COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME ORGANIC AMENDMENTS AND FUNGICIDES IN REDUCING ACTIVITY AND SURVIVAL OF RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI IN SOIL

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Papavizas ◽  
C. B. Davey ◽  
R. S. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
N Content ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Reducing Activity

Cellulose powder, oat straw, and soybean hay enriched with NH4NO3 to produce C/N ratios of 60, 30, and 10, respectively, were just as effective as the fungicide PCNB and more effective than the fungicides H 3944 and CP 30249 in reducing the saprophytic activity of Rhizoctonia solani in artificially infested non-sterilized soils 4 weeks after incorporation. One week after incorporation only oat straw and the three fungicides at 50 and 100 p.p.mf. of the active ingredient reduced R. solani activity appreciably. The effectiveness of CP 30249 and PCNB in reducing the saprophytic activity of 5 R. solani clones in soil depended on the fungicide and inoculum concentrations and on the different sensitivities of the clones. Oat straw with C/N ratios of 30 and 80 was more effective in reducing the survival of R. solani in precolonized substrate segments than oat straw with C/N ratio 10 and PCNB at 25 and 50 p.p.m. High decolonizing ability of oat straw with low N content was associated with increased numbers of actinomycetes and bacteria in soil. The sensitivity of R. solani to amendment decomposition and fungicidal action was greater before the fungus saprophytically colonized the substrate than after it became established within the substrate.

scholarly journals Management of Black Scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) of Potato through Organic Approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Singh ◽  
Vikee M. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Diseased Tuber ◽  
Tuber Treatment

Black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) disease of potato is becoming prominent in many potato growing districts of Gujarat state which reduce quality and market value of the produce, resulting in economic losses. The field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2014-15 in naturally infested field with scurf pathogen at Potato Research Station, S.D. Agricultural University, Deesa (Gujarat) with the objective to find out suitable management strategies for black scurf through organic approaches (bio-agents and organic amendments). Among different bio-agents (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis) tested against black scurf, the tuber treatment with 2 per cent boric acid spray along with tuber treatment with T. viride @ 10 g/kg seed before sowing recorded the lowest disease incidence (15.33 %) and index (0.38) with highest total tuber yield (324.68 q/ha) with maximum income `2,57,414/ha. When price computed with healthy and diseased tuber yield among treatments, the maximum income variation was (`92,986/ha) recorded by the same treatment followed by the tuber treatment with 3 % boric acid spray before sowing (`68,440/ha). In case of various organic amendments tested, soil application of mustard cake @ 10 q/ha registered minimum disease incidence (37.33 %) and disease index (0.66) as compared to rest of the organic treatment with highest total tuber yield (`327.20 q/ha) with maximum income `2,65,010/ha. When price computed with healthy and diseased tuber yield among treatments, the maximum income variation was (`1,12,990/ha) recorded by the same treatment followed by the neem cake @ 10 q/ha (`56,660/ha). These organic treatments can provide an effective and economical management of black scurf of potato for cultivaters.

The Use of Oat Straw Cellulose Powder i n Composition of Rubbers of Limit Swelling for Seal Articles

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
E.N. Cherezova ◽  
Yu.S. Karaseva ◽  
Kh.S.M. Abdelrekhim Abdalla ◽  
K.A. Momzyakova
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Oat Straw

SURVIVAL OF SINGLE-BASIDIOSPORE ISOLATES OF RHIZOCTONIA PRATICOLA AND RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Papavizas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Unamended Soil ◽  
Parent Culture ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Rhizoctonia Praticola ◽  
Rate Of Decline

Twenty randomly selected single-basidiospore isolates from each of Rhizoctonia praticola and R. solani differed considerably in their tolerance to CO2, competitive saprophytic activity, and ability to survive within precolonized substrate segments incubated in soils with or without pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) or oat straw. With a few exceptions, isolates possessing high saprophytic activity also possessed high tolerance to CO2 and high surviving ability in precolonized substrate. Several single-spore isolates of R. solani possessed higher ability for saprophytic survival in organic matter and lower CO2-sensitivity than their parent culture. Survival of single-basidiospore isolates in precolonized substrate segments was greater in unamended soil or soil amended with oat straw than in soil treated with PCNB. Mature oat straw reduced surviving ability of several isolates, whereas it increased surviving ability of others above that observed in unamended soil. The isolates whose surviving ability was increased by oat straw were mostly those possessing high saprophytic activity in unamended soil. Saprophytic activity and virulence of all isolates tested declined with time. Rate of decline of virulence was much more rapid for weak than strong saprophytes.

