COLONIAL VARIATION IN ACTINOBACILLUS MALLEI

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Rough Surface ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Colonial Morphology ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Degree Of Heterogeneity

An examination of colonies of 51 strains of Actinobacillus mallei grown on a complex agar medium containing heart infusion broth, yeast extract, glucose, and glycerol indicated a high degree of heterogeneity in respect of colonial morphology both within and between strains. A strain possessing high virulence for hamsters (I.P. LD50 for hamsters < 20 cells) was almost completely homogeneous, and colonies of this strain, when viewed microscopically using an oblique lighting technique, were buff in color and had a dull, slightly rough surface and even edges with a slightly cross-hatched appearance. The designation "typical" was given to colonies of this type. Other colonial types designated as "smooth", "intermediate", and "dense, yellow" were isolated from subcultures of this strain. Additional colony types were found upon examination of other strains; these include a "wrinkled variant and several forms of granular and rough colonies. Prolonged incubation of stationary broth cultures of several strains led to the establishment of new colonial types in several strains tested, and ""wrinkled" and "white, opaque, glistening" colonies were isolated from cultures inoculated with "typical" and "intermediate" forms. The relationship of these findings to the earlier work of Mochida is discussed.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Chill-Hours and Degree-Days Affect Carpogenic Germination in Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Scherm ◽  
A. T. Savelle ◽  
P. L. Pusey
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Carpogenic Germination ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Heating Degree Days ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of cumulative chill-hours (hours with a mean temperature <7.2°C) and heating degree-days (base 7.2°C) to carpogenic germination of pseudosclerotia of Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, which causes mummy berry disease of blueberry, was investigated. In two laboratory experiments, pseudosclerotia collected from rabbiteye blueberry in Georgia were conditioned at 5 to 6°C for 26 to 1,378 h prior to placement in conditions favorable for germination and apothecium development. The number of chill-hours accumulated during the conditioning period affected the subsequent proportion of pseudosclerotia that germinated and produced apothecia, with the greatest incidence of carpogenic germination occurring after intermediate levels of chilling (≈700 chill-hours). The minimum chilling requirement for germination and apothecium production was considerably lower than that reported previously for pseudo-sclerotia from highbush blueberry in northern production regions. The rate of carpogenic germination was strongly affected by interactions between the accumulation of chill-hours and degree-days during the conditioning and germination periods; pseudosclerotia exposed to prolonged chilling periods, once transferred to suitable conditions, germinated and produced apothecia more rapidly (after fewer degree-days had accumulated) than those exposed to shorter chilling periods. Thus, pseudosclerotia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi are adapted to germinate carpogenically following cold winters (high chill-hours, low degree-days) as well as warm winters (low chill-hours, high degree-days). Results were validated in a combined field-laboratory experiment in which pseudosclerotia that had received various levels of natural chilling were allowed to germinate in controlled conditions in the laboratory, and in two field experiments in which pseudosclerotia were exposed to natural chilling and germination conditions. A simple model describing the timing of apothecium emergence in relation to cumulative chill-hours and degree-days was developed based on the experiments. The model should be useful for better timing of field scouting programs for apothecia to aid in management of primary infection by M. vaccinii-corymbosi.

scholarly journals The degree at which the first three basic grades pupils practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghors District: مدى ممارسة طلبة الصفوف الثلاثة الأولى من المرحلة الأساسية للقيم الأخلاقية من وجهة نظر معلماتهم في لواء الأغوار الجنوبية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Eisa Salmeh Al-Khleifat, Ali Salmeh Daowd Al-khleifat
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Secondary Stage ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed at identifying the degree at which the first three basic grades pupils practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghor District، as well as، the relationship of that with some variables. The researchers developed the study tool that consisted of، ( 27 ) items divided into three domains; the validity and reliability of the study tool were verified. The study sample consisted of (50) female teachers from those who teach the first three basic grades. The study results showed that، the degree at which the first three basic grades pupils practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghor، District، was high. The domain relating to (the relationship between the pupil and the teaching staff) was in the first place، followed by (the relationship between the pupil and his teacher)، and finally (the relationship between the pupil and his peers). The results showed that there are no statistically significant differences at ( α≤ 0.05 )، regarding the degree at which the first three basic grades pupils practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghor District attributed to the variables of the years of experience as well as educational qualification. In the light of the results، the study recommended that، the students should practice the ethical values in a high degree with their peers by educating the pupils regarding the brotherhood in our Islamic religion as well as practicing these behaviors in front of the students to reinforce them. The study also recommended about conducting a study that reveals the degree at which the secondary stage students practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghor District.

