Analysis of continuous steel plates subjected to uniform transverse loads

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Ratzlaff ◽  
D. J. L. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Transverse Load ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Continuous Steel ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Membrane Action ◽  
Transverse Loads ◽  
Analysis Design

The economic design of steel caissons for drilling and production platforms in the Arctic Ocean, formed from steel plates and supported by a rectangular grid of stiffeners, beams, and girders, requires that the full strength of the plates be mobilized to withstand extreme ice forces. A comprehensive method of analysis is needed to describe the behaviour of continuous steel plates into the inelastic range when they are acted upon by transverse loads. From this analysis, design procedures could then be developed.An extensive literature search has not revealed that satisfactory solutions exist for the load–deflection response of transversely loaded flat plates beyond the elastic limit when both flexural and membrane action are taken into account. Experimental data available in the inelastic range of behaviour are also limited.By considering various limiting simplified behavioural modes for the load–deflection response of uniformly loaded flat plates of zero aspect ratio, possible load–deflection domains are established. The limiting responses investigated are: elastic–inelastic flexural action, elastic membrane action, inelastic membrane action with increased stiffness resulting from increased Poisson's ratio in the inelastic range, elastic flexural membrane action, and action of a fully yielded cross section in flexure that gradually gives away to a fully yielded cross section in tension. Within the domain so established, a load–deflection behaviour is proposed that is in reasonable agreement with the results of the limited test data available. The results of a finite element analysis using the ADINA computer program are also in reasonable agreement with the proposed analysis. Design applications are discussed. Key words: deflection, elastic, elastoplastic, flexural resistance, membrane force, membrane resistance, plates, steel, strains, stresses, transverse load.

Behaviour and ultimate strength of continuous steel plates subjected to uniform transverse loads

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Ratzlaff ◽  
D. J. L. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Transverse Load ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Membrane Action ◽  
Finite Element Program

The authors previously established that an initially flat rectangular steel plate, clamped on all four edges, displays three modes of behaviour as the intensity of a distributed transverse load increases: elastic flexural-membrane action, inelastic flexural-membrane action, and inelastic-membrane action.For a long narrow plate, elastic flexural-membrane action exists up to the load at which yielding of the extreme fibres along the long edges occurs. Subsequent plastic hinge formation along the long edges reduces the stiffness. The second stage ends with complete yielding in tension along the long edges. From this point onward, the plate acts essentially as a membrane straining inelastically as yielding gradually progresses from both edges toward the centre. A lower bound to this behaviour is obtained by assuming that Poisson's ratio is the elastic value and the maximum membrane stress is the yield stress. A higher lower bound is obtained using the plastic value of Poisson's ratio. The load–deflection curve gradually moves from the lower value to the higher and, because the edge forces can exceed yield, will finally exceed the latter, as confirmed by tests.A finite element program modelling plane stress conditions, the inelastic Poisson's ratio, and the stress–strain behaviour to failure gave a load–deflection response closely following the three predicted regions of behaviour. Two failure criteria have been established: a limiting tensile strain due to bending and tension at the edge and the shear resistance there. The behaviour and failure loads have been confirmed by two tests. Strain measurements taken during the tests substantiate, in general, the predicted behaviour.Implications of using the ultimate strength of plates for the design of offshore structures for oil exploration and production in the Arctic are presented. Key words: deflection, design, finite elements, inelastic, membrane, plates, steel, strains, stresses, transverse load, ultimate strength.

The Bent Strut with Variable Cross Section

1941 ◽  
Vol 45 (362) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Drymael
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Variable Cross Section ◽  
Transverse Load ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Transverse Loads ◽  
Variable Section

SummaryA graphical method is developed for solving the problem of the beam with variable section, bent by transverse loads and an axial load. The latter may be either tensile or compressive. The beam on statically determinate supports is first dealt with, successively as regards the stress and the deformation. Then a similar procedure is followed for a beam with redundant supports. Finally, the case is studied when there is no transverse load at all, that is buckling only.

scholarly journals Computational Modeling and Constructal Design Theory Applied to the Geometric Optimization of Thin Steel Plates with Stiffeners Subjected to Uniform Transverse Load

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégori Troina ◽  
Marcelo Cunha ◽  
Vinícius Pinto ◽  
Luiz Rocha ◽  
Elizaldo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Geometric Optimization ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Transverse Load ◽  
Constructal Design ◽  
Thin Steel ◽  
Reference Plate

Stiffened thin steel plates are structures widely employed in aeronautical, civil, naval, and offshore engineering. Considering a practical application where a transverse uniform load acts on a simply supported stiffened steel plate, an approach associating computational modeling, Constructal Design method, and Exhaustive Search technique was employed aiming to minimize the central deflections of these plates. To do so, a non-stiffened plate was adopted as reference from which all studied stiffened plate’s geometries were originated by the transformation of a certain amount of steel of its thickness into longitudinal and transverse stiffeners. Different values for the stiffeners volume fraction (φ) were analyzed, representing the ratio between the volume of the stiffeners’ material and the total volume of the reference plate. Besides, the number of longitudinal (Nls) and transverse (Nts) stiffeners and the aspect ratio of stiffeners shape (hs/ts, being hs and ts, respectively, the height and thickness of stiffeners) were considered as degrees of freedom. The optimized plates were determined for all studied φ values and showed a deflection reduction of over 90% in comparison with the reference plate. Lastly, the influence of the φ parameter regarding the optimized plates was evaluated defining a configuration with the best structural performance among all analyzed cases.

