Computers in building design

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-678
Author(s):  
Claude Bédard
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Design Team ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Design Projects ◽  
Design Integration ◽  
The Way

The process of designing buildings presents characteristics that set it apart from the design process in other engineering fields. Traditionally, computers have been assigned the number-crunching and bookkeeping tasks in building design activities. Also, few participants in the design team have used computers on a regular basis. However, many changes are taking place which will affect the way a building design is carried out and the contribution computers could make in the process. All factors appear to advocate greater use of computers to achieve better designs. Three active areas of development are finally presented to illustrate new roles computers could assume in future building design projects. Key words: building design process, algorithm, synthesis/analysis, preliminary design, integration.

scholarly journals The Influence of Timing in Exploratory Prototyping and Other Activities in Design Projects

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Häggman ◽  
Tomonori Honda ◽  
Maria C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Design Projects

The importance of prototyping in the design process has been widely recognized, but less research emphasis has been placed on the appropriate timing and detail of so-called “throwaway” prototyping during the preliminary design phase. Based on a study of mid-career professional graduate students, statistically significant correlations were found between the time such prototypes were created and design outcome. Building prototypes early on in the design process, or performing additional rounds of benchmarking and user interaction later on during the project (in addition to the typical early stage efforts), correlated with better design outcome, although the total time spent on these activities did not. The correlation between project presentations and reviewer scores are also touched upon. These findings suggest that the timing of design activities is more important than the time spent on them.

Integral Design: The Reflective Morphological Overview

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Zeiler ◽  
Perica Savanovic ◽  
Emile Quanjel
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Design Team ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Dutch Association ◽  
Building Physics

Integral Building Design is done by multi disciplinary design teams and aims at integrating all aspects from the different disciplines involved in a design for a building such as; archtitecture, construction, building physics and building services. It involves information exchange between participants within the design process in amounts not yet known before. To support this highly complex process an Integral Building Design methods is developed based on the combination of a prescriptive approach, Methodical Design, and a descriptive approach, Reflective practice. Starting from the Methodical Design approach by van den Kroonenberg, a more reflective approach is developed. The use of Integral Design within the design process results in a transparency on the taken design steps and the design decisions. Within the design process, the extended prescriptive methodology is used as a framework for reflection on design process itself. To ensure a good information exchange between different disciplines during the conceptual phase of design a functional structuring technique can be used; Morphological Overviews (MO). Morphology provides a structure to give an overview of the consider functions and their solution alternatives. By using this method it is presumed that it helps to structure the communication between the design team members and a such forms a basis for reflection on the design results by the design team members. This method is used in the education program at the Technische Universiteit Eindhoven and was tested in workshops for students and for professionals from the Royal Institute of Dutch Architects (BNA) and the Dutch Association of Consulting Engineers (ONRI). Over 250 professionals participated in these workshops.

A Model of Information Exchange in the Design Process

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Christian ◽  
Warren P. Seering
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Design Team ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Engineering Design Process ◽  
Model And Simulation ◽  
Design Projects ◽  
Rationality Model

Abstract This paper describes a method of modeling the engineering design process and a simulation that implements the model. The model explicitly represents the communication requirements of interdependent design projects and the assigned roles of individuals. The simulation uses computer agents to represent individuals working within a design environment, exchanging information, and making decisions based on a limited rationality model of human behavior. This paper describes how the model and simulation can be used to make predictions about design team performance.

Understanding the Context of Multidisciplinary Design: Establishing Ecological Validity in the Study of Design Problem Solving

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (16) ◽  
pp. 1082-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. McNeese ◽  
Brian S. Zaff ◽  
Clifford E. Brown ◽  
Maryalice Citera ◽  
Jonathan Selvaraj
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Concept Mapping ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Design Team ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Design Activities

The need to understand the design process in all its complexity is motivated by an interest in the development of tools and technologies that would be capable of aiding collaborative design teams. This development effort depends upon an understanding of design activities as they occur within a real world context. Observations of design activities that are made without direct communication with the design team members may fail to capture many of the subtler aspects of the process - aspects that are best understood when described by the design team members themselves. In order to supplement observational studies, this paper presents a case study in which a dialog with members of a variety of collaborative design teams was established in order to elicit information about the nature of collaborative design. A knowledge acquisition technique, concept mapping, was used to achieve an understanding of the role of human factors specialists within the collaborative design process specific to the Air Force's system acquisition program. Results highlight various findings about the nature of design problem solving such as the way different organizational settings influence human factors input in the design process/product. The paper discusses the usefulness of concept mapping to capture in-depth design knowledge and how this type of knowledge complements other approaches to understanding design.