scholarly journals ON FORECASTING THE INSURANCE MARKET IN RUSSIA AND IN THE ASTRAKHAN REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Tatyana Vladimirovna Kotova ◽  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Sokolova ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Chernikina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
License Revocation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

Insurance companies, being one of the most important links in the financial system of the country, make a significant contribution to the development of the national economy. Insufficient stability and a low level of dynamics of insurance development are conditioned by poor capitalization of insurance companies and absence of methodological complex, which would allow to create financial strategy with high degree of efficiency. In the Russian Federation today there are 236 insurance companies, of them 61 are in the Astrakhan region. Every year insurance companies cease their activity due to the license revocation. The study of the insurance market of the Astrakhan region and Russia using modern methods of scientific research, including mathematical models, made it possible to establish the relationship of insurance indicators with GDP and GRP. Studying the developing insurance market allowed to infer about the expediency of using the indicator “depth of the insurance market”. The forecast of this indicator until 2020 was based on the consensus forecast of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. Development of the insurance market and, consequently, the economy of the region and of the country is affected by many factors. The following indicators were considered as factors: dollar rate, price per gram of gold, MICEX index, central rate of the Central Bank of Russia, and the inflation rate. The constructed multifactorial regression model helped to establish the relationship between the volume of insurance premiums of voluntary insurance, the dollar exchange rate and the level of inflation. The given research algorithm can be used in various fields. The worked out forecast of the parameter of depth of insurance market in the Astrakhan region and Russia proved positive tendency in developing regional and Russian insurance market.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics of Parolsenella catena and Libanicoccus massiliensis: Reclassification of Libanicoccus massiliensis as Parolsenella massiliensis comb. nov.

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Sakamoto ◽  
Nao Ikeyama ◽  
Takumi Murakami ◽  
Hiroshi Mori ◽  
Masahiro Yuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Monophyletic Cluster ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Previous analyses based on 16S rRNA and hsp60 genes indicated that Parolsenella catena and Libanicoccus massiliensis were closely related to each other and formed a monophyletic cluster independent of the related Olsenella species. To clarify the relationship of these two species, we determined the genome sequence of P. catena JCM 31932T and compared it with that already sequenced for L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T. Phylogenetic trees based on the concatenated 37 single-copy ribosomal proteins or RpoB robustly supported the relationship observed in the previous studies. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between P. catena JCM 31932T and L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T were 32.6 and 87.8 %, respectively, indicating that P. catena JCM 31932T and L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T are independent species. Alignment fraction and ANI values between the two genomes were 0.75 and 88.84 %, respectively, thus indicating that the two species should be classified into the same genus. The number of putative orthologous genes shared between the two genomes was 1321, which was significantly larger than those (482–928) reported between L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T and other closely related species. In addition, the genome of P. catena JCM 31932T had a high degree of synteny conservation with that of L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T. On the basis of these findings, we propose that L. massiliensis should be reclassified as Parolsenella massiliensis comb. nov.; the type strain is Marseille-P3237T (=JCM 33000T=CCUG 71182T).

The Relationship of Oxygen Consumption to Age and Weight During the Post-Embryonic Growth of Locusta Migratoria L

1957 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
KENNETH U. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Considerable Range

The weight and oxygen consumption of individual locusts, six from each instar, have been measured at 12-hourly intervals throughout each stadium. An analysis of short duration changes shows that fluctuations in live weight are unavoidable in the growing animal, and that they are accompanied by fluctuations in oxygen consumption. In time the latter lag behind the former. As the fluctuations of these two variables are out of phase, there is a considerable range of oxygen consumption which must be regarded as normal for any given weight. Calculations are made to find the limits of these fluctuations compatible with normal growth. The changes that occur during a stadium can be represented by a straight trend line for both weight and oxygen consumption. Exceptions occur in the case of weight of the adult where two straight lines are necessary, one for the growing phase and one for the steady phase of this instar. In certain cases in the fifth instar two straight lines are necessary to express the trend in oxygen consumption which may show an abrupt change in the middle of the stadium. A high degree of correlation is found between the trend lines for weight and oxygen consumption in the early instars. A low degree is found in latter instars where the weight increases and the oxygen consumption remains nearly constant. A curve representing the changes of weight and oxygen consumption that occur during the growth of the locust has been constructed.

