FACTORS AFFECTING THE GROWTH OF MYCOBACTERIUM MARINUM

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Newton Trentham ◽  
Ilda McVeigh
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Mycobacterium Marinum ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Higher Temperature

The two strains of Mycobacterium marinum Aronson (Mycobacterium balnei Nordén) investigated were able to grow in a CO2-enriched atmosphere (5 and 10% CO2) in media in which they failed to grow or grew poorly when incubated in air. One strain grew better at 37 °C in cultures incubated in a CO2-enriched atmosphere than it did in cultures incubated at 30 °C either in air or in the CO2-enriched atmosphere. The growth of the second strain was stimulated markedly by CO2 during incubation at 30 °C, and it was able to grow at 37 °C when supplied with additional CO2, although not as well as at 30 °C. Glutamic acid was the best single source of nitrogen for the growth of each strain, but one strain grew almost as well with asparagine. Oleic acid exerted inhibitory effects on the growth of each strain in a synthetic medium at 37 °C, whereas it produced a slight stimulatory effect on their growth at 30 °C. Tween 80 inhibited the growth of each strain in the synthetic medium at both 30 and 37 °C, but the degree of inhibition was greater at the higher temperature. Methods for obtaining uniform suspensions of the cells are described.

DEGRADATION OF RUTIN BY ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS. FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTION OF THE ENZYME SYSTEM

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. S. Westlake ◽  
F. J. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Higher Temperature

A synthetic medium containing 0.4% rutin, 0.3% (NH4)2HPO4, 0.1% KH2PO4, 0.1% MgCl2∙6H2O, and 0.8% (NH4)2SO4was developed for the production of the extracellular enzyme system that degrades rutin. The total amount of the enzyme system produced is approximately the same between 25 and 35 °C but the rate is more rapid at the higher temperature. Aeration is necessary both for synthesis and for excretion into the medium, excretion apparently being more sensitive than synthesis. Magnesium is required for growth and sulphate for release of the enzyme system into the medium. Calcium carbonate depresses both growth and production. The medium has been successfully employed for production in 5-gallon fermentors of the extracellular enzymes that degrade rutin.

Factors affecting perfusion distribution in canine oleic acid pulmonary edema

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1498-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ali ◽  
L. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Left Lower Lobe ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting

Factors affecting perfusion distribution in oleic acid pulmonary edema were examined in 28 anesthetized open-chest dogs. Sixteen had unilobar oleic acid edema produced by left lower lobe pulmonary artery infusion of 0.03 ml/kg of oleic acid, and 12 had the same amount of edema produced by left lower lobe endobronchial instillation of hypotonic plasma. Lobar perfusion (determined from flow probes) and lobar shunt (determined from mixed venous and lobar venous blood) were measured at base line, 1.5 h after edema, and 10 min after 10 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Fourteen dogs (8 oleic acid, 6 plasma) received sodium nitroprusside (11.72 +/- 7.10 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1). Total and lobar shunts increased to the same extent in all animals. Lobar perfusion decreased by 49.8 +/- 4.8% without nitroprusside and 34.0 +/- 3.6% with nitroprusside in the oleic acid group, corresponding values being 40.3 +/- 0.8% and 26.4 +/- 1.7% in the hypotonic plasma group. PEEP returned perfusion and shunt to base line. In oleic acid edema, most of the decreased perfusion results from mechanical effects of the edema, a smaller fraction results from other vascular effects of the oleic acid, and approximately 30% is reversible by nitroprusside. PEEP normalizes the perfusion distribution.

