Assessing the fate of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from oily waste land spreading by modelling

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Drolet ◽  
Olivier Banton ◽  
Pierre Lafrance ◽  
Jean-Pierre Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Petroleum Refineries ◽  
Oily Waste

The organic wastes produced by petroleum refineries are often treated by spreading them on land sites, allowing hydrocarbons to degrade naturally. In such conditions, mathematical models representing the transport of organics in the soil are useful for predicting the quantities of hydrocarbons, like polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), that could reach the water table in the short and long term. The pesticide root zone model (PRZM) simulates the fate of pesticides in the soil. Because of the analogy between the agricultural use of pesticides and the land spreading of petroleum residues containing hydrocarbons, and the similar physicochemical characteristics of these two types of potential organic contaminants, this model was applied to a land-spreading site in southern Quebec. The simulation results indicate that the studied PAHs may not migrate to depths of more than 40 cm. The predicted concentrations may be several hundred times lower when the degradation rate doubles. Natural variations in the local hydrodynamic conditions caused by soil texture do not greatly affect the concentrations of a relatively mobile PAH in soil or in water. In contrast to the texture, the soil organic matter content greatly influences the distribution of PAHs between the liquid and solid phases and, consequently, their migration through the soil. Key words: PAH, phenanthrene, pyrene, refinery, land treatment, mobility, degradation, simulation, PRZM.

scholarly journals Technosols Development in an Abandoned Mining Area and Environmental Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6982
Author(s):  
Chiara Ferronato ◽  
Gilmo Vianello ◽  
Mauro De Feudis ◽  
Livia Vittori Antisari
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mine Tailing ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Soil Features

The study of Technosols development, spatial distribution and physicochemical characteristics is becoming more and more important in the Anthropocene Era. The aim of the present study was to assess soil features and potential heavy metal release risk of soils developed on different mine tailing types after the waste disposal derived from mining activity in Central Italy. Soils were analyzed for their morphological, physical and chemical properties, and a chemical sequential extraction of heavy metals was performed. The investigated soils were classified as Technosols toxic having in some layer within 50 cm of the soil surface inorganic materials with high concentrations of toxic elements. Our findings showed that the bioavailability of potentially toxic element concentrations in the soil changed according to the origin of the mine tailing. However, because of the acidic pH, there is a serious risk of metals leaching which was reduced where the soil organic matter content was higher.

scholarly journals Analysis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans in Soil and Sediment

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-257
Author(s):  
Darija Kožul ◽  
Snježana Romanić
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
By Products ◽  
Soil And Sediment

Analysis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans in Soil and SedimentThis review presents methods for the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), called dioxins, in soil and sediment. These compounds are produced as by-products of different combustion processes, and because of their persistency and toxicity they present a threat for animal and human health. Due to their high organic matter content, soil and sediment can accumulate dioxins and have become important secondary emission sources. Determining dioxins in these samples is complex because dioxins are present in trace levels and have to be separated from interferences whereas other classes of organic contaminants are present in higher concentrations. After sampling, follows extraction of compounds with a suitable solvent, extract clean-up from unwanted compounds, and qualitative and quantitative analysis. At the end of this review, we gave levels of PCDD/PCDFs found in soil and sediment samples.

scholarly journals Short investigation on occurrence and removal of semivolatiles during wastewater treatment processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Maria Diana Puiu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Treatment Processes

The food industry wastewater is known to present a high organic matter content, due to specific raw materials and processing activities. Even if these compounds are not directly toxic to the environment, high concentrations in effluents could represent a source of pollution as discharges of high biological oxygen demand may impact receiving river's ecosystems. Identifying the main organic contaminants in wastewater samples represents the first step in establishing the optimum treatment method. The sample analysis for the non-target compounds through the GC-MS technique highlights, along with other analytical parameters, the efficiency of the main physical and biological treatment steps of the middle-size Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Long-chain fatty acids and their esters were the main abundant classes of non-target identified compounds. The highest intensity detection signal was reached by n-hexadecanoic acid or palmitic acid, a component of palm oil, after the physical treatment processes with dissolved air flotation, and by 1-octadecanol after biological treatment.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Primary Sludge from Pharmaceutical Industry Effluents and Final Disposition

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Xavier Alberico Freitas ◽  
Lara Aguiar Borges ◽  
Handray Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Fernando Colen ◽  
Alex Sander Rodrigues Cangussu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Final Disposition

The generation of large volumes of waste by industrial processes has become an object of study because of the necessity to characterize the composition of residues in order to suggest appropriate treatments and to minimize adverse environmental impacts. We performed analyses of total fixed and volatile solids, moisture, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). We found high organic matter content. We also measured physicochemical characteristics, including corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. Sewage sludge showed levels of chloride and sodium above the maximum allowed limits. These data suggest the potential for anaerobic digestion as a treatment option for sewage sludge and for its use as a biofertilizer.

