ESCHERICHIA COLI DIE-OUT FROM NORMAL SOIL AS RELATED TO NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND THE INDIGENOUS MICROFLORA

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1461-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Klein ◽  
L. E. Casida Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Amended Soil

Addition of a small portion of autoclaved soil to normal soil provided some degree of protection against die-out for Escherichia coli cells also introduced into this soil. This protection was associated with organic carbon (glucose) availability, but not with nitrogen (ammonium nitrate) availability. An E. coli population was stabilized, at least temporarily, in soil by glucose feeding, and the protective effect of glucose was temperature dependent. Indigenous micro-organisms also multiplied in the glucose-amended soil, and, therefore, colonizing space and microbial production of compounds toxic to E. coli were not considered to be major controlling factors in E. coli die-out in soil. E. coli cells recovered after residence in this soil demonstrated an initial decreased growth rate which was less pronounced in cells recovered from glucose-amended soil and which disappeared for both cell types on subculture. It was concluded that a major factor in E. coli die-out from natural soil is its inability to step down its metabolic rate to meet the low availability of usable organic carbon in soil.

The HiPIP from the acidophilic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is correctly processed and translocated in Escherichia coli, in spite of the periplasm pH difference between these two micro-organisms

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 1421-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Bruscella ◽  
Laure Cassagnaud ◽  
Jeanine Ratouchniak ◽  
Gaël Brasseur ◽  
Elisabeth Lojou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Iron Sulfur Cluster ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Iron Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Protein ◽  
Tat System ◽  
Micro Organisms

The gene encoding a putative high-potential iron–sulfur protein (HiPIP) from the strictly acidophilic and chemolithoautotrophic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 33020 has been cloned and sequenced. This potential HiPIP was overproduced in the periplasm of the neutrophile and heterotroph Escherichia coli. As shown by optical and EPR spectra and by electrochemical studies, the recombinant protein has all the biochemical properties of a HiPIP, indicating that the iron–sulfur cluster was correctly inserted. Translocation of this protein in the periplasm of E. coli was not detected in a ΔtatC mutant, indicating that it is dependent on the Tat system. The genetic organization of the iro locus in strains ATCC 23270 and ATCC 33020 is different from that found in strains Fe-1 and BRGM. Indeed, in A. ferrooxidans ATCC 33020 and ATCC 23270 (the type strain), iro was not located downstream from purA but was instead downstream from petC2, encoding cytochrome c 1 from the second A. ferrooxidans cytochrome bc 1 complex. These findings underline the genotypic heterogeneity within the A. ferrooxidans species. The results suggest that Iro transfers electrons from a cytochrome bc 1 complex to a terminal oxidase, as proposed for the HiPIP in photosynthetic bacteria.

scholarly journals Determination of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin susceptibility among urinary Escherichia coli isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3274
Author(s):  
Rachana Kanaujia ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Malay Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections. For treatment of UTIs, there are limited antibiotics due to increased resistance among uropathogens. Two older antibiotics; Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin have become novel oral therapeutic options against uropathogens. Aim of the study was to identify UTI causing micro-organisms and evaluate in-vitro activity of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin against most common isolated organism (E. coli).Methods: Results of urine samples culture and susceptibility testing over a period of 1 year were analysed and included in this study.Results: Micro-organisms were isolated from 568 urine samples. Most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli (40.50%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (20.07%) and Staphylococcus spp. (17.07%). Susceptibility of E. coli to nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin was 91.74% and 65.65% respectively. Conclusion: Good activity of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin against E. coli indicates that these two drugs are potential therapeutic alternatives for urinary tract infections.

The study of diagnostic techniques for the sources of Escherichia coli at Ta-An Beach

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Hoei-Yuan Hwang ◽  
Hung-Yuan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Contamination Source ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Land Drainage ◽  
Molecular Biotechnology ◽  
Central Taiwan ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Beach Water Quality

Ta-an Beach in Taichung County, central Taiwan, was found to have exceeded 1,000 CFU/100 ml, 51% of the total monitoring records. It is difficult to identify the contamination source using traditional Escherichia coli and Enterococci analysis. Therefore, a more advanced method known as molecular biotechnology is adopted in this study to diagnose the sources of E. coli at Ta-An Beach. After comparing several different groups of micro-organisms in water samples, we know that there are E. coli and Bacillus. This shows that the beach water quality is indeed affected by contamination from land drainage, and the numbers of E. coli and non-E. coli coliform in land drainage is far greater than that normally found at the beach. The analytical methods and techniques used in this study were not significantly different from the results detected using standard data analysis. The proposed method has high stability and reliability, providing ways to track and identify future of contamination.

