A WIDE-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCED BY A SPECIES OF SORANGIUM

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Peterson ◽  
D. C. Gillespie ◽  
F. D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
High Degree

A soil-borne myxobacter identified as a species of Sorangium produced a potent antibiotic capable of inhibiting growth of a wide variety of microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and yeasts. The active material was readily isolated from culture fluids of the organism by ether extraction or by adsorption on a resin. A high degree of purity was achieved chromatographically. Acetone, methanol, or aqueous solutions of the antibiotic were stable when stored at low temperature (4 °C). At 70 °C it was unstable in phosphate buffer but retained its activity in iris buffer at neutral and alkaline pH.

Disinfection of Fruits with Activated Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1864-1872
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Lower Effect

The effect of ionized aqueous solutions (anolytes and catholyte) in the processing of fruits (cherries, morellos, and strawberries) for decontamination has been tested. Freshly prepared analytes and catholyte without the addition of salts were used, as well as stored for 7 months anolytes, prepared with 0.5% NaCl and a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3. The anolyte prepared with a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3, as well as the anolyte obtained with 0.5% NaCl, exhibit high antimicrobial activity against the surface microflora of strawberries, cherries, and sour cherries. They inactivate E. coli for 15 minutes. The other species of the fam. Enterobacteriaceae were also affected to the maximum extent, as is the total number of microorganisms, especially in cherries and sour cherries. Even stored for 7 months, they largely retain their antimicrobial properties. Anolyte and catholyte, obtained without the addition of salts, showed a lower effect on the total number of microorganisms, but had a significant effect on Gram-negative bacteria, and especially with regard to the sanitary indicative E. coli.

Study of the chemical composition, antimicrobial activity of the essen- al oil of Cistus salviifolius from Tissemsilt National Park (Algeria) and influence of the drying period in the shade on the yield of this oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 238-244
Author(s):  
Meharrar Nadjet ◽  
Bekada Ahmed Mohamed Ali ◽  
Dris Ibrahim ◽  
Jacques Dommes ◽  
Arabi Abed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Cistus Salviifolius

The genera Cistus present groups of about twenty species of shrubs belon- ging to the Cistaceae family are very common throughout the Mediterranean region. Cistus salviifolius, known as Melliya is a species of this genus that occurs in the forest region of Mount Ouarsenis (northwest Algeria), exactly in Thniet El Had Na onal Park in the Wilaya of Tissemsilt. This study was un- dertaken to evaluate the an bacterial effects of C. salviifolius and its chemical composition in addition the effect of shade drying me on essen al oil yield in order to op mize this parameter which is most o en not controlled for producers. The op mal yield recorded is about 0.07± 0.02%. Its characte- riza on by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry shows a dominance of hydrocarbon compounds. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is established using 6 strains of Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The antibiotic susceptibility test is performed using the giliose- environment diffusion method, a bacterial suspension is prepared and subsequently well homogenized. Opacity must be adjusted to 0.5 McF (McFarland), from a young exponen al culture (18 to 24 hours). The an mi- crobial ac vity of C. salviifolius EO was tested against three Gram-posi ve and three Gram-nega ve bacteria. In fact, a strong inhibitory and bactericidal effect has been demonstrated against all Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacteria tested. It appears from this study that the EO of C. salviifo- lius has a very high antimicrobial activity, it shows a wide spectrum covering Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Taking into account the results of this study, new an bacterial agents could be developed and the use of C.salviifolius should be encouraged in the pharmaceutical and perfumery industries.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COPPER KAOLINITE AND SURFACTANT MODIFIED COPPER KAOLINITE AGAINST GRAM POSITIVE AND GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (3-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Syafawani Sarah Md Saad ◽  
Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek ◽  
Chun Shiong Chong
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Copper Nitrate ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Technique

The aim of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of kaolinite modified with antimicrobial compounds against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Copper kaolinite (Cu-kaolinite) was prepared by loading raw kaolinite with copper nitrate trihydrate (CuNO3) while surfactant modified Cu-kaolinite (SM-Cu-kaolinite) was prepared by adding cationic surfactants hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium (HDTMA) on Cu-Kaolinite. Samples was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer. The antimicrobial activity of the samples was tested against Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442), and Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) through disc diffusion technique (DDT) and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of Cu-kaolinite increased after modified with HDTMA due to the synergistic effects of Cu ions and HDTMA molecules on the kaolinite. The antimicrobial activity for surfactant modified Cu-kaolinite was greater for Gram positive bacteria compared to Gram negative bacteria. In conclusion, the attachment of HDTMA on Cu-kaolinite contributed to the enhanced antimicrobial activity against wide spectrum of bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria).

