Excess biological phosphorus removal in the activated sludge process using primary sludge fermentation

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rabinowitz ◽  
W. K. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

This paper examines the role of short-chain volatile fatty acids in the excess biological phosphorus removal mechanism of the activated sludge process. The effectiveness of various substrate additions in inducing phosphorus removal was investigated through a series of laboratory and pilot-scale experiments. Phosphorus release and substrate uptake both take place in the anaerobic zone of the process and there appears to be an exchange phenomenon that occurs between the two molecules. The system phosphorus removal of the process is improved by the addition of sodium acetate to the anaerobic zone. It is important that the zone receives no incoming nitrate, as the added substrate will be oxidized in the denitrification reaction, rendering it unavailable for the phosphorus removal mechanism. Acetate and propionate, the two substrates that are most effective in inducing anaerobic phosphorus release, can be generated on-site at a treatment plant by primary sludge fermentation in concentrations sufficient to significantly enhance the phosphorus removal characteristics of the process. Key words: biological phosphorus removal, short-chain volatile fatty acids, phosphorus release, substrate utilization, primary sludge fermentation.

Improved Biological Phosphorus Removal Resulting from the Enrichment of Reactor Feed with Fermentation Products

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 943-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Lötter ◽  
A. R. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Research in South Africa has highlighted the dependence of biological phosphate removal mechanisms on the presence of certain minimum concentrations of some readily biodegradable materials including interalia volatile fatty acids. Successful generation of these compounds has been achieved at recently commissioned facilities at three of Johannesburg' activated sludge plants. Elutriation of the volatile fatty acids from the sludge was achieved by recycling sludge to the influent sewage stream. Significant improvements in phosphate removal were observed, thus reducing the demand for chemical dosing to achieve the phosphate standard. In this paper the effect of altering the feed sewage characteristics on biological phosphorus removal is discussed.

Enhancing biological phosphorus removal with glycerol

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1837-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Yuan ◽  
R. Sparling ◽  
P. Lagasse ◽  
Y. M. Lee ◽  
D. Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
External Carbon Source ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

An enhanced biological phosphorus removal process (EBPR) was successfully operated in presence of acetate. When glycerol was substituted for acetate in the feed the EBPR process failed. Subsequently waste activated sludge (WAS) from the reactor was removed to an off-line fermenter. The same amount of glycerol was added to the WAS fermenter which led to significant volatile fatty acids (VFA) production. By supplying the system with the VFA-enriched supernatant of the fermentate, biological phosphorus removal was enhanced. It was concluded that, if glycerol was to be used as an external carbon source in EBPR, the effective approach was to ferment glycerol with waste activated sludge.

Fermentation of Raw Sludge and Elutriation of Resultant Fatty Acids to Promote Excess Biological Phosphorus Removal

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Pitman ◽  
L. H. Lötter ◽  
W. V. Alexander ◽  
S. L. Deacon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Research in South Africa has highlighted the dependence of biological phosphate removal mechanisms on the presence of certain minimum concentrations of some readily biodegradable materials including interalia volatile fatty acids. Generation of these compounds was achieved on an experimental basis at the Johannesburg Northern Works by the fermentation of primary sludge either in primary settling tanks or off-line in high rate “acid” digesters. Elutriation of the volatile fatty acids from the sludge was achieved by recycling the sludge to the influent sewage stream. Significant improvements in phosphate removal were observed and it was decided to design primary sludge treatment facilities to specifically generate the volatile fatty acids. This paper describes the design philosophy adopted and discusses the preliminary results obtained from the recently commissioned plant at the Johannesburg Northern Works and Bushkoppie plants.

Saving phosphorus removal at the Henderson NV plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1318-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barnard ◽  
D. Houweling ◽  
H. Analla ◽  
M. Steichen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Removal Process ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Anaerobic Zone ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

While the mechanism of biological phosphorus removal (BPR) and the need for volatile fatty acids (VFA) have been well researched and documented to the point where it is now possible to design a plant with a very reliable phosphorus removal process using formal flow sheets, BPR is still observed in a number of plants that have no designated anaerobic zone, which was considered essential for phosphorus removal. Some examples are given in this paper. A theory is proposed and then applied to solve problems with a shortage of VFA in the influent of the Henderson NV plant. Mixed liquor was fermented in the anaerobic zone, which resulted in phosphorus removal to very low levels. This paper will discuss some of the background, and some case histories and applications, and present a simple postulation as to the mechanism and efforts at modelling the results.

Biological Phophorus Removal: Study of the Main Parameters

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Malnou ◽  
M Meganck ◽  
G M Faup ◽  
M du Rostu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Storage

The biological phosphorus removal phenomenon has been studied in a modified “Phoredox” type pilot plant. The interpretation of the results obtained was facilitated by batch tests on the sludge. The influence of the duration of anaerobiosis, the presence of nitrates and various organic substances in the anaerobic zone were thus studied successively. The results obtained tend to confirm the hypothesis that biological phosphorus removal is due primarily to the bacterial strain Acinetobacter. Microbiological examination of the sludge has revealed the presence of these bacteria and that of acidogenic bacteria producing volatile fatty acids promoting the growth of Acinetobacter. Pure culture tests have confirmed the possibility of a greater phosphorus storage capability of Acinetobacter.

Reduction of coagulant amount added to activated sludge for phosphorus removal

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nakajima ◽  
I. Mishima
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Removal Model

Adding coagulant to the activated sludge process is effective in maintaining the stability of phosphorus removal. However, the precise mechanisms of the reaction and behavior of coagulants and phosphorus are not well known. By introducing a new phosphorus removal model (PRM), the behavior of coagulant and phosphorus in the process could be described. The experimental data of the effluent phosphorus concentration and Fe content in the activated sludge agreed with the values calculated by PRM. The amount of coagulant addition to the activated sludge process for phosphorus removal is reduced with the enhanced biological phosphorus removal process. It is suggested that the amount of reduction is determined by using PRM.

pH: Keyfactor in the Biological Phosphorus Removal Process

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. F. Smolders ◽  
M. C. M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
J. J. Heijnen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Experiments have been performed, using a sequencing batch reactor, to examine the effect of pH on biological phosphorus removal in the activated sludge process. The results, which indicate that glycogen metabolism occurs during anaerobic conditions, are useful in elucidating the biochemical mechanisms involved in phosphorus-removal, and have potential implications for systems such as Phostrip.

scholarly journals The occurrence of enhanced biological phosphorus removal in a 200,000 m3/day partial nitration and Anammox activated sludge process at the Changi water reclamation plant, Singapore

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshi Cao ◽  
Bee Hong Kwok ◽  
Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
Glen T. Daigger ◽  
Hui Yi Png ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Mainstream partial nitritation and Anammox (PN/A) has been observed and studied in the step-feed activated sludge process at the Changi water reclamation plant (WRP), which is the largest WRP (800,000 m3/d) in Singapore. This paper presents the study results for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) co-existing with PN/A in the activated sludge process. Both the in-situ EBPR efficiency and ex-situ activities of phosphorus release and uptake were high. The phosphorus accumulating organisms were dominant, with little presence of glycogen accumulating organisms in the activated sludge. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) mass balance illustrated that the carbon usage for EBPR was the same as that for heterotrophic denitrification, owing to autotrophic PN/A conversions. This much lower carbon demand for nitrogen removal, compared to conventional biological nitrogen removal, made effective EBPR possible. This paper demonstrated for the first time the effective EBPR co-existence with PN/A in the mainstream in a large full-scale activated sludge process, and the feasibility to accommodate EBPR into the mainstream PN/A process. It also shows EBPR can work under warm climates.

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