controls); 1 % cholesterol diet; 5 mg/kg/day captopril or 1 % cholesterol + 5 mg/kg/day captopril. Total- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were measured spectrophotometricly. The left ventricle mitochondrial fraction was isolated and myocardial oxygen consumption was measured by Biological Oxygen Monitor. Mitochondria isolated from hearts of rabbits exposed to hypercholesterolemic diet showed significantly reduced respiration rates (state 3 and state 4) with altering adenosine diphosphate/oxygen ratio, whereas the respiratory control ratio was not affected when compared to controls. Mitochondria from cholesterol/captopril–treated animals showed significantly reduced respiration rates without altering adenosine diphosphate/oxygen ratio index or respiratory control ratio. Although captopril did not exert the favorable effect on serum lipid levels in cholesterol-treated animals, it restored the mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Further studies should be performed to define the underlying physiological and/or pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications.

scholarly journals Senescence-associated changes in respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in primary human fibroblasts

2004 ◽  
Vol 380 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline HUTTER ◽  
Kathrin RENNER ◽  
Gerald PFISTER ◽  
Petra STÖCKL ◽  
Pidder JANSEN-DÜRR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Replicative Senescence ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Human Diploid Fibroblasts

Limitation of lifespan in replicative senescence is related to oxidative stress, which is probably both the cause and consequence of impaired mitochondrial respiratory function. The respiration of senescent human diploid fibroblasts was analysed by highresolution respirometry. To rule out cell-cycle effects, proliferating and growth-arrested young fibroblasts were used as controls. Uncoupled respiration, as normalized to citrate synthase activity, remained unchanged, reflecting a constant capacity of the respiratory chain. Oligomycin-inhibited respiration, however, was significantly increased in mitochondria of senescent cells, indicating a lower coupling of electron transport with phosphorylation. In contrast, growth-arrested young fibroblasts exhibited a higher coupling state compared with proliferating controls. In intact cells, partial uncoupling may lead to either decreased oxidative ATP production or a compensatory increase in routine respiration. To distinguish between these alternatives, we subtracted oligomycin-inhibited respiration from routine respiration, which allowed us to determine the part of respiratory activity coupled with ATP production. Despite substantial differences in the respiratory control ratio, ranging from 4 to 11 in the different experimental groups, a fixed proportion of respiratory capacity was maintained for coupled oxidative phosphorylation in all the experimental groups. This finding indicates that the senescent cells fully compensate for increased proton leakage by enhanced electron-transport activity in the routine state. These results provide a new insight into age-associated defects in mitochondrial function and compensatory mechanisms in intact cells.

Mitochondrial respiratory control and early defects of oxidative phosphorylation in the failing human heart

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1729-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Lemieux ◽  
Severin Semsroth ◽  
Herwig Antretter ◽  
Daniel Höfer ◽  
Erich Gnaiger
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory

Oxidative phosphorylation in cardiac infarct. Effect of glucose-KCl-insulin solution

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmundo Calva ◽  
Adela Mujica ◽  
Abdo Bisteni ◽  
Demetrio Sodi-Pallares
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Insulin Solution ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Infarcted Tissue ◽  
Electrocardiographic Abnormalities

Myocardial infarction was produced in dogs by ligature of the anterior descending coronary artery. Sarcosomes were isolated from normal and infarcted tissue. Oxygen consumption was followed polarographically and adenosine triphosphate was measured as glucose 6-phosphate. One group of animals received a continuous infusion of glucose for 12 hr; another group received "polarizing solution" (glucose-KCl-insulin). Sarcosomes from the first had a low oxygen consumption, no respiratory control, and no oxidative phosphorylation. In contrast, the administration of glucose-KCl-insulin solution maintained practically within normal limits these functional aspects of the sarcosomes. The reversal of electrocardiographic abnormalities by the administration of the polarizing solution coincided with improvement of such biochemical functions. Anesthesia and surgical handling did not appear to modify the behavior of the sarcosomes.

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