GROWTH REQUIREMENTS OF 94 STRAINS OF THERMOPHILIC BACILL

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Baker ◽  
O. Frank ◽  
I. Pasher ◽  
B. Black ◽  
S. H. Hutner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Methyl Donor ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The minimal nutritional requirements of 94 thermophilic strains of the species Bacillus stearothermophilus and B. coagulans, grown at 55 °C, were determined. Most strains had an absolute methionine requirement. Some strains synthesized methionine by means of a methyl donor (choline, betaine), a methyl acceptor (homocystine), and a methyl activator (vitamin B12). The effects of temperature as inducing variations in nutritional requirements are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Growth requirements of thermophilic aerobic microorganisms in mixed cultures for the treatment of strong wastes

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sürücü
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Thermophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Pure Cultures

The nutritional and temperature requirements of a naturally occurring mixed culture of thermophilic microorganisms were studied. Investigations concerning the effect of temperature on the growth characteristics of the mixed culture showed that the rate of growth was highest between 55 and 58°C. Furthermore, it was found that the minimal nutritional requirements for maximum growth of these microorganisms included methionine, magnesium, calcium, and the necessary carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus sources. It was shown that a mixed culture was nutritionally less fastidious than the pure cultures of individual organisms isolated from the mixed culture; this observation illustrated the possibility of symbiotic growth of thermophilic microorganisms insofar as meeting their individual nutritional requirements.

Comparative stability and growth requirements of S. aureus and faecal indicator bacteria in seawater

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Fujioka ◽  
T.M. Unutoa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Comparative Stability ◽  
Bactericidal Agent

The fate (stability, multiplication) of S. aureus, E. coli and E. faecalis was determined in three classes of recreational waters (seawater, estuarine, stream) supplemented with nutrients in the form of sewage and peptone. In the absence of sunlight (24±2 °C), all bacteria in all water samples did not multiply and were slowly (days) inactivated. When 50% sewage was added to all water samples, E. coli and E. faecalis multiplied but S. aureus did not. When peptone (0.05%, 0.5%) was the added nutrient, the three bacteria multiplied. In the presence of sunlight (15–27 °C), S. aureus was inactivated rapidly (hours) in all water samples. These results show that when their nutritional requirements are met, S. aureus, E. coli and E. faecalis can multiply in the high salinity conditions of seawater. However, under environmental conditions, sunlight is an effective natural bactericidal agent.

scholarly journals Serum Betaine and Dimethylglycine Are Higher in South Asian Compared with European Pregnant Women in Canada, with Betaine and Total Homocysteine Inversely Associated in Early and Midpregnancy, Independent of Ethnicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (12) ◽  
pp. 2145-2155
Author(s):  
Maria F Mujica-Coopman ◽  
Amy Tan ◽  
Theresa H Schroder ◽  
Graham Sinclair ◽  
Hilary D Vallance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
South Asian Women ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Methyl Donor ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Vitamin B 12

ABSTRACT Background As a methyl donor required in the folate–vitamin B-12 independent remethylation of total homocysteine (tHcy) to methionine, betaine is critical for fetal development. Pregnant South Asian women living in Canada had a higher reported prevalence of low vitamin B-12 status compared with Europeans; betaine concentrations in this population are unknown. Objectives We aimed to compare serum betaine concentrations between South Asian and European pregnant women, and to determine the relation between betaine and tHcy concentrations in early pregnancy. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using biobanked serum samples of 723 apparently healthy pregnant women of South Asian (50%) and European ethnicity residing in British Columbia, Canada. Betaine, dimethylglycine (DMG), tHcy, and related metabolites were quantified in samples collected in the first (8–13 weeks of gestation) and second (14–20 weeks of gestation) trimesters. The relation between betaine and tHcy concentrations was assessed using a generalized regression model adjusted for weeks of gestation, ethnicity, prepregnancy BMI, maternal age, neonatal sex, parity, total vitamin B-12, folate, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, and methionine concentrations. Results Median serum concentrations of betaine and its metabolite DMG were higher in South Asian women in the first (19.8 [IQR: 16.3–25.0] and 1.55 [IQR: 1.30–1.96] $\mu {\rm mol/L} $, respectively) and second trimesters (16.1 [IQR: 12.9–19.8] and 1.42 [IQR: 1.14–1.81] $\mu {\rm mol/L} $, respectively) compared with European women (17.6 [IQR: 13.7–22.6] and 1.38 [IQR: 1.12–1.77] $\mu {\rm mol/L} $, respectively) and (12.9 [IQR: 10.6–16.7] and 1.19 [IQR: 0.97–1.52] $\mu {\rm mol/L} $, respectively; all P values < 0.0001). Betaine was inversely associated with tHcy concentration (β = −0.0208; 95% CI: −0.0341, −0.00742; P = 0.002). Additionally, total vitamin B-12 was associated with tHcy concentration (β = −0.0312; 95% CI: −0.0401, −0.0224), after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions Pregnant South Asian women residing in Canada had higher betaine and DMG concentrations, compared with women of European ethnicity, while betaine and total vitamin B-12 predicted tHcy independent of ethnicity. Our results emphasize the role of betaine, as methyl donor, in the remethylation of tHcy in a folate-replete population.

