CAERULOMYCIN, A NEW ANTIBIOTIC FROM STREPTOMYCES CAERULEUS BALDACCI: I. PRODUCTION, ISOLATION, ASSAY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Funk ◽  
P. V. Divekar
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
Fresh Isolate

Streplomyces caeruleus has been shown to produce a hitherto unknown antibiotic to which the name caerulomycin has been given. This was first obtained from a fresh isolate (PRL 1687), and subsequently, after the strain had been identified, from an authentic culture of S. caeruleus. It was extracted from culture filtrates with ether and purified as a colorless crystalline amphoteric substance, C12H11O2N3, which inhibited the growth of some filamentous fungi and yeasts and had weak activity against certain bacteria.

scholarly journals Bioactive and Structural Metabolites of Pseudomonas and Burkholderia Species Causal Agents of Cultivated Mushrooms Diseases

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1177391X0800200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Andolfi ◽  
Alessio Cimmino ◽  
Pietro Lo Cantore ◽  
Nicola Sante Iacobellis ◽  
Antonio Evidente
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
White Line ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Burkholderia Gladioli ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Cultivated Mushrooms

Pseudomonas tolaasii, P. reactans and Burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola, are responsible of diseases on some species of cultivated mushrooms. The main bioactive metabolites produced by both Pseudomonas strains are the lipodepsipeptides (LDPs) tolaasin I and II and the so called White Line Inducing Principle (WLIP), respectively, LDPs which have been extensively studied for their role in the disease process and for their biological properties. In particular, their antimicrobial activity and the alteration of biological and model membranes (red blood cell and liposomes) was established. In the case of tolaasin I interaction with membranes was also related to the tridimensional structure in solution as determined by NMR combined with molecular dynamic calculation techniques. Recently, five news minor tolaasins, tolaasins A-E, were isolated from the culture filtrates of P. tolaasii and their chemical structure was determined by extensive use of NMR and MS spectroscopy. Furthermore, their antimicrobial activity was evaluated on target micro-organisms (fungi–-including the cultivated mushrooms Agaricus bisporus, Lentinus edodes, and Pleurotus spp.–-chromista, yeast and bacteria). The Gram positive bacteria resulted the most sensible and a significant structure-activity relationships was apparent. The isolation and structure determination of bioactive metabolites produced by B. gladioli pv. agaricicola are still in progress but preliminary results indicate their peptide nature. Furthermore, the exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the culture filtrates of B. gladioli pv. agaricicola, as well as the O-chain and lipid A, from the lipo-polysaccharide (LPS) of the three bacteria, were isolated and the structures determined.

scholarly journals Filamentous fungi isolated from grape marc as antagonists of Botrytis cinerea

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Jelena Jovicic-Petrovic ◽  
Ivana Stankovic ◽  
Aleksandra Bulajic ◽  
Branka Krstic ◽  
Dragan Kikovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Heat Sensitivity ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Culture Filtrates

In this paper we report on the isolation and identification of three filamentous fungi from grape marc, and antifungal effect of their cell-free culture filtrates on the growth of Botrytis cinerea, causal agent of gray mold. Grape marc is a waste material that has been used as soil amendment in sustainable agriculture. Isolates originating from grape marc were identified on the basis of morphological features and internal transcribed spacer rDNA or ?-tubulin gene sequencing. The presence of three different species, Penicillium paneum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus fumigatus has been detected expressing different effect on the growth of B. cinerea. The effect of crude culture filtrates of selected fungi on B. cinerea growth was tested. Heat sensitivity of the established inhibition effect was examined by autoclaving the crude culture filtrate prior to testing. Additional aim was to determine whether antifungal effect was influenced by previous exposure to B. cinerea in dual liquid cultures. Crude culture filtrate of A. fumigatus K16/2 showed the lowest suppression of B. cinerea growth. A maximal percentage inhibition achieved within the study was 38.2%, 39.8% and 23.8 for crude filtrates of P. paneum K7/1, P. chrysogenum K11/1 and A. fumigatus K16/2, respectively. Presence of B. cinerea in dual liquid culture induced significant increase in antifungal capacity of the culture filtrates in comparison to pure culture filtrates of the chosen isolates. The antifungal activity of all of the isolates? culture filtrates retained after heat treatment suggesting the presence of some thermostable antifungal metabolites. The results indicate the complexity and specificity of the interaction between filamentous fungi and B. cinerea. Grape marc is a good source for isolation od B. cinerea fungal antagonists and their antifungal metabolites. Specificity of fungal-fungal interactions suggests that further research on the antagonistic mechanisms and factors affecting them should be studied separately for each pair of antagonists.

Isolation, structural elucidation, biological properties, and biosynthesis of maleimycin, a new bicyclic maleimide antibiotic isolated from the culture filtrates of Streptomyces showdoensis. 14

Biochemistry ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4992-4997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich F. Elstner ◽  
Douglas M. Carnes ◽  
Robert J. Suhadolnik ◽  
George P. Kreishman ◽  
Martin P. Schweizer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Structural Elucidation ◽  
Culture Filtrates

scholarly journals Biotransformation of labdane and halimane diterpenoids by two filamentous fungi strains

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 170854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afif F. Monteiro ◽  
Cláudia Seidl ◽  
Vanessa G. P. Severino ◽  
Carmen Lúcia Cardoso ◽  
Ian Castro-Gamboa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Microbiological Transformation ◽  
Myrothecium Verrucaria ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Senna Spectabilis