EFFECTS OF HYPOGLYCIN A ON THE METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS BY LIVER SLICES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Patrick ◽  
L. C. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Liver Slices

The effects of hypoglycin A on the metabolism of L-leucine-C14, L-alanine-C14, and L-glutamic-acid-C14 by rat liver slices have been investigated. Hypoglycin exerted markedly inhibitory effects on the conversion of leucine-C14 to fatty acid, cholesterol, and CO2. Conversion of alanine-C14 and glutamic acid-C14 to fatty acids was also inhibited by hypoglycin. No effects of hypoglycin on the conversion of C14-amino acids into protein or glycogen were demonstrated.

scholarly journals ENHANCED ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF STREPTOMYCES GRISEOPLANUS L-ASPARGINASE VIA ITS INCORPORATION IN AN OIL-BASED NANOCARRIER

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
ABEER A. EL-HADI ◽  
HANAN MOSTAFA AHMED ◽  
RANIA A. ZAKI ◽  
AMIRA MOHAMED MOHSEN
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Ph Range

Objective: L-asparaginase (L-asp) is a vital enzyme used as a therapeutic agent in combination with other drugs in the treatment of acute lymphoma, melanosarcoma and lymphocytic leukemia. Immobilization of enzymes through loading on nanoemulsion (NE) results in some advantages such as enhancing their stability and increasing their resistance to proteases. Aim of the present study is to formulate L-asp loaded nanoemulsion to enhance its efficiency and thermal stability. Methods: Nanoemulsion loaded with L-asp crude extract (specific activity 13.23U/mg protein) was prepared employing oleic acid as oil, tween 20/tween 80 as surfactants and propylene glycol (PG) as co-surfactant. L-asp loaded NE underwent several thermodynamic stability studies and the optimized formulae were further examined for their biochemical properties and thermal stability. Results The developed formulations were spherical in shape and their sizes were in the nanometric dimensions with negatively charged zeta potential values. Upon comparing the enzyme activity of L-asp loaded NE employing tween 20 (F1) or tween80 (F4) at different concentrations, the results revealed that F4 NE showed higher enzymatic activity [323 U/ml] compared to F1 NE [197 U/ml] at the same concentration. The nanosized immobilized L-asp was more stable in the pH range from 8 to 8.5 as compared to free L-asp. The immobilized enzyme preserved about 59.11% of its residual activity at 50 °C; while free L-asp preserved about 33.84%. Conclusion: In the view of these results, NE composed of oleic acid, tween 80 and PG represents a promising dosage form for enhancing the activity and stability of Streptomyces griseoplanus L-asp.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Capacity of Proteins and Hydrolysates from the Liver of Newborn Piglets, and Their Inhibitory Effects on Steatosis in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruilin Zhang ◽  
Lasheng Yin ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Xuewu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Hepatic Disorder ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Lipid Lowering Effect

Research background. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is a potentially progressive hepatic disorder that can lead to end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. The inhibitory effects of proteins and hydrolysates from the liver of newborn piglets on hepatic steatosis in oleic-acid-induced HepG2 cells were investigated in vitro. Experimental approach. The extracted proteins from the liver of newborn piglets (NPLP) were hydrolysed with papain, pepsin, trypsin and Alcalase. Based on comparison of different enzyme digestion condition, a protein hydrolysis protocol was established to obtain hydrolysates with lipid-lowering effect. Results and conclusions. NPLH-trypsin (trypsin-digested NPLP hydrolysate) exhibited strong antioxidant activity and possessed good inhibitory effects on lipogenesis and cholesterol accumulation in HepG2 cells at 150 μg/mL, with a triglyceride decrease of (43±3) % and cholesterol decrease of (31±5) %, comparing with 0.75 mM oleic acid induced model. The addition of NPLH-trypsin (300 μg/mL) decreased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and increased superoxide dismutase activity. Novelty and scientific contribution. This study demonstrated that NPLH-trypsin have a potential preventive effect on NAFLD in its early stage, and NPLH-trypsin has potential use as the modulator of lipid overaccumulation disease in food supplements.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE COLD SURVIVAL OF WINTER CEREALS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. GUSTA ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Thawing And Freezing Cycles

Several parameters affecting cold tolerance of winter cereals in artificial freeze tests were examined. Supercooling followed by freezing resulted in death occurring at a higher temperature than when freezing was initiated just below 0 C. The cold tolerance of fully acclimated crowns of winter wheat and a winter rye were reduced an average of 5 C after two thawing and freezing cycles. The duration of freezing in artificial freeze tests has a significant effect on the LD50 of winter cereals. Rapid thawing (2–4 C/min) resulted in death occurring at a higher temperature than slow thawing (0.5–2 C/h).

