THE ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH PREPARATIONS OF DELTA HEMOLYSIN OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Hoffmann ◽  
Murray M. Streitfeld
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Typical Strain ◽  
High Concentrations

Partially purified preparations of delta hemolysin demonstrated growth-inhibitory activity against certain Gram-positive bacteria, including certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Primary and replica plate assays indicated that the pattern of antibacterial activity manifested against a typical strain, highly sensitive to delta hemolysin, was that given by a typical antibiotic. Bactericidal, bacteriostatic, and stimulation zones were seen, dependent upon the lysin concentration. Certain of the delta hemolysin-producing strains of S. aureus manifested a pattern of growth inhibition wherein particular members of the cultures responded by bacteriostasis to high concentrations of lysin, while the remaining organisms showed no overt growth inhibition. Other strains of delta hemolysin-producing S. aureus were not inhibited in growth by delta hemolysin preparations.The identity of the delta hemolysins and the antibiotic material has not been established. However, analysis by paper chromatography of delta hemolysin preparations revealed at least two hemolytic substances, delta A and delta B, manifesting hemolysis of human erythrocytes and associated with antibiotic activity.

Synthesis of Chalcones and Nucleosides Incorporating [1, 3, 4]Oxadiazolenone Core and Evaluation of their Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-679
Author(s):  
Alok K. Srivastava ◽  
Lokesh K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Good Antibacterial Activity

Background: [1, 3, 4]oxadiazolenone core containing chalcones and nucleosides were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of a variety of benzaldehyde derivatives, obtained from oxidation of substituted 5-(3/6 substituted-4-Methylphenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-one and various substituted acetophenone. The resultant chalcones were coupled with penta-O-acetylglucopyranose followed by deacetylation to get [1, 3, 4] oxadiazolenone core containing chalcones and nucleosides. Various analytical techniques viz IR, NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis were used to confirm the structure of the synthesised compounds.The compounds were targeted against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity and Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum for antifungal activity. Methods: A mixture of Acid hydrazides (3.0 mmol) and N, Nʹ- carbonyl diimidazole (3.3 mmol) in 15 mL of dioxane was refluxed to afford substituted [1, 3, 4]-oxadiazole-2(3H)-one. The resulted [1, 3, 4]- oxadiazole-2(3H)-one (1.42 mmol) was oxidized with Chromyl chloride (1.5 mL) in 20 mL of carbon tetra chloride and condensed with acetophenones (1.42 mmol) to get chalcones 4. The equimolar ratio of obtained chalcones 4 and β -D-1,2,3,4,6- penta-O-acetylglucopyranose in presence of iodine was refluxed to get nucleosides 5. The [1, 3, 4] oxadiazolenone core containing chalcones 4 and nucleosides 5 were tested to determined minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value with the experimental procedure of Benson using disc-diffusion method. All compounds were tested at concentration of 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.62 mg/mL, 0.31 mg/mL and 0.15 mg/mL for antifungal activity against three strains of pathogenic fungi Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus), Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) and for antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (E. coli), and two Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis(B. subtilis). Result: The chalcones 4 and nucleosides 5 were screened for antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and B. subtilis whereas antifungal activity against A. flavus, A. niger and F. oxysporum. Compounds 4a-t showed good antibacterial activity whereas compounds 5a-t containing glucose moiety showed better activity against fungi. The glucose moiety of compounds 5 helps to enter into the cell wall of fungi and control the cell growth. Conclusion: Chalcones 4 and nucleosides 5 incorporating [1, 3, 4] oxadiazolenone core were synthesized and characterized by various spectral techniques and elemental analysis. These compounds were evaluated for their antifungal activity against three fungi; viz. A. flavus, A. niger and F. oxysporum. In addition to this, synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria E. Coli and gram positive bacteria S. aureus, B. subtilis. Compounds 4a-t showed good antibacterial activity whereas 5a-t showed better activity against fungi.

scholarly journals Semi-Synthesis of Small Molecules of Aminocarbazoles: Tumor Growth Inhibition and Potential Impact on p53

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Solida Long ◽  
Joana B. Loureiro ◽  
Carla Carvalho ◽  
Luís Gales ◽  
Lucília Saraiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Mutant P53 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Amino Derivatives ◽  
Carbazole Alkaloids