A strategy for multiprofessional design of buildings

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Manning
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Design Decisions

The conventional way by which buildings are designed is for the specialist members of design teams (structural, mechanical, electrical, and other engineers, acousticians, and others) to develop in detail the comprehensive concepts of generalists. Thus, architects first develop overall scheme designs, after which consultant engineers and others develop specific subdesigns for the structures, mechanical systems, lighting, and so on that will make that particular overall scheme work. There are some important objections to this kind of process, not the least the handicap that is thus placed upon the input of the engineering and other consultants. A "three-axis design strategy" by which, from the earliest stages of a design problem, solutions are built up from the best common compatible options of all the contributing consultants is described. Key words: building design, systematic design methods, design strategy, multiprofessional, integration, design process, design decisions.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF PROCESS OF BUILDING GEOMETRY DESIGN/PASTATŲ GEOMETRIJOS PROJEKTAVIMO PROCESO VALDYMAS

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Lionginas Čiupaila ◽  
Ryte Žiūrienė
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Building Design ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Computer Design ◽  
Cad Systems ◽  
The Way

Methods of the modern building design do not only help designers in their work, but also raise a number of different questions, especially in the cases of using maximum computer possibilities. One of the possible ways is to create a model of the interface of a workstation, which would have the following properties: The design process (design tools and information) has to be made automatically, depending on the type of the designed object. There should be a possibility to gain automatically one's experience and to use the existing information. The way of the automatic control of the digital information has to be evaluated, as well as the means of the maximum use of the automatic information control qualities should be estimated. The controlling of the information becomes rational only by the use of intelligent systems (Fig 1). This investigation covers the problems related with a spatial modelling only (Fig 2). Basic systems could not be rational due to their general purpose (Fig 3), so it is necessary to create a structure of separate groups of problems (Fig 4). The course and the means of solving this problem depend on the way one chooses: the design according to the analogue (Fig 5) or the design of an entirely new object (Fig 6). The rational work could be possible only by making the means of modelling and control (Fig 7–9). General conclusions: While analysing the methods of computer design used in Lithuanian companies of architectural design, there has been determined: In the design process computers are being used as simple drawing tools for making different operations like with a pencil, to depict separate lines or even points. Computers are not used as functional objects, which realisation has become possible by using modern means of computer; integration of computer design is used only in the limits of one project on rudimental level. The analysis of the mostly used computer aided design (CAD) systems shows: the most common and specialised CAD systems are used which differ in their possibilities and commercial price; in spite of the existing technical and programme conditions, the highest achievement is only the development of integration with very low intelligent possibilities. The interface of the visualisation of building spatial solution has been prepared on the base of analysis and created intellectual models: the main functions of spatial design interface have been discussed, as well as algorithms of their realisation have been prepared; a scheme of tool structure has been made. By using the proposed models and algorithms there have been created the fragments of programme, which are realised by solving an example. This material could be used in the educational and practical design process. The algorithms of main operations and programmed models are made, enabling the use of modern design technologies and projects, created in traditional way.

scholarly journals The feasibility of 'Building Performance Sketching' within the building design process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elzine Braasch
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Design Team ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Team Collaboration ◽  
Building Performance Simulation