Functional heterogeneity and senior management team effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Benoliel ◽  
Anit Somech
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Functional Heterogeneity ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – There has been an increasing trend toward the creation of senior management teams (SMTs) which are characterized by a high degree of functional heterogeneity. Although such teams may create better linkages to information, along with the benefits of functional heterogeneity comes the potential for conflicts that stem from the value differences among subcultures in an organization. These conflicts can adversely affect performance. The purpose of this paper is to examine how school leaders’ activities mediate the relationship of SMT functional heterogeneity to SMT effectiveness (in-role performance and innovation). Design/methodology/approach – Data, which were obtained through a survey, was collected from a sample of 92 schools in Israel. Data were collected from two sources (principals and SMT members) to minimize problems associated with same source and common method bias. Data were aggregated at the team level of analysis. Findings – The results of structural equation model indicated that principal’s internal activities enhanced SMT in-role performance whereas principals’ external activities enhanced SMT innovation. The results also showed that principal’s internal activities are full mediators of the relationship between functional heterogeneity and SMT in-role performance. Originality/value – This study has implications for policies involving the design and implementation of leadership tools to effectively manage SMTs. The results of this study can help principals to establish priorities and allocate their time and resources more effectively, both inward and outward the SMT boundary so as to assist functionally heterogeneous SMTs translating the benefits of functional heterogeneity into significant achievements.

The Morphology of Mpondomise Descent Groups

Africa ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Hammond-Tooke
Keyword(s):  
World Religions ◽  
Ancestor Cult ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Aspects ◽  
Strong Contrast ◽  
Supreme Being

Opening ParagraphThis paper had its genesis in an attempt to understand certain aspects of the ancestor cult of the Mpondomise, a Cape Nguni people of the Transkei, South Africa. Like all Southern Bantu, the Mpondomise have only a vague idea of a supreme being and effective ritual behaviour is directed towards the shades of deceased agnatic forebears, the izinyanya. It was immediately obvious that any understanding, particularly of the structural aspects of the cult, depended on a clear picture of the lineage, of what is, in effect, its ‘congregation’ (in the Durkheimian sense). It is an anthropological truism that ancestor cults exhibit to a high degree that congruence between ritual behaviour and social structure emphasized by Durkheim. In strong contrast to the universalistic world religions, recruitment to the cult group is in terms of a kinship idiom, either through birth, marriage, or adoption, the beings to whom worship is directed are highly differentiated and structurally defined, and their sphere of influence is similarly bounded. There is evidence that the ancestor cult is inversely correlated with a highly developed cult of a supreme being and that sacrifice to the manes tends to symbolize commensalism (as one would expect with erstwhile kinsmen) rather than the explicit identification of the worshipper with the offering found, for example, both among the Nuer, with their conceptualization of an omnipotent High God, and, in some of its symbolism at least, in the Christian Eucharist. Be this as it may, ancestor cults have been particularly congenial to the structural interests of modern social anthropologists and the growing number of detailed studies has greatly increased our knowledge of this religious form. It was thus essential, as a preliminary exercise, to define the congregation of the cult, the locus of ritual authority within it, and the relationship of the living members of the group to the dead.

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN A

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-436
Author(s):  
J. M. LEWIS ◽  
SIDNEY Q. COHLAN ◽  
ANGELINA MESSINA
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Butter Fat ◽  
Fat Globule ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Experiments carried out on infants revealed that vitamin A, as it occurs naturally in milk, was more effectively absorbed than when administered in an oily vehicle, but not quite as well absorbed as when given in an "aqueous" preparation. The high degree of absorbability of vitamin A in milk is due to the relatively small particle size of the butter fat globule. By reducing the particle size of a fish liver oil preparation (oleum percomorphum) to 1 to 2 µ by homogenization into milk or water, the absorption of vitamin A was considerably enhanced in children and in rats. The relationship of the particle size of the vehicle of vitamin A to absorption is further demonstrated by the results of the administration in children and in rats of three vitamin A preparations of varying particle size. Thus, the highest absorption occurred following the administration of a preparation containing particle size of submicroscopic proportion ("aqueous"); the lowest absorption resulted following the preparation containing particles macroscopic in size (oil) and intermediate absorption was observed following the use of a preparation containing particle sizes varying from 1 to 20 µ (emulsion). Similarly, in a child having cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, the absorption of vitamin A was dependent upon the particle size of the vehicle employed.

