Eccentricity in irregular multistory buildings

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. W.-T. Cheung ◽  
W. K. Tso
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Multistory Buildings ◽  
Plane Frame ◽  
Code Procedure ◽  
Code Provisions

To evaluate the seismic torsional effect on multistory buildings, the concept of eccentricity is extended from single-story buildings to multistory buildings by defining the locations of the centers of rigidity at each floor. A practical procedure to locate the centers of rigidity and hence floor eccentricity is introduced. This procedure depends on the use of plane frame computer programs only and is suitable for use in design offices. The seismic torsional provisions in the National Building Code of Canada 1985 (NBCC 1985) explicitly emphasize that the code provisions apply to buildings where the centres of rigidity lie on a vertical axis only. By means of examples, it verifies the claim of NBCC 1985. Also, it shows that, for buildings with centers of rigidity scattered from a vertical axis, the code procedure may or may not apply. Therefore, one should interpret the condition of centers of rigidity located along a vertical axis to be a sufficient, but not a necessary, condition for the NBCC 85 code provisions to be applicable. Until the necessary conditions are known, dynamic analysis remains the most reliable method to assign the torsional effects to various portions of the building. Key words: building code, center of rigidity, dynamic analysis, eccentricity, irregular, multistory, seismic, torsion.

Seismic load distribution in buildings with eccentric setback

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Tso ◽  
Shu Yao
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Wide Class ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Lateral Loading ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Load Distributions ◽  
Static Approach ◽  
Code Procedure

A study is carried out to evaluate the seismic load distribution in buildings with eccentric setback subjected to lateral loading in a direction perpendicular to the setback. Such loading causes both translational and torsional deformations. Since buildings with eccentric setback possess significant irregularities both height-wise and plan-wise, both the static and the dynamic approaches are used in this study to examine the limitations of the static approach when applied to this class of structures. It is shown that the static approach cannot simulate the higher modal contribution, nor can it simulate the inertial floor torques caused by the first mode of vibration. Consequently, the static approach leads to an underestimation of edge frame shears. However, by modifying the static approach as is done in the Canadian code (National Building Code of Canada, 1990) one can obtain load distributions in eccentric buildings that are similar to that using dynamic analysis. Based on the work of Goel and Chopra, it is further shown that implementation of the Canadian code procedure for seismic load distribution involving torsion can be simplified greatly. As a result, this procedure can be implemented efficiently in design offices to cover a wide class of buildings, including buildings with eccentric setbacks. Key words: seismic, buildings, torsion, setback, irregularity, code.

PCI Standard Design Practice Ref ACI 318-14

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Precast Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Consistent Approach ◽  
Code Provisions

Precast, prestressed concrete design is based on conformance with the provisions of the American Concrete Institute’s (ACI’s) Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14). In most cases, these provisions are followed explicitly. Occasionally, interpretation of some sections of ACI 318 is required to ensure quality is maintained in conjunction with the unique characteristics of precast and prestressed concrete fabrication, shipping, and erection. Members of the PCI Building Code Committee, along with other experienced precast concrete design engineers, have identified code provisions, detailed in this publication, that require clarification or interpretation. These design practices are followed by most precast concrete design engineers to produce safe, economical precast concrete structures and they provide a consistent approach for the designers and contractors.

Certain Fourier Transforms of Distributions: II

1954 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 186-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Lukacs ◽  
Otto Szász
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Function ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Laplace Transforms ◽  
Characteristic Functions ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Multiple Roots ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Class Of Functions

In an earlier paper (1), published in this journal, a necessary condition was given which the reciprocal of a polynomial without multiple roots must satisfy in order to be a characteristic function. This condition is, however, valid for a wider class of functions since it can be shown (2, theorem 2 and corollary to theorem 3) that it holds for all analytic characteristic functions. The proof given in (1) is elementary and has some methodological interest since it avoids the use of theorems on singularities of Laplace transforms. Moreover the method used in (1) yields some additional necessary conditions which were not given in (1) and which do not seem to follow easily from the properties of analytic characteristic functions.

scholarly journals Syarat Perlu dan Cukup untuk Keterbatasan Potensial Riesz di Ruang Morrey Klasik

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Mohammad Imam Utoyo ◽  
Basuki Widodo ◽  
Toto Nusantara ◽  
Suhariningsih Suhariningsih
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Function ◽  
Morrey Space ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Riesz Potential ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

This script was aimed to determine the necessary conditions for boundedness of Riesz potential in the classical Morrey space. If these results are combined with previous research results will be obtained the necessary and sufficient condition for boundedness of Riesz potential. This necessary condition is obtained through the use of characteristic function as one member of the classical Morrey space.

scholarly journals PEMENUHAN ELEMEN NECESSARY CONDITIONS KECAMATAN DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAHAN UMUM DI KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
Arif Nugroho ◽  
Delly Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
National Unity ◽  
General Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Technical Basis

