PHYSIOLOGY OF ALKALOID PRODUCTION BY CLAVICEPS PURPUREA (FR.) TUL. CORRELATION WITH CHANGES IN MYCELIAL POLYOL, CARBOHYDRATE, LIPID, AND PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Taber ◽  
L. C. Vining
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Alkaloid Synthesis ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Late Growth ◽  
Water Extractable ◽  
Extractable Nitrogen

Production of ergot alkaloids by cultures of Claviceps purpurea was regulated by altering single experimental variables and the pattern of changes in mycelial constituents examined. Cultures which produced alkaloid ceased to accumulate polyols, carbohydrate, and lipid in the mycelium just prior to the onset of alkaloid synthesis whereas the concentration of water-extractable nitrogen and ribonucleic acid remained high or increased. Cultures which failed to produce alkaloid continued to accumulate carbohydrate, polyols, and lipid, but not nitrogenous constituents in the mycelium throughout the late growth phase. The differences between producing and non-producing cultures were consistent irrespective of method used to control the formation of alkaloid. The results suggest that production occurs only under conditions where the accumulation of certain non-nitrogenous cell components has ceased. No consistent correlation was observed between alkaloid production and changes in condensed inorganic phosphate or orthophosphate in the mycelium.

SOME ASPECTS OF PHOSPHATE METABOLISM OF CLAVICEPS PURPUREA (FR.) TUL.: II. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUCLEIC ACIDS SYNTHESIS AND ERGOT ALKALOID PRODUCTION

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. de Waart
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Insoluble Phosphate

A study was made of the distribution of the phosphorus-containing compounds in the phosphate pool of stationary cultures of Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. Exogenous KH2PO4 was mainly converted to ribonucleic acid. Conditions favorable to increased nucleic acid synthesis increased the yield of ergot alkaloids. The proportion of nucleic acid and acid-insoluble phosphate fraction appeared to be an important factor influencing the ergot alkaloid production.

ChemInform Abstract: Fructosylation of Ergot Alkaloids by Submerged Cultures of Claviceps purpurea Inhibited in Alkaloid Production.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (30) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
V. KREN ◽  
A. SVATOS ◽  
T. VAISAR ◽  
V. HAVLICEK ◽  
P. SEDMERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Submerged Cultures

scholarly journals Links Between Genetic Groups, Host Specificity, and Ergot-Alkaloid Profiles within Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. on Slovenian Grasses

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 1334-1340
Author(s):  
Matevž Likar ◽  
Marjana Grandič ◽  
Breda Jakovac Strajn ◽  
Katarina Kos ◽  
Franci Aco Celar
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Alkaloid Composition ◽  
Genetic Groups

In the present study, the genetic relationships and ergot-alkaloid production of the fungus Claviceps purpurea on grasses were investigated, to determine any associations between grass host specificity, ergot-alkaloid production, and geographic origin. C. purpurea sclerotia were obtained from wild and cultivated grasses along a 300-km climatic gradient, from sub-Mediterranean to continental climates. Twenty-one infected grass samples provided 39 sclerotia for analysis of the ergot alkaloids ergometrine, ergosine, ergotamine, ergocornine, ergocryptine, and ergocristine, and their “-inine” epimers, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. C. purpurea ribosomal DNA underwent molecular classification to determine any grass host or geographic specificity of ergot-alkaloid composition for the different operational taxonomic units. Molecular analysis of sclerotia ribosomal DNA showed three genetic groups, with some associations with specific grass host taxonomic groups. The ergot-alkaloid composition data were in agreement with the data obtained by molecular methods. The most frequent ergot-alkaloid epimers were ergocristine, and ergosine. The total ergot-alkaloid concentrations in sclerotia varied from 59 to 4,200 mg kg–1, which corresponds to 0.059 to 4.2 mg kg–1 in animal feed (assuming ergot alkaloids at 1,000 mg kg–1 sclerotia). Therefore, grasses can be associated with significant levels of ergot alkaloids. In addition, the ergot-alkaloid compositions of C. purpurea sclerotia can be different for infections with different C. purpurea genetic groups, because these show different ergot-alkaloid compositions.

Mycotoxins – Their Biosynthesis in Fungi: Ergot Alkaloids

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES E. ROBBERS
Keyword(s):  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Alkaloid Synthesis ◽  
Significant Phenomenon

Biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids is discussed from the standpoint of biosynthetic precursors and intermediates as well as known biosynthetic mechanisms. Emphasis is given to work concerning regulation of alkaloid production, including the role of tryptophan as an inducer of alkaloid synthesis. A postulation is proposed to explain the significance of induction in terms of evolution and survival of the organism which also takes into account the finding that the biosynthesis of tryptophan is under regulatory control in the fungal strain which was investigated. Recent studies using protoplasts of ergot have also shown that endproduct regulation of alkaloid synthesis may be a significant phenomenon.

scholarly journals Ergot Alkaloids in Wheat and Rye Derived Products in Italy

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Debegnach ◽  
Simona Patriarca ◽  
Carlo Brera ◽  
Emanuela Gregori ◽  
Elisa Sonego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Eu Commission ◽  
Ongoing Monitoring ◽  
The Eu

