COLIFORM BACTERIA IN SEA WATER AND SHELLFISH: II. THE E. C. CONFIRMATION TEST FOR ESCHERICHIA COLI

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Tennant ◽  
J. E. Reid ◽  
L. J. Rockwell ◽  
E. T. Bynoe
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Confirmation Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Cultures

Recently there has been considerable interest in Canada and the United States in the development of an effective, simple test for the estimation of Escherichia coli densities in shellfish and shellfish-growing waters as a better indication of "faecal" pollution than that provided by the coliform group. The fidelity of the E.C. confirmation test for the determination of E. coli densities was evaluated in 15 shellfish-growing areas which were classified as "polluted" or "unpolluted" according to generally accepted criteria. Coliform strains were isolated from 2765 E.C. gas positive confirmation test cultures and identified by IMViC tests. The mean fidelity of the test, as an indication of the presence of E. coli, was circa 90 per cent; contrary to expectations, however, the per cent recovery of E. coli was higher in unpolluted areas than in polluted areas, and varied considerably from region to region. Aerobacter aerogenes types I and II were the most common other E.C. gas positive coliform biotypes found. The usefulness of the confirmation test and the sanitary significance of these data are discussed.

scholarly journals Multiplex Fluorogenic Real-Time PCR for Detection and Quantification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Dairy Wastewater Wetlands

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 4853-4862 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mark Ibekwe ◽  
Pamela M. Watt ◽  
Catherine M. Grieve ◽  
Vijay K. Sharma ◽  
Steven R. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Plate Counts

ABSTRACT Surface water and groundwater are continuously used as sources of drinking water in many metropolitan areas of the United States. The quality of water from these sources may be reduced due to increases in contaminants such as Escherichia coli from urban and agricultural runoffs. In this study, a multiplex fluorogenic PCR assay was used to quantify E. coli O157:H7 in soil, manure, cow and calf feces, and dairy wastewater in an artificial wetland. Primers and probes were designed to amplify and quantify the Shiga-like toxin 1 (stx1) and 2 (stx2) genes and the intimin (eae) gene of E. coli O157:H7 in a single reaction. Primer specificity was confirmed with DNA from 33 E. coli O157:H7 and related strains with and without the three genes. A direct correlation was determined between the fluorescence threshold cycle (CT ) and the starting quantity of E. coli O157:H7 DNA. A similar correlation was observed between the CT and number of CFU per milliliter used in the PCR assay. A detection limit of 7.9 × 10−5 pg of E. coli O157:H7 DNA ml−1 equivalent to approximately 6.4 × 103 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 ml−1 based on plate counts was determined. Quantification of E. coli O157:H7 in soil, manure, feces, and wastewater was possible when cell numbers were ≥3.5 × 104 CFU g−1. E. coli O157:H7 levels detected in wetland samples decreased by about 2 logs between wetland influents and effluents. The detection limit of the assay in soil was improved to less than 10 CFU g−1 with a 16-h enrichment. These results indicate that the developed PCR assay is suitable for quantitative determination of E. coli O157:H7 in environmental samples and represents a considerable advancement in pathogen quantification in different ecosystems.

scholarly journals ANALISIS BAKTERI Escherichia coli PADA MAKANAN SIAP SAJI DI KANTIN RUMAH SAKIT X DAN KANTIN RUMAH SAKIT Y

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inggit Saridewi ◽  
Arief Pambudi ◽  
Yulia Fitria Ningrum
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Test ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Confirmation Test ◽  
Equipment Utilization

The increasing human activity makes the preference for fast food increases. However, some people do not pay attention to the hygiene conditions of food processed from food stalls. Food handlers, equipment utilization, food processing, clean water, and the packaging are the critical points of bacterial contamination. Escherichia coli is a bacterium that usually used as the indicator of food hygiene. The objective of this study is to examine the contamination of coliform bacteria, especially E. coli at two hospital cafeteria by using MPN method and questionnaire regarding the implementation of the basic principles of hygiene. Stages of tests performed that are the presumption test, confirmation test, complementary test, gram stain test, biochemical test IMViC and supported by a questionnaire. From the two locations tested, some samples showed positive result in a presumption test and confirmation test but negatively complementary to biochemical test. This indicates that the sample does not contain E. coli bacteria in food, but there is the possibility of Citrobacter. The negative results of the IMVIC test showed that it is possible bacteria found in the presumption test and confirmation test not E. coli and non-pathogenic bacteria. Based on the results of the questionnaire, most of restaurant owner has understood to served food. Food at the hospital X and Y cafetaria are safe to consume because it has a negative E.coli.

