Some patterns of B vitamin requirements among neritic marine bacteria

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Burkholder ◽  
Seymour Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphate ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Synthetic Seawater ◽  
Vitamin Requirements ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Pyrimidine Moiety ◽  
Seawater Medium

Twenty-four different patterns of single and multiple requirements for various B vitamins were demonstrated for 665 cultures of marine bacteria grown in a basal synthetic seawater medium enriched with phosphate, vitamin-free casamino acids, dextrose, and succinate. Among 114 thiamine-requiring isolates, 55 were unable to make the pyrimidine moiety, 19 required thiazole, 13 needed both thiazole and the pyrimidine moiety, while 27 organisms required thiamine or thiamine pyrophosphate for growth. Among 142 biotin requirers, 22 had to be supplied with biotin, 60 could use either biotin or biocytin, 54 were able to respond to either biotin, biocytin, or desthiobiotin. Only six cultures could not use biocytin, and required either biotin or desthiobiotin. Various responses of vitamin B12 requiring cultures indicated special types of specificity for cyanocobalamin and analogues of this vitamin. Computer-sorting at the 0.66 similarity coefficient breaking point arranged a group of 104 isolates into eight clusters. The isolates having biotin or thiamine requirements, single or in combination with other vitamin needs, appeared to be randomly scattered through the eight clusters.

scholarly journals Metabolic Flux in Both the Purine Mononucleotide and Histidine Biosynthetic Pathways Can Influence Synthesis of the Hydroxymethyl Pyrimidine Moiety of Thiamine in Salmonella enterica

2002 ◽  
Vol 184 (22) ◽  
pp. 6130-6137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shara Allen ◽  
Julie L. Zilles ◽  
Diana M. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Regulatory Pathway ◽  
Informational Suppressors ◽  
Pyrimidine Moiety ◽  
Molecular Genetic Characterization

ABSTRACT Together, the biosyntheses of histidine, purines, and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) contain examples of convergent, divergent, and regulatory pathway integration. Mutations in two purine biosynthetic genes (purI and purH) affect TPP biosynthesis due to flux through the purine and histidine pathways. The molecular genetic characterization of purI mutants and their respective pseudorevertants resulted in the conclusion that <1% of the wild-type activity of the PurI enzyme was sufficient for thiamine but not for purine synthesis. The respective pseudorevertants were found to be informational suppressors. In addition, it was shown that accumulation of the purine intermediate aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide inhibits thiamine synthesis, specifically affecting the conversion of aminoimidazole ribotide to hydroxymethyl pyrimidine.

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviva Fattal-Valevski
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
B Vitamin

Thiamine (vitamin B1) was the first B vitamin to have been identified. It serves as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in energy metabolism. The thiamine-dependent enzymes are important for the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and for the production of reducing substances used in oxidant stress defenses, as well as for the synthesis of pentoses used as nucleic acid precursors. Thiamine plays a central role in cerebral metabolism. Its deficiency results in dry beriberi, a peripheral neuropathy, wet beriberi, a cardiomyopathy with edema and lactic acidosis, and Wernicke—Korsakoff syndrome, whose manifestations consist of nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia evolving into confusion, retrograde amnesia, cognitive impairment, and confabulation. Patients on a strict thiamine-deficient diet display a state of severe depletion within 18 days. The most common cause of thiamine deficiency in affluent countries is either alcoholism or malnutrition in nonalcoholic patients. Treatment by thiamine supplementation is beneficial for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

B-COMPLEX VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION OF PIG RATIONS BASED ON BARLEY GROWN ON GREY WOODED SOILS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Owen ◽  
A. Reddon ◽  
F. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
B Vitamin

Ninety-two sows and two hundred and sixteen pigs were employed in four gestation-lactation and three growing-finishing experiments to determine the adequacy of barley grown on the Grey Wooded soils of the Peace River region in northwestern Canada, as a source of riboflavin, pantothenic and nicotinic acid in swine rations. Vitamin B12 was assessed as a dietary essential in the all-plant rations. In the gestation-lactation experiments sow gains during gestation were greater in the B-vitamin supplemented lot and a trend toward heavier weaning weights of pigs was evident. Vitamin supplementation increased the level of vitamin B12 in sow’s milk collected 1 week post-partum and of both riboflavin and pantothenic acid collected 1 week and 6 weeks post-partum. Nicotinic acid content of sows’ milk was unaffected by supplementation. There was a highly significant decrease in riboflavin level in both control and supplemented lots between 1 and 6 weeks following parturition. The decrease was greatest in the unsupplemented lot.B-vitamin supplementation did not affect growing period gains or pig carcass quality in the growing-finishing experiments. However, certain significant growth responses were noted in the finishing period.The data indicate that the basal rations employed contained adequate riboflavin, pantothenic and nicotinic acid to support normal gestation, lactation and growth in Yorkshire swine.

scholarly journals Associations between B vitamin and amino acid intake, MTHFR genotype, atherogenic indices, and homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Muzsik ◽  
Agata Chmurzynska
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Atherogenic Indices ◽  
Amino Acid Intake ◽  
B Vitamin