Genus Claviceps is a plant pathogen able to produce a group of toxins, ergot alkaloids (EAs), whose effects have been known since the Middle Ages (ergotism). Claviceps purpurea is the most important representative specie, known to infect more than 400 monocotyledonous plants including economically important cereal grains (e.g., rye, wheat, triticale). EAs are not regulated as such. Maximum limits are in the pipeline of the EU Commission while at present ergot sclerotia content is set by the Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 in unprocessed cereals (0.05% as a maximum). This study aimed to investigate the presence of the six principal EAs (ergometrine, ergosine, ergocornine, α-ergocryptine, ergotamine and ergocristine) and their relative epimers (-inine forms) in rye- and wheat-based products. Of the samples, 85% resulted positive for at least one of the EAs. Wheat bread was the product with the highest number of positivity (56%), followed by wheat flour (26%). Rye and wheat bread samples showed the highest values when the sum of the EAs was considered, and durum wheat bread was the more contaminated sample (1142.6 μg/kg). These results suggest that ongoing monitoring of EAs in food products is critical until maximum limits are set.

scholarly journals Assessment of ergot (Claviceps purpurea) exposure in pregnant and postpartum beef cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Grusie ◽  
V. Cowan ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
J. McKinnon ◽  
B. Blakley
Keyword(s):  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
The Impact

Cows were fed ration for 9 wk containing 5, 48, 201, and 822 μg kg−1 ergot alkaloids. The objective was to evaluate the impact of ergot consumption in beef cow–calf operations. Ergot alkaloids up to 822 μg kg−1 did not alter the weight of peripartum and postpartum beef cows (P = 0.93) or nursing calves (P = 0.08), rectal temperature (P = 0.16), or plasma prolactin concentrations (P = 0.30) at moderate ambient temperatures. Ergot did not influence the time (>1 ng mL−1; P = 0.79) or the progesterone concentration (P = 0.38) at the time of first postpartum rise or the size of the first (14 ± 0.6 mm; P = 0.40) and second (13 ± 0.5 mm; P = 0.41) follicles to ovulate. The maximum size of the first postpartum corpus luteum (CL) was 4 mm larger in the 822 μg kg−1 ergot group compared with the control (P = 0.03) for the first ovulation post partum, but not for the second (P = 0.11). There was no effect of ergot exposure on the number of days until the appearance of the first (43 ± 4 d; P = 0.95) or second (52 ± 4 d; P = 0.98) CL post partum. Ergot alkaloid concentrations up to 822 μg kg−1 did not affect pregnancy rates (X2 = 0.36). In conclusion, ergot alkaloid exposure for 9 wk to concentrations as high as 822 μg kg−1 did not alter performance in pregnant and postpartum beef cattle at moderate ambient temperatures.

scholarly journals Alkaloid Production in Tissue Cultures of Papaver somniferum L. cv. Office-95

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esin Akçam Oluk
Keyword(s):  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Alkaloid Synthesis ◽  
Callus Tissues

The capacity of alkaloid synthesis was examined in embryogenic callus tissues of Turkish opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L cv. office-95. Eight months old cultures grown in hormone-free MS were examined for alkaloid content. They were found to produce codeine at a level of 1.2 x 10-2, the baine 2.5 x 10-3, noscapine 2.2 x 10-3, morphine 1.6 x 10-3 and papaverine 5.2 x 10-4 % FW.Key words: Papaver somniferum, Embryogenic callus, AlkaloidsDOI = 10.3329/ptcb.v16i1.1098Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 16(1): 1-4, 2006 (June)

Occurrence of ergot and its alkaloids in winter rye harvested in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bryła ◽  
E. Ksieniewicz-Woźniak ◽  
G. Podolska ◽  
A. Waśkiewicz ◽  
K. Szymczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Level Set ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Ergot (Claviceps purpurea) is a fungal pathogen that infects various grass and small grain cereal species, most often open-pollinated grasses, including rye and triticale. We tested 122 samples of rye grains harvested in three different regions of Poland in 2016 and 2017 for ergot and its alkaloids. Ergot sclerotia were found in all samples. The mean content of ergot sclerotia in grain ranged between 0.74 and 1.06 g/kg, and the mean concentration of ergot alkaloids in grain ranged between 270.1 and 580. 4 μg/kg, depending on the region of cultivation. 37% of the samples were infected with ergot below the 0.5 g/kg level set by the European Commission as the maximum permissible level for ergot, and in those samples the mean ergot alkaloids concentration was 155.8 μg/kg (range 4.7-667.9 μg/kg). A statistically significant correlation (R2=0.6941) between ergot content and concentration of ergot alkaloids was found. Ergot alkaloids concentration in grain was re-calculated into ergot alkaloids concentration in sclerotia, and was found to vary widely from 114 to 3,167 mg/kg. Ergot alkaloids profiles were most frequently dominated by R-configured ergopeptides, such as ergocryptine, ergocornine and ergocristine (31, 29 and 16% of the samples, respectively).

Overexpression of Trp-related genes in Claviceps purpurea leading to increased ergot alkaloid production

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Michaela Králová ◽  
Jitka Frébortová ◽  
Aleš Pěnčík ◽  
Ivo Frébort
Keyword(s):  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Alkaloid Production
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