The tumor suppressor p53 is inactivated by mutation in approximately 50% of human cancers. Small molecules that bind and stabilize those mutants may represent effective anticancer drugs. Herein, we report the tumor cell growth inhibitory activity of carbazole alkaloids and amino derivatives, as well as their potential activation of p53. Twelve aminocarbazole alkaloids were semi-synthesized from heptaphylline (1), 7-methoxy heptaphylline (2), and 7-methoxymukonal (3), isolated from Clausena harmandiana, using a reductive amination protocol. Naturally-occurring carbazoles 1–3 and their amino derivatives were evaluated for their potential effect on wild-type and mutant p53 activity using a yeast screening assay and on human tumor cell lines. Naturally-occurring carbazoles 1–3 showed the most potent growth inhibitory effects on wild-type p53-expressing cells, being heptaphylline (1) the most promising in all the investigated cell lines. However, compound 1 also showed growth inhibition against non-tumor cells. Conversely, semi-synthetic aminocarbazole 1d showed an interesting growth inhibitory activity in tumor cells expressing both wild-type and mutant p53, exhibiting low growth inhibition on non-tumor cells. The yeast assay showed a potential reactivation of mutant p53 by heptaphylline derivatives, including compound 1d. The results obtained indicate that carbazole alkaloids may represent a promising starting point to search for new mutp53-reactivating agents with promising applications in cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Espeletia nana

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Peña ◽  
Luis Rojas ◽  
Rosa Aparicio ◽  
Libia Alarcón ◽  
José Gregorio Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The essential oil of the leaves of Espeletia nana Cuatrec, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC-MS, which allowed the identification of 24 components, which made up 99.9% of the oil. The most abundant compounds were α-pinene (38.1%), β-pinene (17.2%), myrcene (15.0%), spathulenol (4.2%), bicyclogermacrene (4.0%), α-zingiberene (4.0%), and γhimachalene (3.7%). Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar disk diffusion method. Activity was observed only against Gram-positive bacteria. MIC values were determined for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923(200 μg/mL) and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (600 μg/mL).

scholarly journals Antibacterial Triterpenoids from the Bark of Sonneratia alba (Lythraceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000
Author(s):  
Harizon ◽  
Betry Pujiastuti ◽  
Dikdik Kurnia ◽  
Dadan Sumiarsa ◽  
Yoshihito Shiono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Data ◽  
Spectrometric Data ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Sonneratia Alba ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

The new lupane-type triterpenoid, 3β-hydroxy-lup-9(11), 12-diene, 28-oic acid (1), along with two known lupane-type triterpenoids, lupeol (2) and lupan-3p-ol (3), were isolated from the bark of Sonnetaria alba. The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data analysis. Using the broth microdilution method, all compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 15-33 to 35-55 ng/mL, respectively.

scholarly journals Potent Antibacterial Prenylated Acetophenones from the Australian Endemic Plant Acronychia crassipetala

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trong D. Tran ◽  
Malin A. Olsson ◽  
David J. McMillan ◽  
Jason K. Cullen ◽  
Peter G. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
First Record ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Structural Characterisation ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Endemic Plant Species