Detection, Isolation, and Characterization of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli in Flour

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK KINDLE ◽  
MAGDALENA NÜESCH-INDERBINEN ◽  
NICOLE CERNELA ◽  
ROGER STEPHAN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

ABSTRACT Wheat flour has recently been described as a novel vehicle for transmission of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Very recently, an outbreak of STEC O121 and STEC O26 infections was linked to flour in the United States. The aim of the present study was to generate baseline data for the occurrence of STEC in flour samples from different retailers in Switzerland. In total, 70 flour samples were analyzed. After enrichment, the samples were screened for stx1 and stx2 by the Assurance GDS MPX ID assay. STEC strains were isolated and serotyped by the E. coli SeroGenoTyping AS-1 kit. The determination of stx subtypes was performed with conventional PCR amplification. Screening for eae, aggR, elt, and estIa/Ib was performed by real-time PCR. Nine (12.9%) of the flour samples tested positive for stx by PCR. STEC was recovered from eight (88.9%) of the positive samples. Two isolates were STEC O11:H48 harboring stx1c/stx1d, two were O146:H28 containing stx2b, one was O103:H2 containing stx1a and eae, and three were O nontypeable: Ont:H12 (stx2a), Ont:H14 (stx2a/stx2g), and Ont:H31 (stx1c/stx1d). STEC O103 belongs to the “top five” serogroups of human pathogenic STEC in the European Union, and STEC O146 is frequently isolated from diseased humans in Switzerland. Our results show that flour may be contaminated with a variety of STEC serogroups. Consumption of raw or undercooked flour may constitute a risk for STEC infection.

scholarly journals MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY OF STREET FOODSAROUND THE VICINITY OF LSPU - SCCREGINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Regina E. Gloria ◽  
◽  
Ph. D Mary Jane D. Fuentes ◽  
DPA Zenaida O. Vitasa Ed. D. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
A Value ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

Knowing the number of pathogenic microbes in the street foods such as Escherichia coli, coliform, and molds present in street foods around the vicinity of LSPU – SCC was the focused of the study. Determination of the quality of the street foods such as banana cue, kikiam, kwek – kwek, minane, and siomai of which has a high level of safety in the street food around the vicinity of LSPU – SCC were considered. This study utilized the Descriptive research design and the mean in testing and gathering of data. The results reveled that all the street foods tested were safe from E. coli with the mean of ocfu/g and all at lss than 10 cfu/g or 0 count which gathered Satisfactory remarks. However, the findings revealed that the banana cue, minane and siomai were safe from coliform while kwek and kikiam were not with a value of 2800 cfu/g. In addition, all the street foods tested were safe from molds and the total mean of all the microbes present were 987.47 cfu/g which means that the street foods were Unsatisfactory level with 100cfu/g and above count and revealed that only banana cue, minane, and siomai are safe for human consumption while large amount of microbes were found in kikiam, and kwek -kwek which means that they are not safe for human and may cause disease.

scholarly journals Determination of antimicrobial activity of some 1,2,4-triazole derivatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. M. Alrawashdeh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Compound Ii ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Test Cultures

We carried out MIC of the derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole II (4-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methyleneamino)-1-propyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolium bromide) and I (N-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)-4H-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolidium chloride) against Escherichia coli ATCC 3912/4 and E. coli k88ad, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and S. aureus k99, Klebsiella pneumonia k56 and Salmonella typhimurium 144, S. enteritidis. All test cultures were sensitive to compound II at concentrations of 1,25–0,039 μg/ml. Similar MIC (0,039 μg/ml) of compounds II and I were set for E. coli k88a and S. aureus k99 test cultures – 0,156 μg/ml. Only S. aureus ATCC 25923 and K. pneumonia k56 had sensitivity to ceftriaxone (MIC = 0,097 μg/ml). Antiviral activity of Trifuzol (piperidine 2-[5-(furan-2-il)-4-phenil-1,2,4-triazol-3-ilthio]acetate) and avistim (morpholines 3-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazolil-5-thioacetate) against the chicken infectious bronchitis virus (VIB) strain 4/91 was characterized by a decrease in mortality and pathological changes of chicken embryos (CE) which were induced by the virus. Death of infected CE provoked by the strain 4/91 of VIB in dilution 10–3 occurred at 57.1%. The reduction in the percentage of deaths of CE infected by the virus in dilution 10–3 in the presence of Avistim was 28.6%, and with Trifuzol 14.3%. The use of avistim and Trifuzol compounds reduced VIB infectious activity when it was cultivated in CE, reducing the titre of the virus (strain 4/91) by 3 lg EID 50 cm–3.

Bacteriophages reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 levels in experimentally inoculated sheep

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Bach ◽  
R P Johnson ◽  
K. Stanford ◽  
T A McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Oral Inoculation ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
And Control