The Torsionless Bending of a Hollow Beam by a Transverse Load

1937 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. A25-A30
Author(s):  
W. L. Schwalbe
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Equilateral Triangle ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Transverse Load ◽  
Shearing Stress ◽  
Numerical Work ◽  
Hollow Beam ◽  
Transverse Loads ◽  
Hollow Beams

Abstract The author discusses the bending of hollow beams when subjected to transverse loads, and points out that shearing stresses and strains in the cross sections are necessary, and a particular longitudinal section remains plane only if the resultant of the shearing stress, and hence the plane of the applied bending moment, possesses a particular location. The author determines the location of this resultant shearing stress by applying a method based on St. Venant’s theory. Applications of the method are made to two hollow sections. One of the sections is that of an equilateral triangle which serves as a measure of accuracy for the numerical work presented by the author, since the location of the resultant of the shearing stresses is known by symmetry.

scholarly journals Flexure with shear and associated torsion in prisms of uni-axial and asymmetric cross-sections

1938 ◽  
Vol 237 (776) ◽  
pp. 161-229 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Axial Symmetry ◽  
Harmonic Functions ◽  
Transverse Load ◽  
Constant Cross Section ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Axes Of Symmetry ◽  
Perpendicular Axis

It is now well over eighty years ago since Barre de Saint-Venant reduced the problem of the beam of constant cross-section under the action of a single transverse load to the search for plane harmonic functions satisfying a certain condition round the boundary of the cross-section. The solutions due to Saint-Venant, which include the rectangular, elliptic and circular cross-sections, are all cases in which the cross-sections have two axes of symmetry at right angles, meeting of necessity in the centroid of the cross-section, and along these axes the single transverse load is resolved. These axes are principal axes, and his solution depends upon this fact. Some less useful solutions exist for the load along one axis of certain beams of such bi-axial symmetry of cross-section, the solutions not yet being known for the load along the perpendicular axis.

Geometric evaluation of steel plates subjected to uniform transverse load with rectangular or trapezoidal stiffeners by means constructal design method

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Vinícius Torres Pinto ◽  
Marcelo Langhinrichs Cunha ◽  
Kauê Louro Martins ◽  
Luiz Alberto Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Mauro De Vasconcellos Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Transverse Load ◽  
Constructal Design

scholarly journals Investigation of Welds and Heat Affected Zones in Weld Surfacing Steel Plates Taking into Account the Bead Sequence

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5666
Author(s):  
Miloš Mičian ◽  
Jerzy Winczek ◽  
Marek Gucwa ◽  
Radoslav Koňár ◽  
Miloslav Málek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
The Individual

In this paper, the experimental investigation results of the bead sequence input on geometry, structure, and hardness of surfaced layers after multi-pass weld surfacing are analyzed. Three S355 steel plates surfaced by GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) were tested with three different combinations of six beads. The geometric, structural, and hardness analysis was carried out in the cross-section of the plates in the middle of the welded layers. The dimensions of padded layers, fusion and heat-affected zone, as well as the individual padded weld were evaluated. On the basis of metallographic samples, qualitative and quantitative structure analysis was performed. Hardness measurements in surfacing welds and heat-affected zones in the tested cross-sections of the surfacing layers were carried out. A comparative analysis of structure and hardness, taking into account the thermal implications of the bead sequence, allowed for the formulation of conclusions. Comparative studies have shown differences in properties between heat-affected zones (HAZ) for individual surfacing sequences. These differences were mainly in the dimensions of the surfacing layers, the share of structural components, as well as the uniformity of hardness distributions. Finally, the most favorable sequence in terms of structure and hardness distribution, maximum hardness, and range of hardness has been indicated.

scholarly journals Simulation of the Vibratory Behavior of Slender Shafts Subject to Transverse Loads Moving in the Axial Direction

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
F. Bucchi ◽  
P. Forte
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Transverse Load ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Vibration Level ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Transverse Loads ◽  
Spatial Interval ◽  
Influential Parameters

In various machines of the manufacturing industry, and in particular in paper converting machinery, there are shafts operating under conditions similar to that of a slender beam subjected to a transverse load moving in the axial direction. This condition can lead to vibrations and consequent deterioration of the machine performance and of the product quality. The problem has been theoretically studied in the literature since the 1990s. While shaft mass and stiffness are universally considered among the most influential parameters on its vibratory behavior, less obvious and not investigated in the literature is the influence of the spatial interval between two successive loads, an aspect that should be considered in the shaft design phase. In fact, if that is less than the length of the shaft, i.e., if there is more than one transverse load on the shaft at a given time, the vibration level may decrease with respect to the single-load configuration. This work describes the development of a mathematical model of a slender shaft hinged at its ends, representing the rotor of a paper roll perforating unit, with the SW Mathematica. The effect of a load moving axially at a given speed followed by similar loads after given spatial intervals was simulated investigating the influence of speed and load interval on shaft vibrations and resonance. The results showed how reducing the load interval can lead to a reduction of the shaft vibration which is a useful indication on possible design corrective actions.

scholarly journals A 3-D analysis of the sheared cross-section of electrical steel plates

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 04005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng-Sheng Lin ◽  
Yu-Da Liu ◽  
Hsin-Te Wang ◽  
Kun-Min Huang ◽  
Zhe-An Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Electrical Steel ◽  
Steel Plates
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