 Artikel ini mengulas Pemenuhan Elemen Necessary Conditions Kecamatan dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan umum baik secara nasional dan spesifik diperdalam dengan fakta empiris di Kabupaten Pandeglang, hal itu sebagai konsekuansi dari pelaksanaan Undang – Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian diketahui, penyelenggaraan pemerintahan umum Kecamatan baik fakta secara nasional serta pendalaman fakta empiris di Kabupaten Pandeglang menunjukan belum cukup tertopang oleh elemen necessary condition diantaranya kepastian atas kewenangan legalnya serta anggaran yang menyertainya. Oleh sebab itu dipandang perlu ada kemauan politik baik itu dari Presiden untuk segera mengundangkan Peraturan – Pemerintah sebagai landasan teknis bagi pemerintah daerah selaku kepala wilayah maupun dari Kepala Daerah Kabupaten/Kota untuk melakukan terobosan agar supaya di masa peralihan implementasi Undang – Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 kewenangan – kewenangan pada bidang kesatuan bangsa, keamanan dan keteriban umum dapat dilimpahkan pada Kecamatan serta Elemen Necessary Conditions lain yang menyertainya diperkuat.     This article discusses the fulfillment of the elements of the sub-district's necessary conditions in the administration of general government both nationally and specifically and deepened by empirical facts in Pandeglang Regency, this is a consequence of the implementation of Law Number 23 of 2014. The research approach used is qualitative. The results showed that in the administration of district general government both the facts nationally and the deepening of empirical facts in Pandeglang district were not sufficiently supported by elements of necessary conditions, including certainty of legal authority and budget. Therefore, there needs to be political will, both from the president, to immediately ratify the Government Regulation as a technical basis for the regional government (Territory) as well as from the Head of Regency / City to make breakthroughs so that in the transitional period the implementation of Law Number 23 Year 2014 powers in the areas of national unity, security and public order can be transferred to the District and the accompanying elements of necessary conditions are strengthened.

Necessary Conditions for Multistationarity and Stable Periodicity

1998 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Houssine Snoussi
Keyword(s):  
Differential System ◽  
Jacobian Matrix ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Formal Proof ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Constant Sign ◽  
Interaction Graph ◽  
Partial Derivatives

We show in this paper that, for a differential system defined by a quasi-monotonous function f (with constant sign partial derivatives) the existence of a positive loop in the interaction graph associated to the Jacobian matrix of f is a necessary condition for multistationarity, and the existence of a negative loop comprising at least two elements is a necessary condition for stable periodicity. This gives a formal proof of R.Thomas's conjectures.

Optimal Trajectories and the Accessory Minimum Problem

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Sounding Rocket ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Minimum Problem ◽  
Multiplier Rule ◽  
Variation Of A Function ◽  
Accessory Minimum Problem ◽  
The First Variation ◽  
The Second Variation

SummaryThe necessary conditions of Clebsch and Weierstrass and of the multiplier rule in the calculus of variations, which arise from the study of the first variation of a function, are summarised. A further necessary condition associated with the second variation is stated. The latter condition is applied to two problems: (i) the determination of the thrust-time programme which maximises the altitude of a sounding rocket, (ii) the determination of the thrust direction programme for a rocket with a known propellant expenditure programme which yields a maximum range. In both problems it is found that the additional necessary condition is satisfied.

Occlusion Constraints and Stereoscopic Slant

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Häkkinen ◽  
Göte Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Retinal Image ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Slant Perception ◽  
Frontoparallel Plane ◽  
Reduction Effect

In binocular vision horizontal magnification of one retinal image leads to a percept of three-dimensional slant around a vertical axis. It is demonstrated that the perception of slant is diminished when an occlusion interpretation is possible. A frontoparallel plane located in the immediate vicinity of a slanted surface in a location which allows a perception of occlusion reduces the magnitude of perceived slant significantly. When the same plane is placed on the other side, the slant perception is normal because there is no alternative occlusion interpretation. The results indicate that a common border between the occluder and a slanted surface is not a necessary condition for the reduction effect. If the edges are displaced and the edge of the slanted surface is placed in a location in which it could be occluded, the effect still appears.

On the Elusiveness of ββ0ν Decay

1998 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 405-418
Author(s):  
Tsan Ung Chan
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Particle ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Lepton Number ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Experimental Fact ◽  
Neutral Particles ◽  
Zero Mass ◽  
Number Conservation

To date, no evidence of ββ0ν decay has been found despite tremendous experimental efforts. In contrast, ββ2ν decay has been clearly and definitely observed in several nuclei. These experimental facts question the reality of ββ0ν decay. This ββ0ν decay which violates lepton number conservation can only occur if the neutrino is massive and is its own antiparticle or in other words is a truly neutral particle. The observation of this decay implies then that the neutrino is a truly neutral particle and it has a non-zero mass. But the absence of ββ0ν decay implies only that at least one of the two necessary conditions is not fulfilled. Since the truly neutral character of neutrino is a necessary condition, it is important to provide objective criteria of truly neutral particles. We propose a generalized Gell-Mann and Nishijima formula which provides naturally the criteria of truly neutral particles. According to these criteria n and ν are different from their antiparticles for symmetric reason. The absence of ββ0ν decay could then be simply understood. Indeed a truly neutral particle could be more generally defined as a neutral particle with respect to all charges and is its own antiparticle. The Dirac character of the neutrino does not contradict any experimental fact.

Seismic storey drift estimation

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Building Design ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Moment Resisting Frame ◽  
Drift Estimation ◽  
Frame Buildings ◽  
Moment Resisting ◽  
Code Procedure

The seismic storey drift estimation procedure in the 1990 edition of the National Building Code of Canada is evaluated for ductile moment-resisting frame buildings located in different seismic regions. The evaluation is based on a comparison of the storey drifts estimated from the code procedure with those obtained from the inelastic dynamic analysis of the buildings. The results indicate that the code procedure underestimates storey drift for low-rise ductile moment-resisting frame buildings. It provides good estimates of storey drift for medium- and high-rise ductile moment-resisting frame buildings. The code estimation tends to become conservative as the number of storeys increases. Key words: building, design, drift, seismic, storey.

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