Bacteriophage biocontrol has potential as a means of mitigating the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ruminants. The efficacy of oral administration of bacteriophages for reducing fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by sheep was evaluated using 20 Canadian Arcott rams (50.0 ± 3.0) housed in four rooms (n = 5) in a contained facility. The rams had ad libitum access to drinking water and a pelleted barley-based total mixed ration, delivered once daily. Experimental treatments consisted of administration of E. coli O157:H7 (O157), E. coli O157:H7+bacteriophages (O157+phage), bacteriophages (phage), and control (CON). Oral inoculation of the rams with 109 CFU of a mixture of four nalidixic acid-resistant strains of E. coli O157:H7 was performed on day 0. A mixture of 1010 PFU of bacteriophages P5, P8 and P11 was administered on days -2, -1, 0, 6 and 7. Fecal samples collected on 14 occasions over 21 d were analyzed for E. coli O157:H7, total E. coli, total coliforms and bacteriophages. Sheep in treatment O157+phage shed fewer (P < 0.05) E. coli O157:H7 than did sheep in treatment O157. Populations of total coliforms and total E. coli were similar (P < 0.05) among treatments, implying that bacteriophage lysis of non-target E. coli and coliform bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract did not occur. Bacteriophage numbers declined rapidly over 21 d, which likely reduced the chance of collision between bacteria and bacteriophage. Oral administration of bacteriophages reduced shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by sheep, but a delivery system that would protect bacteriophages during passage through the intestine may increase the effectiveness of this strategy as well as allow phage to be administered in the feed.Key words: Escherichia coli O157:H7, bacteriophage, sheep, environment, coliforms

Potential Public Health Significance of Non-Escherichia coli Coliforms in Food

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT M. TWEDT ◽  
BRENDA K. BOUTIN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Health Significance

Several coliform species other than Escherichia coli are often associated with and possibly responsible for acute and chronic diarrheal disease. Recent evidence suggests that non-Escherichia coli coliforms may be capable of colonizing the human intestine and producing enterotoxin(s) in high-yield. Whether these organisms are newly capable of causing disease because of infestation with extrachromosomal factors mediating pathogenicity or simply because of inherent pathogenic capabilities that have gone unrecognized, they pose a potential health hazard. Food, medical, and public health microbiologists should be aware that the non-E. coli coliforms contaminating foods may be potential enteropathogens. This possibility may make determination of their pathogenic capabilities even more important than identification of their taxonomic characteristics.

Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Other Coliforms in Commercial Mayonnaise and Refrigerated Salad Dressing

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERROL V. RAGHUBEER ◽  
JIM S. KE ◽  
MICHAEL L. CAMPBELL ◽  
RICHARD S. MEYER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Salad Dressing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Survival Pattern ◽  
High Level

Commercial mayonnaise and refrigerated ranch salad dressing were inoculated at two levels with two strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7, a non-pathogenic E. coli, and the non-fecal coliform Enterobacter aerogenes. Results showed that at the high inoculation level (&gt;106 colony forming units [CFU]/g) in mayonnaise stored at room temperature (ca. 22°C) both strains of O157:H7 were undetected at 96 h. At the high inoculation level, all strains of coliform bacteria tested survived longer in salad dressing stored at 4°C than in mayonnaise stored at 22°C. The O157:H7 strains were still present at low levels after 17 days. The survival time in the low-level inoculum (104CFU/g) study decreased, but the survival pattern in the two products was similar to that observed in the high-level inoculum study. Slight differences in survival among strains were observed. The greater antimicrobial effect of mayonnaise may be attributable to differences in pH, water activity (aw), nutrients, storage temperature, and the presence of lysozyme in the whole eggs used in the production of commercial mayonnaise. Coliform bacteria survived longer in refrigerated salad dressing than in mayonnaise particularly at the high-level inoculum. Both mayonnaise (pH 3.91) and salad dressing (pH 4.51) did not support the growth of any of the microorganisms even though survival was observed.

Introduction to the Food Safety Concerns of Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein S. Hussein ◽  
Stanley T. Omaye
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne

Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) have emerged in the past two decades as food-borne pathogens that can cause major outbreaks of human illnesses worldwide. The number of outbreaks has increased in recent years due to changes in food production and processing systems, eating habits, microbial adaptation, and methods of VTEC transmission. The human illnesses range from mild diarrhea to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) that can lead to death. The VTEC outbreaks have been attributed to O157:H7 and non-O157:H7 serotypes of E. coli. These E. coli serotypes include motile (e.g., O26:H11 and O104:H21) and nonmotile (e.g., O111:H–,0145:H–, and O157:H–) strains. In the United States, E. coli O157:H7 has been the major cause of VTEC outbreaks. Worldwide, however, non-O157:H7 VTEC (e.g., members of the 026, O103, O111, O118, O145, and O166 serogroups) have caused approximately 30% of the HUS cases in the past decade. Because large numbers of the VTEC outbreaks have been attributed to consumption of ruminant products (e.g., ground beef), cattle and sheep are considered reservoirs of these food-borne pathogens. Because of the food safety concern of VTEC, a global perspective on this problem is addressed (Exp Biol Med Vol. 228, No. 4). The first objective was to evaluate the known non-O157:H7 VTEC strains and the limitations associated with their detection and characterization. The second objective was to identify the VTEC serotypes associated with outbreaks of human illnesses and to provide critical evaluation of their virulence. The third objective was to determine the rumen effect on survival of E. coli O157:H7 as a VTEC model. The fourth objective was to explore the role of intimins in promoting attaching and effacing lesions in humans. Finally, the ability of VTEC to cause persistent infections in cattle was evaluated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document