An experimental study of jet dilution in crossflows

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Hodgson ◽  
N. Rajaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Channel Flow ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Open Channel Flow ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Environmental Hydraulics ◽  
General Correlation

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the dilution produced in jets discharged into crossflows. A general correlation has been developed to predict the centreline dilution. This relation has been found to agree reasonably well with field observations. It has also been possible to predict the growth of the width and the thickness of the deflected jet. This paper would be useful in the design of submerged outfalls in rivers. Key words: jets, crossflows, dilution, open channel flow, environmental hydraulics.

New designs for vertical slot fishways

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rajaratnam ◽  
C. Katopodis ◽  
S. Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Channel Flow ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Open Channel Flow ◽  
Slot Width ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Vertical Slot ◽  
Hydraulic Design

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on 18 designs of vertical slot fishways. Based on these results, it appears that a width of 8b0 and a length of 10b0 for the pools, where b0 is the slot width, are satisfactory, and minor variations can be made to these dimensions without affecting their satisfactory performance. In the two general groups of designs, design 6 in the first group and designs 16 and 18 in the second group are recommended for practical use. Key words: fishways, hydraulics, turbulent flow, open-channel flow, hydraulic design.

Hydraulics of offset baffle culvert fishways

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rajaratnam ◽  
C. Katopodis ◽  
S. Lodewyk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Velocity Field ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Channel Flow ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Open Channel Flow ◽  
Flow Equation

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the hydraulics of culverts with offset baffles to pass fish. Using analytical considerations and experimental observations, a flow equation has been developed between the discharge, diameter, depth, and slope for a culvert fish way with the standard offset baffle system. The velocity field at the slot has also been evaluated. Some further experiments were performed to assess the effect of baffle spacing and height on the hydraulics of the culvert fishway. Key words: culverts, fishways, baffles, hydraulics, open-channel flow, turbulent flow.

Hydraulics of culvert fishways IV: spoiler baffle culvert fishways

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rajaratnam ◽  
C. Katopodis ◽  
S. Lodewyk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Channel Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Open Channel Flow ◽  
Flow Depth

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the hydraulics of culvert fishways with spoiler baffles. Four designs were studied with the heights of the baffles equal to 0.09D and 0.15D and longitudinal spacings of 0.53D and 1.06D, where D is the diameter of the culvert. Design equations have been developed relating the flow depth to the flow rate, the diameter and the slope of the culvert for each baffle design. Expressions have also been found for the barrier velocity. Key words: culverts, fishways, hydraulics, turbulent flow, open-channel flow.

Hydraulics of culvert fishways II: slotted-weir culvert fishways

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rajaratnam ◽  
C. Katopodis ◽  
N. McQuitty
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Channel Flow ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Open Channel Flow ◽  
Flow Equation ◽  
Flow Depth ◽  
General Manner

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the hydraulics of culvert fishways with a slotted-weir baffle system. Six designs with two baffle heights and three spacings were tested. A flow equation has been developed to predict the flow depth for any given discharge, diameter, and slope. The barrier velocity that would exist at the slot in the baffles has also been predicted in a general manner. This relatively simple slotted-weir baffle system has been found to match the performance of the more complicated but frequently used offset baffle system of similar dimensions. Key words: culverts, fishways, baffles, hydraulics, turbulent flow, open-channel flow.

scholarly journals Experimental study on the role of spanwise vorticity and vortex filaments in the outer region of open-channel flow

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qigang Chen ◽  
Ronald J. Adrian ◽  
Qiang Zhong ◽  
Danxun Li ◽  
Xingkui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Channel Flow ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Open Channel Flow ◽  
Vortex Filaments ◽  
Spanwise Vorticity

Hydraulics of steeppass fishways

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1024-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rajaratnam ◽  
C. Katopodis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Channel Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Open Channel Flow ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Hydraulic Design ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the hydraulics of steeppass fishways. Using theoretical considerations and experimental observations, an expression has been developed that relates the flow rate, slope of the fishway, and depth of flow. It was also found that the characteristic (similarity) velocity profile found earlier, for smaller values of depth to width ratio,y0/b, with the maximum velocity near the bottom, changes to a rather symmetrical profile with the maximum velocity occurring somewhere near the mid-depth for larger values of y0/b. A correlation has also been found for the maximum velocity. This paper also includes some observations on the M-type backwater curves that would appear in the fishway when the tailwater depths exceed uniform flow depths. Key words: fishways, hydraulics, turbulent flow, open-channel flow, hydraulic design.

Head losses at manholes with a 90° bend

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marsalek ◽  
B. J. Greck
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Channel Flow ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Open Channel Flow ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Head Losses ◽  
Junction Geometry ◽  
Pressure Changes

Head and pressure changes were studied at manholes with a 90° bend. For pressurized flow, such changes depend only on junction geometry. Among junction parameters, the benching was found particularly important. Full benchings reaching to the pipe crown produced the lowest head losses, particularly when combined with an enlarged pipe diameter at the junction. Head changes in open-channel flow were significantly smaller than those in pressurized flow. Key words: head loss, manholes, sewer junctions, sewer design, sewer hydraulics.

Field studies of fishways in Alberta

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rajaratnam ◽  
C. Katopodis ◽  
R. Paccagnan
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Channel Flow ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Open Channel Flow ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Vertical Slot ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Made In

This paper presents a detailed account of field studies performed on one pool-weir and several Denil and vertical slot fishways in the province of Alberta. The pictures show the broad features of the flow. The velocity profiles obtained in the field studies have confirmed the measurements made in the laboratory on scale models and have enhanced the general picture, particularly for the vertical slot fishways. This paper provides hydraulic engineers with information for understanding the primary hydraulic characteristics of fishways. Key words: fishways, field studies, hydraulics, open-channel flow, turbulent flow.

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