MALIC ENZYME INDUCTION BY LACTIC ACID BACTERIA: I. A METHOD FOR THE STUDY OF NUTRITIONAL INTERACTIONS

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Deal ◽  
Herman C. Lichstein
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Enzyme Induction ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Lactobacillus Arabinosus

The nutritional requirements for the induction of malic enzyme by washed cellular suspensions of Lactobacillus arabinosus 17-5 have been found to be quite similar to the growth requirements for this organism. This similarity permits the use of the measure of rate and extent of malic enzyme synthesis as a tool for studying amino acid interactions and vitamin function.

scholarly journals Folic Acid Improves the Inflammatory Response in LPS-Activated THP-1 Macrophages

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirian Samblas ◽  
J. Alfredo Martínez ◽  
Fermín Milagro
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Methyl Donors ◽  
Methyl Donor ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Chemokine Ligand

DNA methylation has been suggested as a regulatory mechanism behind some inflammatory processes. The physiological actions of methyl donors, such as folic acid, choline, and vitamin B12 on inflammation-related disease have been associated with the synthesis of the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of folic acid, choline, vitamin B12, and a combination of all on preventing the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced inflammatory response in human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells. Folic acid and the mixture of methyl donors reduced interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) expression as well as protein secretion by these cells. Folic acid and choline decreased C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) mRNA levels. In addition to this, the methyl donor mixture reduced Cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) expression, but increased serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1) expression. All methyl donors increased methylation levels in CpGs located in IL1B, SERPINE1, and interleukin 18 (IL18) genes. However, TNF methylation was not modified. After treatment with folic acid and the methyl donor mixture, ChIP analysis showed no change in the binding affinity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to IL1B and TNF promoter regions after the treatment with folic acid and the methyl donor mixture. The findings of this study suggest that folic acid might contribute to the control of chronic inflammation in inflammatory-related disease.

COCHLIOBOLUS SATIVUS: VII. NUTRITIONAL CONTROL OF THE PATHOGENICITY OF SOME AUXOTROPHS TO WHEAT SEEDLINGS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Auxotrophic Mutants ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Common Parent

The pathogenicity of some strains of Cochliobolus sativus to wheat seedlings was determined. The strains comprised prototrophic and auxotrophic mutants from a common parent, heterokaryons synthesized from auxotrophs, diploids obtained from heterokaryons, and recombinants selected from a diploid.Prototrophic mutants and auxotrophs requiring thiamine, arginine, and pyridoxine were as pathogenic as the parent. Methionineless and lysineless mutants were non-pathogenic. Evidence that the nutritional requirements of the latter mutants directly controlled their pathogenicity was: (1) two methionineless and two lysineless auxotrophs were uniformly non-pathogenic; (2) heterokaryons synthesized from methionineless and lysineless strains and from two methionineless strains were pathogenic; (3) diploids heterozygous for the requirements were pathogenic; (4) prototrophic recombinants from a diploid were pathogenic but auxotrophic ones were non-pathogenic; (5) a prototrophic mutant of a lysineless auxotroph was pathogenic; and (6) the pathogenicity of the auxotrophs was temporarily restored when the appropriate growth requirements were provided as external supplements to the host. The results are discussed.

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