scholarly journals State of Climate Law∵The Third Pillar of International Climate Change Law: Explaining ‘Loss and Damage’ after the Paris Agreement

Climate Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Broberg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Loss And Damage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

With the 2015 Paris Agreement, ‘loss and damage’ (L&D) was introduced into the unfccc treaty framework as a new, third substantive area of climate change law. Both before and after its adoption, this new area has been subject to much contention—and this is reflected in a high degree of uncertainty surrounding its interpretation. This article examines the definition of L&D and the types of impact covered by the notion. It also examines the relationship of L&D with mitigation and adaptation, as well as the instruments that are covered by it. Finally, the article considers the controversial issue of who can invoke L&D—and against whom.

Assessment of Bleeding in Thrombocytopenic Patients (pts) with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP).

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1255-1255
Author(s):  
Lemke K. Page ◽  
Andrew S. Elish ◽  
Drew Provan ◽  
Steven Myrint ◽  
Michael Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Bleeding Score ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Advia 120 ◽  
Bleeding Severity

Abstract Introduction: Assessment of bleeding in ITP is difficult. There is no agreed upon methodology; the WHO bleeding score does not seem useful for ITP. We report an ITP bleeding score including the relationship between site-specific bleeding severity (BLS), platelet count (plt ct), and plt size. Methods: A bleeding score was created which has 11 sites, 9 by history (Hx) of the previous week: skin, oral, epistaxis, GI, GU, GYN, hemoptysis, subconjunctival (SC), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH); and 2 by Exam (PE): skin and oral. The BLS grades (gr) pts for each site on a defined scale from no bleeding (0) to “major” bleeding (2). Plt cts and large plts (LP) were measured on the Bayer Advia 120. No pt had &gt; 2 study visits. Results: The 65 ITP pts on 100 visits over 6 months had a median (mdn) plt ct of 41,500/uL (41.5k). The mdn age was 31.5 yrs; 20 pts were children. 56 pts had chronic ITP, 26 s/p splenectomy, with a mdn duration of ITP of 6 yrs. There were no GU, SC hemorrhage (hem), or ICH. 72% of all gr 1 hem’s were skin whereas 46% of gr 2 hem’s were oral. There was 1 GI hem and 3 hemoptysis visits that were gr 2. 42 women on 63 visits had 5 visits each with GYN BLS gr 1 and gr 2. X2 testing correlated plt ct and BLS for 6 sites: both oral and both skin sites, epistaxis, and GYN (p’s &lt; 0.05). Oral PE correlated best with the plt ct (fig 1). For oral PE, BLS of gr 2 did not occur at plt cts &gt; 20k. When the BLS was scored independently by two observers (LKP & JB) on 63 of the100 visits, 92% of individual BLS grs were identical (PearsonR=0.75). Skin PE and epistaxis each had 11/63 discrepancies. In addition, 16 BLS for oral (15 for skin) were different comparing Hx and PE (fig 2). LP did not correlate well with site-specific BLS when only plt cts ≤ 30k were included, suggesting that large, young platelets may not primarily determine bleeding severity in ITP. However for Skin Hx, if the BLS was gr 0, 4/6 had LP ≥ 2 whereas only 7/28 LP were ≥ 2 when the BLS was gr 1. Conclusions: The Bleeding Score reported here was validated by: a) the relationship of bleeding severity at multiple sites to plt ct including the absence of gr 2 bleeding at plt cts &gt;20k; and b) the high degree of interobserver reliability despite a low but irreducible error rate based on variability in pt recall. It takes ≤ 3–5 minutes to complete. The significance of LP remains unclear. Studies of the BLS in larger numbers of patients will further determine its usefulness. Figure 1. Bleeding Severity for Oral Cavity (PE) Versus Platelet Count Figure 1. Bleeding Severity for Oral Cavity (PE) Versus Platelet Count Figure 2. Comparision of Oral PE to Oral Hx Figure 2. Comparision of Oral PE to Oral Hx

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