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that insufficiency of one-carbon metabolism may aggravate lipid metabolism disturbances. Lipid metabolism abnormalities and metabolic syndrome (MetS)—which is associated with abnormally high levels of triglycerides (TG) and low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)—often occur in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was thus to determine the relationships between amino acid and B vitamin intake, MTHFR genotype, lipid profile, and atherogenic indices in postmenopausal women.131 postmenopausal women were enrolled for the study. The mean macronutrient, amino acid, and B vitamin intake was evaluated using dietary records. Lipid profile and concentrations of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and B (ApoB) in serum were measured using the colorimetric method. The total homocysteine (tHcy) and glutathione (GSH) level in plasma were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. MTHFR genotype (rs1801133) was determined using a single tube TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. We calculated atherogenic indices, such as Castelli's risk index I and II (CRI-I and CRI-II), the atherogenic coefficient (AC), and the TG/HDL ratio.No association was found between MetS and tHcy or GSH concentrations. MTHFR genotype and folate intake also did not affect tHcy, GSH, lipid profile, or atherogenic indices. Subjects with tHcy levels over the median had lower total protein intake, lower animal protein/plant protein ratio, lower protein/carbohydrates ratio, and higher amino acid intake (methionine, lysine, arginine, glycine, and tryptophan) than did subjects with lower tHcy levels. Women who failed to meet their vitamin B12 intake needs had almost 40% higher levels of tHcy than women who did met those needs.MTHFR genotype, folate intake, and tHcy levels in plasma are not associated with lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women. tHcy levels may depend on the intake of vitamin B12, and of protein or particular amino acids.The project was financed by the National Science Centre, Poland (grant number 2015/17/N/NZ9/04133).

A MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY FOR BIOTIN IN SEAWATER

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Antia
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Microbiological Assay ◽  
Synthetic Seawater ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Seawater Medium

A method is described for the direct bioassay of biotin in seawater samples. The assay organism is an unidentified marine bacterium that shows a growth response, in enriched seawater medium, proportional to dissolved biotin concentration in the range 3–12 μμg/ml. The growth was measured turbidimetrically with a spectrophotometer. The effective assay range was extended successfully to higher biotin levels by making appropriate dilutions in synthetic seawater.

scholarly journals B Vitamin Requirements of Carp-IV

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1140-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinkichi OGINO ◽  
Nagahisa UKI ◽  
Takeshi WATANABE ◽  
Zenzo IIDA ◽  
Kazuo ANDO
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin Requirements ◽  
B Vitamin

scholarly journals An Unexpected Route to an Essential Cofactor:Escherichia coliRelies on Threonine for Thiamine Biosynthesis

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannell V. Bazurto ◽  
Kristen R. Farley ◽  
Diana M. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Metabolic Network ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphate ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Amidotransferase ◽  
Pyrimidine Moiety ◽  
Thiamine Biosynthesis

ABSTRACTMetabolism consists of biochemical reactions that are combined to generate a robust metabolic network that can respond to perturbations and also adapt to changing environmental conditions.Escherichia coliandSalmonella entericaare closely related enterobacteria that share metabolic components, pathway structures, and regulatory strategies. The synthesis of thiamine inS. entericahas been used to define a node of the metabolic network by analyzing alternative inputs to thiamine synthesis from diverse metabolic pathways. To assess the conservation of metabolic networks in organisms with highly conserved components, metabolic contributions to thiamine synthesis inE. coliwere investigated. Unexpectedly, we found that, unlikeS. enterica,E. colidoes not use the phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase (PurF) as the primary enzyme for synthesis of phosphoribosylamine (PRA).In fact, our data showed that up to 50% of the PRA used byE. colito make thiamine requires the activities of threonine dehydratase (IlvA) and anthranilate synthase component II (TrpD). Significantly, the IlvA- and TrpD-dependent pathway to PRA functions inS. entericaonly in the absence of a functionalreactiveintermediatedeaminase (RidA) enzyme, bringing into focus how these closely related bacteria have distinct metabolic networks.IMPORTANCEIn most bacteria, includingSalmonellastrains andEscherichia coli, synthesis of the pyrimidine moiety of the essential coenzyme, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), shares enzymes with the purine biosynthetic pathway. Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase, encoded by thepurFgene, generates phosphoribosylamine (PRA) and is considered the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of purines and the pyrimidine moiety of TPP. We show here that, unlikeSalmonella,E. colisynthesizes significant thiamine from PRA derived from threonine using enzymes from the isoleucine and tryptophan biosynthetic pathways. These data show that two closely related organisms can have distinct metabolic network structures despite having similar enzyme components, thus emphasizing caveats associated with predicting metabolic potential from genome content.

Homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B12 in relation to pre- and postnatal health aspects

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Obeid ◽  
Wolfgang Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Early Abortion

AbstractStudies linking hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) and B-vitamin deficiency to some health aspects in children have been accumulating. Low B-vitamin status inearly life, even as early as the time of conception, may endanger the potential for new life and may negatively influence the health of the offspring. Early abortion, pregnancy complications and poor pregnancy outcomes have been linked to elevated concentrations of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and low folate or vitamin B

scholarly journals The Melaminophenyl Arsenicals Melarsoprol and Melarsen Oxide Interfere with Thiamine Metabolism in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 3268-3271 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ernst Schweingruber
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pyrimidine Moiety ◽  
Thiamine Analogues

ABSTRACT The melaminophenyl arsenical melarsoprol is the main drug used against late-stage sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei subspecies. Its active metabolite in the human body is melarsen oxide. Here, it is shown that this metabolite inhibits growth of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and that its toxicity can be abolished efficiently by thiamine (vitamin B1), thiamine analogues, and the pyrimidine moiety of the thiamine molecule. Uptake of melarsen oxide is mediated by a membrane protein (car1p), which is involved in the uptake of thiamine and its pyrimidine moiety. Melarsoprol is taken up by cells in a thiamine- and car1p-dependent manner but is not toxic to cells.

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