Effect of Tween 80 and oleic acid on ligninase production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium INA-12

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Asther ◽  
Georges Corrieu ◽  
Roger Drapron ◽  
Etienne Odier
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Tween 80

Solubility Studies and Validation of Lovastatin using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method

2021 ◽  
pp. 6285-6288
Author(s):  
Nurhabibah Nurhabibah ◽  
A.K. Nugroho ◽  
Ronny Martien ◽  
Endang Lukitaningsih
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Solubility Studies ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method

This study aimed to determine the solubility of lovastatin (LV) in different oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant using the high-performance liquid chromatography method. LV was solubility studies in different vehicle. The different vehicle used almond oil, sunflower oil, oleic acid, olive oil, soybean oil, and corn oil, isoprophyl myristate, myoglyol, tween 80, tween 20, and cremophor R.H. 40, propylene glycol, and PEG 400. Each of them was added lovastatin until saturated. The mixtures were mixing, sonicating, putting in the water bath and standing for 24 hours, then centrifugated. Each of the aliquot 2 µL diluted with acetonitrile and determination of concentration lovastatin using HPLC, with detector ultraviolet at 237 nm. Before determinate LV validated, and curve calibration at range 2-16 µg/mL was made. This study using the HPLC method with detector UV 237 nm, Agilent C 18 (4.6 x 150 mm 5 µ) column, and acetonitrile: water (70:30 v/v) as mobile phase. Calibration curve of lovastatin at the range 2-16 µg/mL with linear regression 0.999. Accuracy and precision showed that. Lovastatin has high soluble in oleic acid, tween 80, and PEG 400.

A MINIMAL SYNTHETIC MEDIUM SUPPORTING GROWTH OF A MICROCOCCUS SPECIES

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Inorganic Sulphur ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Nutritional requirements of a Micrococcus species (M. freudenreichii, A.T.C.C. No. 407) were studied. The organism required glutamic acid, thiamine, biotin, magnesium, iron, and potassium for growth. Cells from such a synthetic medium were shown to contain methionine indicating that inorganic sulphur was used. Glutamic acid could not be replaced with glutamine (unheated), aspartic acid, asparagine, nor ammonium salts. The relationship of nutritional requirements of micrococci and staphylococci to classification is discussed.

scholarly journals Food Safety Risk Assessment of γ-Butyrolactone Transformation into Dangerous γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid in Beverages by Quantitative 13C-NMR Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shaoming Jin ◽  
Xiao Ning ◽  
Jin Cao ◽  
Yaonan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Food Safety Risk ◽  
And Storage

Food safety remains a matter of great concern in most countries and the composition in food is crucial to food safety. It is very important to make sense of the quality and change of food ingredients. In this research, the change of γ-butyrolactone (GBL), one kind of food additive in beverage, had been evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The 1H-NMR results of seven beverages covering various kinds with spiked GBL indicated that GBL was transformed into dangerous γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in six popular beverages under certain conditions which could happen during transportation and storage. Further results of quantitative 13C-NMR showed that pH and temperature were two key factors affecting the transforming degree of GBL to GHB. Lower pH and higher temperature will increase the degree of transformation. GHB was a neurotransmitter on the chemical control list, which was absolutely forbidden to be added to food. This nondestructive NMR detecting technology which did not need the complex pretreatment method to directly determine food ingredients can be useful for identifying the risk of food safety from the changes of food composition during transport and storage.

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