Increasing job opportunities in a subregion for region-wide fuel conservation and air-quality improvement

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
M. R. Tayyaran ◽  
A. M. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Key Words Air Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

Presently, there is much interest in defining urban development patterns for reducing energy consumption in transportation and in improving air quality. This research examined the effects of improving job opportunities in a subregion on region-wide transportation fuel consumption and emissions. A research framework, consisting of travel simulation models, and energy and emissions factors, was developed for testing land use – transportation scenarios. The travel simulation modelling framework consisted of the four-step approach, including the calibration of trip distribution and modal split models. Fuel consumption and emissions were estimated by using vehicle kilometres of travel. The city of Kanata within the Regional Municipality of Ottawa – Carleton, Canada, was used as a case study. Five scenarios illustrating possible future employment schemes were developed. Vehicle kilometres, fuel, and emissions for both automobile and public transit were estimated for year 2011 scenarios. The results are presented as totals for both the overall National Capital Area and for the subregion, Kanata. From these results, it is concluded that providing more job opportunities and enhancing the job to housing ratio in a satellite city could reduce fuel consumption and emissions from a regional perspective. Key words: air pollution, emissions, fuel consumption, land use, transportation modelling, simulation.

Burn severity mapping using simulation modelling and satellite imagery

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva C. Karau ◽  
Robert E. Keane
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Simulation Approach

Although burn severity maps derived from satellite imagery provide a landscape view of fire impacts, fire effects simulation models can provide spatial fire severity estimates and add a biotic context in which to interpret severity. In this project, we evaluated two methods of mapping burn severity in the context of rapid post-fire assessment for four wildfires in western Montana using 64 plots as field reference: (1) an image-based burn severity mapping approach using the Differenced Normalised Burn Ratio, and (2) a fire effects simulation approach using the FIREHARM model. The image-based approach was moderately correlated with percentage tree mortality but had no relationship with percentage fuel consumption, whereas the simulation approach was moderately correlated with percentage fuel consumption and weakly correlated with percentage tree mortality. Burn severity maps produced by the two approaches had mixed results among the four sampled wildfires. Both approaches had the same overall map agreement when compared with a sampled composite burn index but the approaches generated different severity maps. Though there are limitations to both approaches and more research is needed to refine methodologies, these techniques have the potential to be used synergistically to improve burn severity mapping capabilities of land managers, enabling them to quickly and effectively meet rehabilitation objectives.

Effects of Transportation and Land Use Policies on Air Quality

2010 ◽  
Vol 2158 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena C. McDonald-Buller ◽  
Alba Webb ◽  
Kara M. Kockelman ◽  
Bin (Brenda) Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Land Use Policies

scholarly journals Monitoring the Spatial Variation of Aerosol Optical Depth and Its Correlation with Land Use/Land Cover in Wuhan, China: A Perspective of Urban Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Qijiao Xie ◽  
Qi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
The Impact

Aerosols significantly affect environmental conditions, air quality, and public health locally, regionally, and globally. Examining the impact of land use/land cover (LULC) on aerosol optical depth (AOD) helps to understand how human activities influence air quality and develop suitable solutions. The Landsat 8 image and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol products in summer in 2018 were used in LULC classification and AOD retrieval in this study. Spatial statistics and correlation analysis about the relationship between LULC and AOD were performed to examine the impact of LULC on AOD in summer in Wuhan, China. Results indicate that the AOD distribution expressed an obvious “basin effect” in urban development areas: higher AOD values concentrated in water bodies with lower terrain, which were surrounded by the high buildings or mountains with lower AOD values. The AOD values were negatively correlated with the vegetated areas while positively correlated to water bodies and construction lands. The impact of LULC on AOD varied with different contexts in all cases, showing a “context effect”. The regression correlations among the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and AOD in given landscape contexts were much stronger than those throughout the whole study area. These findings provide sound evidence for urban planning, land use management and air quality improvement.

1993 Soichiro Honda Lecture: The Challenges of Change in the Auto Industry: Why Alternative Fuels?

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Auto Industry ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Difficult Transition

Development of vehicles to operate on nonpetroleum fuels began in earnest in response to the energy shocks of the 1970s. While petroleum will remain the predominant transportation fuel for a long time, petroleum supplies are finite, so it is not too soon to begin the difficult transition to new sources of energy. In the past decade, composition of the fuel utilized in the internal combustion engine has gained recognition as a major factor in the control of emissions from the tailpipe of the automobile and the rate of formation of ozone in the atmosphere. Improvements in air quality can be realized by using vechicles that operate on natural gas, propane, methanol, ethanol, or electricity, but introduction of these alternative fuel vehicles presents major technical and economic challenges to the auto industry, as well as the entire country, as long as gasoline remains plentiful and inexpensive.

scholarly journals Cleaning up the air: Effectiveness of air quality policy for SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions in China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. van der A ◽  
Bas Mijling ◽  
Jieying Ding ◽  
Maria Elissavet Koukouli ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Quality Policy

Abstract. Air quality observations by satellite instruments are spatially consistent, and have a regular temporal resolution, which make them very useful in studying long-term trends in atmospheric species. To monitor air quality trends in China for the period 2005–2015 we derive SO2 columns and NOx emissions on a provincial level with an unprecedented accuracy. To put these trends into perspective they are compared with public data on energy consumption and the environmental policies of China. We distinguish the effect of air quality regulations from economic growth by comparing them relatively to fossil fuel consumption. Pollutant levels, per unit of fossil fuel, are used to assess the effectiveness of air quality regulations. We note that the desulphurisation regulations enforced in 2005–2006 only had a significant effect in the years 2008–2009 when a much stricter control of the actual use of the installations began. For national NOx emissions a distinct decreasing trend is only visible since 2012, but the emission peak year differs from province to province. Unlike SO2, emissions of NOx are highly related to traffic. Furthermore, regulations for NOx emissions are partly decided on a provincial level. The last three years show both a reduction in SO2 and NOx emissions per fossil fuel unit, since the authorities have implemented several new environmental regulations. Despite an increasing fossil fuel consumption and a growing transport sector, the effects of air quality policy in China are clearly visible. Without the air quality regulations the concentration of SO2 would be almost 3 times higher and the NO2 concentrations would be at least 30 % higher than they are today in China.

Biofuels That Cause Land-Use Change May Have Much Larger Non-GHG Air Quality Emissions Than Fossil Fuels

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (19) ◽  
pp. 10835-10841 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-C. Tsao ◽  
J. E. Campbell ◽  
M. Mena-Carrasco ◽  
S. N. Spak ◽  
G. R. Carmichael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Fossil Fuels
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