Evidence that tropical soil environment can support the growth of Escherichia coli

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N Byappanahalli ◽  
R. S. Fujioka
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Bacteria

Concentrations of faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in environmental waters have historically been used to establish recreational water quality standards. When these bacteria are used as indices of water quality, it is assumed that there are no significant environmental sources of these bacteria which are unrelated to direct faecal contamination. However, we have previously reported that in tropical island environments such as in Hawaii, these faecal indicators are consistently found at high concentrations in all streams and the source of these faecal bacteria is the soil. To become so well established in soil we hypothesized that these faecal bacteria must have the ability to multiply in the natural soil environment at ambient temperature (23–25°C). Three lines of evidence support this hypothesis: (1) E. coli was shown to grow on 10% soil extract agar, (2) populations of faecal coliforms and E. coli from sewage were shown to immediately increase by about three logs when simple nutrients (glucose and salts) were added to natural soil and (3) faecal coliforms and E. coli increased by two logs within 24 h when a minimal amount of sewage was added to cobalt-irradiated soil. These results indicate that tropical soil environments provide sufficient means to support the growth of faecal coliforms and E. coli. However, under natural soil conditions, indigenous soil microorganisms are much more efficient in obtaining nutrients and we hypothesize that faecal bacteria grow sporadically in response to available nutrients.

scholarly journals Variability of Escherichia coli O157 Strain Survival in Manure-Amended Soil in Relation to Strain Origin, Virulence Profile, and Carbon Nutrition Profile

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (22) ◽  
pp. 8088-8096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco Franz ◽  
Angela H. A. M. van Hoek ◽  
El Bouw ◽  
Henk J. M. Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
O157 Strain ◽  
Phenotypic Marker ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amended Soil

ABSTRACTThe variation in manure-amended soil survival capability among 18Escherichia coliO157 strains (8 animal, 1 food, and 9 human isolates) was studied using a single sandy soil sample and a single sample of cattle manure as the inoculum carrier. The virulence profiles ofE. coliO157 strains were characterized by detection of virulence determinants (73 genes, 122 probes in duplicate) by using the IdentibacE. coligenotyping DNA miniaturized microarray. Metabolic profiling was done by subjecting all strains to the Biolog phenotypic carbon microarray. Survival times (calculated as days needed to reach the detection limit using the Weibull model) ranged from 47 to 266 days (median, 120 days). Survival time was significantly higher for the group of human isolates (median, 211 days; minimum [min.], 71; maximum [max.], 266) compared to the group of animal isolates (median, 70 days; min., 47; max., 249) (P= 0.025). Although clustering of human versus animal strains was observed based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, no relation between survival time and the presence of virulence genes was observed. Principal component analysis on the metabolic profiling data revealed distinct clustering of short- and long-surviving strains. The oxidization rate of propionic acid, α-ketobutyric acid, and α-hydroxybutyric acid was significantly higher for the long-surviving strains than for the short-surviving strains. The oxidative capacity ofE. coliO157 strains may be regarded as a phenotypic marker for enhanced survival in manure-amended soil. The large variation observed in survival is of importance for risk assessment models.

scholarly journals Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Manure-Amended Soil

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 2605-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuping Jiang ◽  
Jennie Morgan ◽  
Michael P. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions ◽  
Amended Soil

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells survived for up to 77, >226, and 231 days in manure-amended autoclaved soil held at 5, 15, and 21°C, respectively. Pathogen populations declined more rapidly in manure-amended unautoclaved soil under the same conditions, likely due to antagonistic interactions with indigenous soil microorganisms. E. coli O157:H7 cells were inactivated more rapidly in both autoclaved and unautoclaved soils amended with manure at a ratio of 1 part manure to 10 parts soil at 15 and 21°C than in soil samples containing dilute amounts of manure. The manure-to-soil ratio, soil temperature, and indigenous microorganisms of the soil appear to be contributory factors to the pathogen's survival in manure-amended soil.

scholarly journals Isolation, characterization and prevention of various microbial strains in NIC unit and PIC unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amin Mir ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Ashraf ◽  
Vibha Tripathi ◽  
Bilal Ahmad Mir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Micro Organisms

AbstractThe health of the hospital associated persons, particularly those dealing directly with insertion of devices, are serious cause of concern for hospitals. In this study, the most prevalent organism on the surface of medical devices in PICU were CoNS (16.66%) and Staphylococcus aureus (16.66%), while in NICU the most prevalent organism was Klebsiella spp. (11.25%) among Entero-bacteriaceae group followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (10%), Escherichia coli (2.5%), CoNS (6.25%), S. aureus (6.25%) and Enterococcus faecalis (6.25%). The most common species identified from blood specimen of clinical samples shows the maximum presence of Candida sp. (60/135) followed by A. baumannii (21/135), Klebsiella Pneumoniae (20/135), Enterococci (12/135), Burkholderia cepacia complex (8/135), S. aureus (6/135), E. coli (5/135), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3/135). Different antibiotics have been used against these micro-organisms; but Cotrimoxazole, Vancomycin have been found more effective against CoNS bacteria, Clindamycin, Tetracycline for S. aureus, Nitofurantoin for Acinetobacter, and for E. faecalis, A. baumanii, and Klebsiella, erythromycin, Colistin, and Ceftriaxone have been found more effective respectively.