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan Extracted from Waste Shrimp Shells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Vilar Junior ◽  
Daylin Rubio Ribeaux ◽  
Carlos Alberto Alves da Silva ◽  
Galba Maria De Campos-Takaki
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Degree Of Deacetylation ◽  
Shrimp Shells ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
High Degree

This research aims to study the production of chitosan from shrimp shell (Litopenaeus vannamei) of waste origin using two chemical methodologies involving demineralization, deproteinization, and the degree of deacetylation. The evaluation of the quality of chitosan from waste shrimp shells includes parameters for the yield, physical chemistry characteristics by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the degree of deacetylation, and antibacterial activity. The results showed (by Method 1) extraction yields for chitin of 33% and for chitosan of 49% and a 76% degree of deacetylation. Chitosan obtained by Method 2 was more efficient: chitin (36%) and chitosan (63%), with a high degree of deacetylation (81.7%). The antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-negative bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophiliaandEnterobacter cloacae) and Gram-positiveBacillus subtilisand the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined. Method 2 showed that extracted chitosan has good antimicrobial potential against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and that the process is viable.

scholarly journals Conjugative Mobilization of the Rolling-Circle Plasmid pIP823 from Listeria monocytogenes BM4293 among Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (11) ◽  
pp. 3368-3374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Charpentier ◽  
Guy Gerbaud ◽  
Patrice Courvalin
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Rolling Circle ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rolling Circle Mechanism ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT We determined the sequence and genetic organization of plasmid pIP823, which contains the dfrD gene; dfrDconfers high-level trimethoprim resistance to Listeria monocytogenes BM4293 by synthesis of dihydrofolate reductase type S2. pIP823 possessed all the features of the pUB110/pC194 plasmid family, whose members replicate by the rolling-circle mechanism. Therep gene encoded a protein identical to RepU, the protein required for initiation of the replication of plasmids pTB913 from a thermophilic Bacillus sp. and pUB110 fromStaphylococcus aureus. The mob gene encoded a protein with a high degree of amino acid identity with the Mob proteins involved in conjugative mobilization and interplasmidic recombination of pTB913 and pUB110. The host range of pIP823 was broad and includedL. monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis,S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, andEscherichia coli. In all these species, pIP823 replicated by generating single-stranded DNA and was stable. Conjugative mobilization of pIP823 was obtained by self-transferable plasmids between L. monocytogenes and E. faecalis, between L. monocytogenes and E. coli, and between strains of E. coli, and by the streptococcal conjugative transposon Tn1545 from L. monocytogenes to E. faecalis, and from L. monocytogenes and E. faecalis to E. coli. These data indicate that the gene flux observed in nature from gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria can occur by conjugative mobilization. Our results suggest that dissemination of trimethoprim resistance in Listeria spp. and acquisition of other antibiotic resistance determinants in this species can be anticipated.

scholarly journals Evernimicin Binds Exclusively to the 50S Ribosomal Subunit and Inhibits Translation in Cell-Free Systems Derived from both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1121-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. McNicholas ◽  
David J. Najarian ◽  
Paul A. Mann ◽  
David Hesk ◽  
Roberta S. Hare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Free Translation

ABSTRACT Evernimicin (SCH 27899) is a new antibiotic with activity against a wide spectrum of gram-positive bacteria and activity against some gram-negative bacteria. Previous metabolic labeling studies indicated that evernimicin specifically inhibited protein synthesis inStaphylococcus aureus. Using a susceptibleEscherichia coli strain, we demonstrated that evernimicin also inhibited protein synthesis in E. coli. In cell-free translation assays with extracts from either E. coli orS. aureus, evernimicin had a 50% inhibitory concentration of approximately 125 nM. In contrast, cell-free systems derived from wheat germ and rabbit reticulocytes were inhibited only by very high levels of evernimicin. Evernimicin did not promote transcript misreading. [14C]evernimicin specifically bound to the 50S subunit from E. coli. Nonlinear regression analysis of binding data generated with 70S ribosomes from E. coli andS. aureus and 50S subunits from E. colireturned dissociation constants of 84, 86, and 160 nM, respectively. In binding experiments, performed in the presence of excess quantities of a selection of antibiotics known to bind to the 50S subunit, only the structurally similar drug avilamycin blocked binding of [14C]evernimicin to ribosomes.

scholarly journals Identification of Methyl Halide-Utilizing Genes in the Methyl Bromide-Utilizing Bacterial Strain IMB-1 Suggests a High Degree of Conservation of Methyl Halide-Specific Genes in Gram-Negative Bacteria