Acronychia crassipetala is an endemic plant species in Australia. Its phytochemistry and therapeutic properties are underexplored. The hexane extract of the fruit A. crassipetala T. G. Hartley was found to inhibit the growth of the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Following bio-activity guided fractionation, two prenylated acetophenones, crassipetalonol A (1) and crassipetalone A (2), were isolated. Their structures were determined mainly by NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. This is the first record of the isolation and structural characterisation of secondary metabolites from the species A. crassipetala. Their antibacterial and cytotoxic assessments indicated that the known compound (2) had more potent antibacterial activity than the antibiotic chloramphenicol, while the new compound (1) showed moderate cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia catappa brown leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovin Qonita Allyn ◽  
Eko Kusumawati ◽  
Rudy Agung Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dried Extract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of various concentration ofTerminalia catappabrown leaves extract which can inhibit the growth ofStaphylococcus aureusATCC 25923 andPseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853. The crushed-brown leaves ofTerminalia catappawas extracted using 95% ethanol, filtered, and evaporated. The driedT. catappaextract was used to identify phytochemical content qualitatively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also measured quantitatively from dried extract. The dried extracts were also dissolved in sterile aquadest and serial dilutions were prepared to final concentration of 30, 60 and 90%. A disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of ethanol extract of brown leaves ofT. catappa. Inhibition zone diameter was measured to determine antibacterial activity. Gentamycin sulfate and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Dried ethanolic extract of brownT. catappaleaves contained flavonoid, quinon, phenolic, triterpenoid, and tannin. A total of 208.722 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract of total phenolic and 35.7671 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract of total flavonoid were also found in the dried extract. The inhibition zone diameters of ethanolic extracts ranged from 1.73 to 9.06 mm (S. aureus) and from 1.83 to 6.5 mm (P. aeruginosa). The higher concentration of extract, the wider the inhibition zone diameters for both bacteria.P. aeruginosawas more resistant to high concentrations of extract (90%) thanS. aureus. Ethanolic extracts of the brown leaves ofT. catappahad different antibacterial effects againstS. aureusandP. aeruginosa. The higher the concentration of extract, the wider the inhibition zone diameter for both bacteria.P. aeruginosawas more resistant to high concentrations of ethanolic extracts of the brown leaves ofT. catappa.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN TEMBELEKAN (Lantana camara Linn) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

Biocelebes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Gaby Maulida Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
One Way Anova

This study aimed to determine the effect of concentration ethanol extract from tembelakan leaf (Lantana camara Linn)  on bacteria growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Extraction was done by maceration using ethanol 96% and then separated using rotary evaporator. Antibacterial activity test of the ethanol extract by Well agar diffusion method. Variation in crude extract saponin used in this study was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and positive controls were used for comparison with Amoxicilin and Chloramphenicole concentration of 25 µg/mL and DMSO as a negative control. The results of antibacterial activity test is indicated by the formation of growth inhibitory region S. aureus and E. coli. The result of growth inhibitory regions was analyzed by One way ANOVA. One way ANOVA test results indicate that there are effects of ethanol extract concentration of tembelekan leaf (L. camara Linn) against S. aureus and E. coli. Effective concentration of ethanol extract tembelekan leaf (L. camara Linn) when compared with positive control to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli is at 25% with a relatively strong antibacterial activity. Test with phytochemicals screening method which is showed that tembelekan leaf contains the flavanoid, saponins, and tannins compounds as antibacterial

scholarly journals Phytochemical, HPLC Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Crude Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts for Some Medicinal Plant Flowers.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erian, N. S.; H. B. Hamed, A. Y. El-Khateeb & M. Farid
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Activity Complex

Methanolic and aqueous extracts of C. cardunculus, A. millefolium, C. officinalis, and M. chamomilla flowers were Phytochemical, Identification of polyphenols and flavonoids by HPLC, and also investigated for their antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtillis. The phytochemical was observed that crude methanolic and aqueous extracts of investigated flowers the highest content from activity complex. HPLC analysis identified eighteen polyphenolic compounds as authentic samples namely: Gallic acid, pyrogallol, 4-amino benzoic, protocatechuic, cataehein, chlorogenic, catechol, e.picatechen, caffien, p.oh.benzoic, caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, ellagic, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, coumarin and cinnamic acid. While, flavonoid compounds its eleven compounds as authentic samples namely: narengin, rutin, hisperdin, romarinic, quereitrin, quereetrin, narenginin, kampferol, luteolin, hispertin, and 7-Hydoxyflavon. The methanolic extracts of C. officinalis and M. chamomilla flowers produced the highest growth inhibition (43.88 and 42.11%) for against B. subtillis at 6 mg/ml, While, the aqueous extracts of C. officinalis and M. chamomilla flowers produced the highest growth inhibition (29.99 and 29.22 %) for against Bacillus subtillis at 6 mg/ml. Moreover, the C. officinalis and C. cardunculus flowers extract produced the highest growth inhibition for methanolic and aqueous extracts of against Escherichia coli at 6 mg/ml.  

scholarly journals SUBSTANSI ANTIBAKTERI JAMUR ENDOFIT PADA LAMUN ASAL PERAIRAN TONGKAINA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Galih Prasetyo ◽  
Remmy Mangindaan ◽  
Robert Antonius Bara
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Rice Medium ◽  
Partition Process