Heterologous expression of the surface-layer-like protein SllB induces the formation of long filaments of Escherichia coli consisting of protein-stabilized outer membrane

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 3584-3595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Linda Lederer ◽  
Tobias Jan Günther ◽  
Katrin Flemming ◽  
Johannes Raff ◽  
Karim Fahmy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Foreign Protein ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Micro Organisms

Escherichia coli is one of the best studied micro-organisms and is the most widely used host in genetic engineering. The Gram-negative single cells are rod-shaped, and filaments are usually not found. Here, we describe the reproducible formation of elongated E. coli cells. During heterologous expression of the silent surface (S)-layer protein gene sllB from Lysinibacillus sphaericus JG-A12 in E. coli BL21(DE3), the cells were arranged as long chains which were surrounded by highly stable sheaths. These filaments had a length of >100 μm. In the stationary growth phase, microscopic analyses demonstrated the formation of unusually long transparent tube-like structures which were enclosing separate single cells. The tube-like structures were isolated and analysed by SDS-PAGE, infrared-spectroscopy and different microscopic methods in order to identify their unusual composition and structure. The tube-like structures were found to be like outer membranes, containing high levels of proteins and to which the recombinant S-layer proteins were attached. Despite the entire structure being indicative of a disordered cell division, the bacterial cells were highly viable and stable. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the induction of drastic morphological changes in E. coli by the expression of a foreign protein has been reported.

scholarly journals WrbA from Escherichia coli and Archaeoglobus fulgidus Is an NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (10) ◽  
pp. 3498-3506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric V. Patridge ◽  
James G. Ferry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Archaeoglobus Fulgidus ◽  
Flavin Mononucleotide ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Optimum Growth Temperature ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Domains Of Life

ABSTRACT WrbA (tryptophan [W] repressor-binding protein) was discovered in Escherichia coli, where it was proposed to play a role in regulation of the tryptophan operon; however, this has been put in question, leaving the function unknown. Here we report a phylogenetic analysis of 30 sequences which indicated that WrbA is the prototype of a distinct family of flavoproteins which exists in a diversity of cell types across all three domains of life and includes documented NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductases (NQOs) from the Fungi and Viridiplantae kingdoms. Biochemical characterization of the prototypic WrbA protein from E. coli and WrbA from Archaeoglobus fulgidus, a hyperthermophilic species from the Archaea domain, shows that these enzymes have NQO activity, suggesting that this activity is a defining characteristic of the WrbA family that we designate a new type of NQO (type IV). For E. coli WrbA, the Km NADH was 14 ± 0.43 μM and the Km benzoquinone was 5.8 ± 0.12 μM. For A. fulgidus WrbA, the Km NADH was 19 ± 1.7 μM and the Km benzoquinone was 37 ± 3.6 μM. Both enzymes were found to be homodimeric by gel filtration chromatography and homotetrameric by dynamic light scattering and to contain one flavin mononucleotide molecule per monomer. The NQO activity of each enzyme is retained over a broad pH range, and apparent initial velocities indicate that maximal activities are comparable to the optimum growth temperature for the respective organisms. The results are discussed and implicate WrbA in the two-electron reduction of quinones, protecting against oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Enterotoxigenic enteric bacteria in foods and outbreaks of food-borne diseases in Sweden

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-L. Danielsson ◽  
R. Möllby ◽  
H. Brag ◽  
N. Hansson ◽  
P. Jonsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Suckling Mouse ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Micro Organisms

SUMMARYAll of 86 foods routinely examined for potentially pathogenic enteric bacteria were found to harbour one or more coliform species. None of the strains isolated produced heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) or showed invasive properties. The suckling mouse test indicated that one strain ofEscherichia coliproduced heat-stable enterotoxin (ST). Twelve incidents of suspected food poisoning were also investigated. In two of them the foods examined contained LT-producing strains ofE. coliand in two there were LT-producing strains ofKlebsiella pneumoniae. The counts of viable enterotoxigenic micro-organisms in these foods were 3000–30 000E. coli/g and 50 000 to 1 millionK. pneumoniae/g. The dominant symptom in all the incidents was watery diarrhoea. These seem to be the first reported cases of foodborne enterotoxigenic enteric bacteria in Europe. Though enterotoxigenicE. coliand related gram-negative enterotoxin-producing species are rare in correctly handled food in Sweden, these micro-organisms should be searched for when outbreaks of food poisoning are investigated.

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