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1959-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire A. Woodall ◽  
Karen L. Warner ◽  
Ronald S. Oremland ◽  
J. Colin Murrell ◽  
Ian R. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
High Sequence Homology ◽  
Methyl Halide ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT Strain IMB-1, an aerobic methylotrophic member of the alpha subgroup of the Proteobacteria, can grow with methyl bromide as a sole carbon and energy source. A single cmugene cluster was identified in IMB-1 that contained six open reading frames: cmuC, cmuA, orf146, paaE, hutI, and partialmetF. CmuA from IMB-1 has high sequence homology to the methyltransferase CmuA from Methylobacterium chloromethanicum and Hyphomicrobium chloromethanicum and contains a C-terminal corrinoid-binding motif and an N-terminal methyltransferase motif. However,cmuB, identified in M. chloromethanicumand H. chloromethanicum, was not detected in IMB-1.

Low temperature thermal behaviour of lipopolysaccharides from Brucella and other Gram-negative bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Ramos-Sánchez ◽  
A. Orduña-Domingo ◽  
A. Rodríguez-Torres ◽  
F.J. Martín-Gil ◽  
J. Martín-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals Analysis of a “3-(Naphthalen-1-ylimino)indolin-2-one” Compound and Its Antimicrobial Assessment Using Lipid-Based Self-Nanoemulsifying Formulations

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Saeed Ali Syed ◽  
Ahmed Bari ◽  
Mohammed S. Aldughaim ◽  
Md Abdur Rashid ◽  
Mohammad Hossain Shariare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

In recent years, indole derivatives have acquired conspicuous significance due to their wide spectrum of biological activities—antibacterial, antiviral, and anticonvulsant. This compound is derived from naturally grown plants. Therefore, synthesis of a novel “3-(Naphthalen-1-ylimino)indolin-2-one” compound (2) and its analysis using UPLC systems along with antimicrobial assessment was the aim of the current study. Isatin was used as a parent drug for synthesizing compound (2). Liquid Chromatographic analysis was performed using a C18 BEH column (1.7 μm 2.1 × 50 mm) by UPLC systems. Degradation studies were carried out to see whether acid, base, thermal, and oxidizing agents had any impact on the synthesized molecule in stress conditions (100 °C). A lipid-based self-nanoemulsifying formulation was developed and selectivity, specificity, recovery, accuracy, and precision were measured as part of the UPLC system’s validation process. Antimicrobial studies were conducted using gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The standard samples were run with a concentration range of 5.0–100.0 μg/mL using the isocratic mobile phase comprising of methanol/water (70/30 %v/v) at 234 nm; good linearity (R2 = 0.9998) was found. The lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of the method were found to be 0.81 μg/mL and 2.5 μg/mL, respectively. The coefficients of variation were found to be less than 2%. The antimicrobial study suggests that compound (2) has a substantial growth effect against gram-negative bacteria. It was successfully synthesized and applied to measure the concentrations in lipid-based dosage form, along with potent antimicrobial activities.

Effectiveness of Low-Temperature Domestic Laundry on the Decontamination of Healthcare Workers' Uniforms

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1103-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lakdawala ◽  
J. Pham ◽  
M. Shah ◽  
J. Holton
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Healthcare Environment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Before And After

Objective.Most professionals in the healthcare environment wear uniforms. For the purpose of this study, we concentrated on nurses' uniforms. In the United Kingdom, many nurses are expected to launder their uniforms at home by using a domestic washing machine that frequently has low-temperature wash cycles. We have investigated whether the use of low-temperature wash cycles results in a microbiologically acceptable product to wear on the wards.Methods.We have assessed the bioburden on uniforms before and after laundry and the effectiveness of low-temperature wash cycles and ironing on removal of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii. We did not assess the role of tumble drying.Results.We demonstrate contamination of uniforms by gram-negative bacteria after wash, the removal of MRSA at low-temperature wash cycles in the presence of detergent, and the eradication of gram-negative bacteria after ironing.Conclusions.Our conclusions are that laundry in a domestic situation at 60°C (140°F) for 10 minutes is sufficient to decontaminate hospital uniforms and reduces the bacterial load by more than 7-log reduction, that items left in the pockets are decontaminated to the same extent, that the addition of either a biological detergent or a nonbiological detergent is beneficial in removing MRSA from experimentally contaminated swatches, and that uniforms become recontaminated with low numbers of principally gram-negative bacteria after laundry but that these are effectively removed by ironing.

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