Seagrass is a part of Phanerogamae, commonly has a symbiotic relationship with microbial endophytes. The types of microbes those have ability to produce bioactive compounds with potentially exploited for medical, agriculture and industrial purposes. Antibacterial testing using the modified Kirby-Bauer method. The fungi show a strong antibiotic activity which cultivated statically and Staphylococcus aureus was induced in rice medium for 10 days. The purpose of inducing bacteria to the culture is to stimulate a strong antibiotic activity through Silence Biosynthesis Pathway. Fungal isolates were macerated with 96% of ethanol for 24 hours. Partition process was performed by adding solvents (ethyl acetate, n-hexane, ethanol and water) to get n-hexane, ethanol and water fractions. All fractions were tested their activity against clinical isolates bacteria S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Ten fungal endophytes were isolated from seagrass Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides. Two isolates derived from the leaf of both seagrass specimens (E.D.1 and Th.D.1) showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus only. Antibacterial activity test of each fraction both active isolates show in water and ethanol fractions. This indicates the active antibacterial compounds of both endophytic fungi have semi-polar and polar characteristics. However, bacterial induction has no effect on their antibacterial activity.Keywords : Endophytic fungi, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, antibacterial activity Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Lamun merupakan tanaman tingkat tinggi yang mempunyai hubungan simbiosis dengan mikroba jamur endofit. Mikroba endofit ini mempunyai kemampuan untuk memproduksi senyawa-senyawa bioaktif dengan potensi yang besar untuk dieksploitasi dan menghasilkan yang bermanfaat di bidang medis, pertanian, dan industri. Isolasi jamur dilakukan mengacu pada penelitian Bara et al (2013). Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan berdasarkan metode Kirby-Bauer yang dimodifikasi. Jamur memperlihatkan aktivitas antibiotik yang kuat dikultivasi statis dan di induksikan bakteri S. aureus dalam media nasi selama 10 hari. Tujuan pemberian bakteri pada kultur yaitu untuk memicu adanya aktivitas antibiotik yang lebih kuat melalui jalur biosintesis senyap (Silence Biosintethic Pathway) pada jamur tersebut. Isolat jamur di maserasi dengan menambahkan etanol 96% selama 24 jam. Proses partisi dengan menambahkan pelarut (etil asetat, n-heksan, etanol dan air) untuk memperoleh fraksi n-heksan, etanol dan air. Tiap fraksi diuji kembali aktivitas antibiotiknya pada bakteri S. aureus dan Escherichia coli. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh sepuluh isolat jamur dari lamun T. hemprichii dan E. acoroides. Dua isolat daun (E.D.1 dan Th.D.1) menunjukkan aktivitas yang kuat terhadap bakteri S. aureus. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri tiap fraksi kedua isolat jamur memperlihatkan fraksi air dan etanol yang menunjukkan aktivitas penghambat. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa senyawa aktif antibakteri kedua jamur endofit berisfat semi polar dan polar. Induksi bakteri tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap aktivitas antibakteri.Kata Kunci : jamur endofit, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, aktivitas antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects of Honey in Nigeria on Selected Diarrhoeagenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justinah F. John-Isa ◽  
Tinuola T. Adebolu ◽  
Victor O. Oyetayo
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Aims: This study is geared to evaluating honey as an alternative of conventional antibiotics to treat infections caused by the selected diarrhoeagenic bacteria. Place and duration of Study: Research laboratory of Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA), Ondo State, Nigeria between December 2017 to May 2018.  Methodology: Honey samples from ten (10) different locations in Nigeria were screened for possible antibacterial activity on both the clinical and typed cultures of the selected diarrhoeagenic bacteria; Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus using agar well diffusion method. Conventional antibiotics were used as control. Data obtained were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using XL-Start, 2016 version. Results: All the honey samples used exerted growth inhibitory activity on all the test bacteria including the ones that were resistant to the conventional antibiotics (Ofloxacin and augmentin) used as control. In some cases, the growth inhibitions mediated by the honey samples were superior to that of the conventional antibiotics. Conclusion: This study showed that honey has antibacterial activity against the selected bacteria and therefore can be exploited as an alternative to conventional antibiotics to treat infections caused by the selected diarrhoeagenic bacteria especially the ones that were resistant to conventional antibiotics.

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