EFFECT OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON RHIZOCTONIA AND ACCOMPANYING MICROFLORA IN SOIL

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Henis ◽  
B. Sneh ◽  
J. Katan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Infection Index ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Period Decrease

The effect of oat straw, green bean plants, and cellulose on the infection index and saprophytic activity of Rhizoctonia, and the effect of chitin, N-supplemented oat straw, and green cotton plants on the infection index, saprophytic activity, and soil microflora was tested. A modified method for counting Rhizoctonia-antagonistic bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi was developed. A relationship between efficiency of the amendments in decreasing infection index and in suppressing the saprophytic activity of Rhizoctonia was observed at the end of the experimental period. Decrease in infection index and saprophytic activity was accompanied by increase in counts of general and antagonistic soil microorganisms. This increase was especially pronounced in chitin-amended soil. The possible mechanism of the biological control of Rhizoctonia by chitin is discussed.

scholarly journals Chitin- and keratin-rich soil amendments suppress Rhizoctonia solani disease via changes to the soil microbial community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Andreo-Jimenez ◽  
Mirjam T. Schilder ◽  
Els H. Nijhuis ◽  
Dennis E. te Beest ◽  
Jaap Bloem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial

Enhancing soil suppressiveness against plant pathogens or pests is a promising alternative strategy to chemical pesticides. Organic amendments have been shown to reduce crop diseases and pests, with chitin products the most efficient against fungal pathogens. To study what organic products characteristics are correlated with disease suppression, an experiment was designed where ten types of organic amendments with different physico-chemical properties were tested against the soil borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani in sugar beet seedlings. Organic amendments rich in keratin or chitin reduced Rhizoctonia solani disease symptoms in sugar beet plants. The bacterial and fungal microbial communities in amended soils were distinct from the microbial communities in non-amended soil, as well as in soils that received other non-suppressive treatments. The Rhizoctonia-suppressive amended soils were rich in saprophytic bacteria and fungi that are known for their keratinolytic and chitinolytic properties (i.e., Oxalobacteraceae and Mortierellaceae). The microbial community in keratin- and chitin-amended soils was associated with higher zinc, and copper and selenium respectively. Importance Our results highlight the importance of soil microorganisms in plant disease suppression and the possibility to steer the soil microbial community composition by applying organic amendments to the soil.

scholarly journals Trichoderma harzianum-Mediated ZnO Nanoparticles: A Green Tool for Controlling Soil-Borne Pathogens in Cotton

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Shimaa A. Zaki ◽  
Salama A. Ouf ◽  
Fawziah M. Albarakaty ◽  
Marian M. Habeb ◽  
Aly A. Aly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Fusarium Sp

ZnO-based nanomaterials have high antifungal effects, such as inhibition of growth and reproduction of some pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina. Therefore, we report the extracellular synthesis of ZnONPs using a potential fungal antagonist (Trichoderma harzianum). ZnONPs were then characterized for their size, shape, charge and composition by visual analysis, UV–visible spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The TEM test confirmed that the size of the produced ZnONPs was 8–23 nm. The green synthesized ZnONPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies to reveal the functional group attributed to the formation of ZnONPs. For the first time, trichogenic ZnONPs were shown to have fungicidal action against three soil–cotton pathogenic fungi in the laboratory and greenhouse. An antifungal examination was used to evaluate the bioactivity of the mycogenic ZnONPs in addition to two chemical fungicides (Moncut and Maxim XL) against three soil-borne pathogens, including Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina. The findings of this study show a novel fungicidal activity in in vitro assay for complete inhibition of fungal growth of tested plant pathogenic fungi, as well as a considerable reduction in cotton seedling disease symptoms under greenhouse conditions. The formulation of a trichogenic ZnONPs form was found to increase its antifungal effect significantly. Finally, the utilization of biocontrol agents, such as T. harzianum, could be a safe strategy for the synthesis of a medium-scale of ZnONPs and employ it for fungal disease control in cotton.

Symbiotic Effectivity of Four Phaseolus vulgaris Genotypes after Inoculation with Different Strains of Rhizobium under Controlled Conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Epping ◽  
Alexander P. Hansen ◽  
Bahman Djalali ◽  
Peter Martin
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Acetylene Reducing Activity ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract Four varieties of P. vulgaris L. were tested for their symbiotic nitrogen fixation effectivity in combination with nine different strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli and Rhizobium tropici. Plants were grown under controlled conditions and harvested 23 days after planting. Acetylene reducing activity, total N-content and dry weight of individual plant components were determined. Significant differences due to plant x bacterium interaction were assessed by ANOVA, especially for the total nodule mass per plant and the acetylene reducing activity per nodule dry weight. Data for acetylene reducing activity per plant correlated highly with the corresponding data for the total N-content. The comparison of the total N-content in symbiotically grown plants, lacking supply of mineral N, with plants luxuriously supplied with mineral N (relative N-accumulation rate) revealed high values (between 60% and 70% of maximal N-uptake) for some symbiotically active plant/bacterium combinations for this early developmental stage of the symbiosis N2 fixation potential for such symbioses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document