Biotransformation of natural products by filamentous fungi is a powerful and effective approach to achieve derivatives with valuable new chemical and biological properties. Although diterpenoid substrates usually exhibit good susceptibility towards fungi enzymes, there have been no studies concerning the microbiological transformation of halimane-type diterpenoids up to now. In this work, we investigated the capability of Fusarium oxysporum (a fungus isolated from the rhizosphere of Senna spectabilis ) and Myrothecium verrucaria (an endophyte) to transform halimane ( 1 ) and labdane ( 2 ) acids isolated from Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Fabaceae). Feeding experiments resulted in the production of six derivatives, including hydroxy, oxo, formyl and carboxy analogues. Incubation of 1 with F. oxysporum afforded 2-oxo-derivative ( 3 ), while bioconversion with M. verrucaria provided 18,19-dihydroxy ( 4 ), 18-formyl ( 5 ) and 18-carboxy ( 6 ) bioproducts. Transformation of substrate 2 mediated by F. oxysporum produced a 7 α -hydroxy ( 7 ) derivative, while M. verrucaria yielded 7 α - ( 7 ) and 3 β -hydroxy ( 8 ) metabolites. Unlike F. oxysporum , which showed a preference to transform ring B, M. verrucaria exhibited the ability to hydroxylate both rings A and B from substrate 2 . Additionally, compounds 1 – 8 were evaluated for inhibitory activity against Hr-AChE and Hu-BChE enzymes through ICER-IT-MS/MS assay.

scholarly journals Use of Laccase as a Novel, Versatile Reporter System in Filamentous Fungi

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 5020-5026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd J. Mander ◽  
Huaming Wang ◽  
Elizabeth Bodie ◽  
Jens Wagner ◽  
Kay Vienken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Stachybotrys Chartarum ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Laccase Enzyme ◽  
Encoding Genes

ABSTRACT Laccases are copper-containing enzymes which oxidize phenolic substrates and transfer the electrons to oxygen. Many filamentous fungi contain several laccase-encoding genes, but their biological roles are mostly not well understood. The main interest in laccases in biotechnology is their potential to be used to detoxify phenolic substances. We report here on a novel application of laccases as a reporter system in fungi. We purified a laccase enzyme from the ligno-cellulolytic ascomycete Stachybotrys chartarum. It oxidized the artificial substrate 2,2′-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazolinsulfonate) (ABTS). The corresponding gene was isolated and expressed in Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, and Trichoderma reesei. Heterologously expressed laccase activity was monitored in colorimetric enzyme assays and on agar plates with ABTS as a substrate. The use of laccase as a reporter was shown in a genetic screen for the isolation of improved T. reesei cellulase production strains. In addition to the laccase from S. charatarum, we tested the application of three laccases from A. nidulans (LccB, LccC, and LccD) as reporters. Whereas LccC oxidized ABTS (Km  = 0.3 mM), LccD did not react with ABTS but with DMA/ADBP (3,5-dimethylaniline/4-amino-2,6-dibromophenol). LccB reacted with DMA/ADBP and showed weak activity with ABTS. The different catalytic properties of LccC and LccD allow simultaneous use of these two laccases as reporters in one fungal strain.

Three Dimensional structure and organization of diploid chromosomes by optical section microscopy

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 633-635
Author(s):  
David A. Agard ◽  
Yasushi Hiraoka ◽  
John W. Sedat
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Dynamic Structures

In an effort to understand the complex relationship between structure and biological function within the nucleus, we have embarked on a program to examine the three-dimensional structure and organization of Drosophila melanogaster embryonic chromosomes. Our overall goal is to determine how DNA and proteins are organized into complex and highly dynamic structures (chromosomes) and how these chromosomes are arranged in three dimensional space within the cell nucleus. Futher, we hope to be able to correlate structual data with such fundamental biological properties as stage in the mitotic cell cycle, developmental state and transcription at specific gene loci.Towards this end, we have been developing methodologies for the three-dimensional analysis of non-crystalline biological specimens using optical and electron microscopy. We feel that the combination of these two complementary techniques allows an unprecedented look at the structural organization of cellular components ranging in size from 100A to 100 microns.

Membrane–cytoskeleton interactions in cholesterol-dependent domain formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N. Byrum ◽  
William Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Membrane Rafts ◽  
Membrane Domains ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Membrane Cytoskeleton ◽  
Heterogeneous Structures ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Model Cell ◽  
Actomyosin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Dependent Domain

Since the inception of the fluid mosaic model, cell membranes have come to be recognized as heterogeneous structures composed of discrete protein and lipid domains of various dimensions and biological functions. The structural and biological properties of membrane domains are represented by CDM (cholesterol-dependent membrane) domains, frequently referred to as membrane ‘rafts’. Biological functions attributed to CDMs include signal transduction. In T-cells, CDMs function in the regulation of the Src family kinase Lck (p56lck) by sequestering Lck from its activator CD45. Despite evidence of discrete CDM domains with specific functions, the mechanism by which they form and are maintained within a fluid and dynamic lipid bilayer is not completely understood. In the present chapter, we discuss recent advances showing that the actomyosin cytoskeleton has an integral role in the formation of CDM domains. Using Lck as a model, we also discuss recent findings regarding cytoskeleton-dependent CDM domain functions in protein regulation.

Anticancer drug discovery from filamentous fungi

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
NH Oberlies ◽  
A Sy ◽  
TN Graf ◽  
DJ Kroll ◽  
Y Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Anticancer Drug Discovery

Biological properties of the berries of five Juniperus species in Juniperus section from Turkey

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Miceli ◽  
MF Taviano ◽  
A Trovato ◽  
R De Pasquale ◽  
P Maimone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties
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