<p>This study investigated the question of whether or not the distributed model method (DMM) could be perceived by the New Zealand building industry’s architects and engineers as overcoming barriers which prevent them from implementing building performance sketching within their design processes.  Current literature on the barriers to building performance simulation (BPS) have suggested a number of recommendations for tool developers to address, with little documented success to their impact on overcoming these perceived barriers. The recommendations suggested mainly improving tool interoperability for effective design team collaboration, and means to demonstrate model quality assurance. The DMM presented itself within literature as a new means to overcome the difficulties of interoperability faced by the central modelling method, commonly used in building information modelling (BIM), to meet requirements for design team collaboration. With the ability to provide high interoperability and parametric capabilities with detailed simulation programs, the DMM was hypothesised to address all recommendations from literature to overcome the barriers to implementing BPS within the design process. Furthermore, the study proposed the use of building performance sketching as an approach to assess the architectural sketch as a means to ensure quality assurance.  The study concluded that DMM cannot currently address all wants and wishes of users established in literature, but has potential. Future research efforts are required to focus upon: creating industry specific templates for building types; developing these templates to be adaptable for the different modelling operators of the proposed workflow demonstrated to the participants within this study; and developing quality assurance standards for modelling and guidelines for model validation. Finally, the study concluded with future work required beyond tool development: improving education of architects; and introducing legislation.</p>

scholarly journals The feasibility of 'Building Performance Sketching' within the building design process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elzine Braasch
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Design Team ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Team Collaboration ◽  
Building Performance Simulation

<p>This study investigated the question of whether or not the distributed model method (DMM) could be perceived by the New Zealand building industry’s architects and engineers as overcoming barriers which prevent them from implementing building performance sketching within their design processes.  Current literature on the barriers to building performance simulation (BPS) have suggested a number of recommendations for tool developers to address, with little documented success to their impact on overcoming these perceived barriers. The recommendations suggested mainly improving tool interoperability for effective design team collaboration, and means to demonstrate model quality assurance. The DMM presented itself within literature as a new means to overcome the difficulties of interoperability faced by the central modelling method, commonly used in building information modelling (BIM), to meet requirements for design team collaboration. With the ability to provide high interoperability and parametric capabilities with detailed simulation programs, the DMM was hypothesised to address all recommendations from literature to overcome the barriers to implementing BPS within the design process. Furthermore, the study proposed the use of building performance sketching as an approach to assess the architectural sketch as a means to ensure quality assurance.  The study concluded that DMM cannot currently address all wants and wishes of users established in literature, but has potential. Future research efforts are required to focus upon: creating industry specific templates for building types; developing these templates to be adaptable for the different modelling operators of the proposed workflow demonstrated to the participants within this study; and developing quality assurance standards for modelling and guidelines for model validation. Finally, the study concluded with future work required beyond tool development: improving education of architects; and introducing legislation.</p>

Causing a Stir

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo POTOCNJAK-OXMAN
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Design Team ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Early Stages

Stir was a crowd-voted grants platform aimed at supporting creative youth in the early stages of an entrepreneurial journey. Developed through an in-depth, collaborative design process, between 2015 and 2018 it received close to two hundred projects and distributed over fifty grants to emerging creatives and became one of the most impactful programs aimed at increasing entrepreneurial activity in Canberra, Australia. The following case study will provide an overview of the methodology and process used by the design team in conceiving and developing this platform, highlighting how the community’s interests and competencies were embedded in the project itself. The case provides insights for people leading collaborative design processes, with specific emphasis on some of the characteristics on programs targeting creative youth

Narrative, Intertext and Allusion in the Qur'anic Presentation of Job

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Key Words And Phrases ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Job (Ayyūb) is a byword for patience in the Islamic tradition, notwithstanding only six Qur'anic verses are devoted to him, four in Ṣād (vv.41-4), and two in al-Anbiyā' (vv.83-4), and he is mentioned on only two other occasions, in al-Ancām (v.84) and al-Nisā' (v.163). In relation to the space devoted to him, he could be accounted a ‘lesser’ prophet, nevertheless his significance in the Qur'an is unambiguous. The impact he makes is achieved in a number of ways. One is through the elaborate intertext transmitted from the Companions and Followers, and recorded in the exegetic tradition. Another is the way in which his role and charisma are highlighted by the prophets in whose company he is presented, and the shifting emphases of each of the sūras in which he appears. Yet another is the wider context created by these sūras in which key words and phrases actualize a complex network of echoes and resonances that elicit internal and transsūra associations focusing attention on him from various perspectives. The effectiveness of this presentation of him derives from the linguistic genius of the Qur'an which by this means triggers a vivid encounter with aspects of the rhythm of divine revelation no less direct than that of visual iconography in the Western Tradition.

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