Relationships between macroinfaunal invertebrates and physicochemical factors in two sandy beaches of Patagonia

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Martha (Pitu) Mendez ◽  
Evangelina Schwindt ◽  
Alejandro Bortolus
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
National Park ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Physicochemical Factors

The interest in the knowledge of the ecology of soft-sediment communities is increasing due to the importance that these environments pose to ecologists and environmentalists. However, the ecology of Argentinean sandy beaches is almost unknown, in spite of being relatively common landscapes. In this work we describe and compare the macroinfaunal assemblages in the two largest sandy beaches within the Monte León National Park, the first marine-coastal park of Argentina. Macrobenthic samples were collected and environmental descriptions were performed by quantifying and comparing the organic matter content, grain size distribution and depth of the substratum available for macroinfaunal colonization. Results show that polychaetes and crustaceans are the dominant taxa and that the two beaches differ in the physicochemical characteristics, suggesting that a relation between the benthic fauna and physicochemical factors exists. Although they appeared similar at the landscape scale in preliminary visual surveys, the geomorphological differences between habitats are likely to drive strong differences in the structure of the macroinfaunal assemblages. The monitoring of visible landscape features is likely to undermine the efficiency of protection and managing strategies if not complemented by geomorphological and ecological surveys of less visible ecosystem variables.

scholarly journals Increased Organic Matter in the Growing Medium Decreases Benlate DF Phytotoxicity

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. van Iersel ◽  
B. Bugbee
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Benzimidazole Fungicides ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Growing Medium

Some benzimidazole fungicides are phytotoxic to bedding plants. Organic pesticides are bound to the organic matter fraction in the root zone and their availability to plants depends on the composition of the growing medium. Thus, pesticide phytotoxicity may be affected by the fraction of organic matter in the growing medium. We conducted two studies to examine the relationship between benzimidazole phytotoxicity and organic matter content of the growing medium. In the first study, plants were grown in diatomaceous earth, containing no organic matter, and drenched with different fungicides. Benlate DF reduced carbon accumulation (growth) of the plants by 32 and 73% at the 0.5× and 1× label rate, respectively. Carbon gain of plants drenched with either Derosal or 3336 WP was similar to that of the control plants. Both Benlate DF and 3336 WP significantly decreased the number of flowers on the plants. The second study quantified the phytotoxicity of Benlate DF in media containing different amounts of organic matter. The growth of Benlate DF-treated plants was strongly affected by the amount of peat. Net photosynthesis decreased and the severity of visual symptoms (chlorosis) of Benlate DF phytotoxicity increased in media containing less peat. Benlate DF phytotoxicity strongly depends on the amount of organic matter in the growing medium, probably due to sorption of the active ingredient of Benlate DF and/or its breakdown products to the organic matter.

scholarly journals A Study of the Impact of Municipal Solid Waste on Some Soil Physicochemical Properties: The Case of the Landfill of Ain-El-Hammam Municipality, Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïda Mouhoun-Chouaki ◽  
Arezki Derridj ◽  
Djaber Tazdaït ◽  
Rym Salah-Tazdaït
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
The Impact

Discharging of untreated municipal solid wastes (MSWs) onto land is very widespread in developing countries. The compounds contained in MSW cause a harmful effect to human and environment. Hence, an assessment of the extent of their local impact is of great interest to figure out the pollution they cause. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the effects of discharge of solid wastes on soil quality within the landfill of Ain-El-Hammam municipality (Algeria). To achieve this, different soil physicochemical parameters were considered: granulometry, electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter content, and heavy metal concentration. The results indicated the influence of the MSW on the physicochemical characteristics of the soil by enhancing the organic matter content of soil (4.53%) and increasing heavy metal content (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr), which is a clear indication of the level of pollution they are generating.

The influence of particle size and structure on the sorption and oxidation behaviour of birnessite: II. Adsorption and oxidation of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Villalobos ◽  
Manuel Carrillo-Cárdenas ◽  
Richard Gibson ◽  
N. Ruth López-Santiago ◽  
Jimmy A. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Deep Aquifers ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Environmental context Sorption and oxidation reactions at mineral surfaces can substantially influence the mobility and toxicity of environmental contaminants. An understanding of the factors that control these reactions is crucial for predicting the fate of contaminant species. We investigate the reactivity of manganese oxides towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, persistent organic compounds of environmental concern. Abstract Birnessites are ubiquitous components of natural systems and may exert a significant influence on the mobility and toxicity of different types of contaminants, including organic species. Their small particle sizes and internal structure provide them with high sorption capacities and oxidising abilities for redox sensitive species. In the present work, the interactions of two MnIV birnessites (δ-MnO2 and acid birnessite) of different particle sizes and layer vacancy contents were investigated with four hydrophobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of three and four rings. Fluorene and anthracene were oxidised to produce the corresponding and less toxic quinones by both birnessites, but at a higher rate and extent by δ-MnO2. Phenanthrene and fluoranthene only adsorbed to δ-MnO2 but not to acid birnessite. The higher reactivity of δ-MnO2 is only partly explained by its higher specific surface area (114 v. 39m2g–1), i.e. by its smaller particle size. The repulsive effect of water molecules from hydrated cations sorbed on layer vacant sites is most likely decisive, because acid birnessite shows a considerably larger content of these vacancies. The results presented provide a fundamental understanding of the potential influence of birnessite minerals on the attenuation of low molecular weight PAHs in environments with low organic matter content, such as deep aquifers.

Organic contaminants in Welsh soils: polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Jones ◽  
Jennifer A. Stratford ◽  
Keith S. Waterhouse ◽  
Nils B. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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