Powerhouse concrete quantity estimates

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Shaft ◽  
Unit Size ◽  
Rapid Estimation ◽  
Horizontal Shaft ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Head ◽  
High Head

In this paper formulae are developed for the rapid estimation of the hydroelectric powerhouse concrete volume for nine different types of surface powerhouses, containing high head vertical or horizontal shaft impulse units; high head Francis units intermediate head Francis, Kaplan, or fixed blade propellor units; low head horizontal shaft tube, rim generator, or bulb units; and low head vertical shaft Kaplan or fixed blade propellor units. Heads range from a minimum of 4.65 m up to a maximum of 825 m. Unit size ranges from a minimum of 3000 kVA to a maximum of 615 000 kVA. The formulae are based on statistics derived from 93 hydro developments. In addition formulae are developed for generator casing diameters as a prerequisite to the development of a chart which indicates whether the turbine or the generator will influence powerhouse concrete volume for intermediate head powerplants. Finally, the formulae are used to compare concrete volumes for horizontal and vertical shaft low head powerplants. Keywords: hydroelectric powerhouse, concrete volume.

Paddlefish: Ecological, Aquacultural, and Regulatory Challenges of Managing a Global Resource

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Local Level ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
The Status ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
High Head ◽  
Elevated Rate ◽  
Access And Quality

<i>Abstract</i>.—Paddlefish <i>Polyodon spathula</i> are behaviorally, morphologically, and physiologically adapted for prolonged free-swimming at moderately high speeds but not for maneuverability which makes them prone to impacts from submerged structures. These structures include low-head dams, weirs, dikes, levees, high-head dams, dredges, diversions, intakes, and vessels. Impacts include blocked migrations, reduced access and quality of habitat, entrainment, impingement, trauma, and stranding. Effects of these impacts on individuals are displacement, injuries, and death; effects on populations are fragmentation, lower gene flow, lower reproductive success, and elevated rate of mortality. Despite this, the status of the Paddlefish in most parts of its historic range is secure. Management techniques, like stocking and habitat restoration, are typically implemented at the local level but appear effective at conserving the species range wide. Refinement of management techniques, however, is still possible by modifying operations of structures and by rescuing stranded Paddlefish.

scholarly journals Experimental flow characterization in a spiral vortex drop shaft

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-281
Author(s):  
João Fernandes ◽  
Ricardo Jónatas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Vertical Shaft ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Inlet Channel ◽  
Drop Shaft ◽  
Flow Characterization ◽  
Spiral Vortex ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Water Depths

Abstract Connecting storm-sewers located at rather different elevations may be made with vortex drop shafts in which the energy dissipation is made by the friction between the vertical shaft and the flow and downstream by the impinging jet in a dissipation chamber. Following the first model design in the 1940s, different types of vortex drop shafts have been developed. One of the most used type is the so-called spiral vortex drop shaft developed to work in supercritical flow with good performance in both energy dissipation and space constrains. In this paper, an experimental flow characterization in a spiral vortex drop shaft is conducted covering the three main components of these structures, namely the inlet channel, the vertical shaft and the dissipation chamber. The results include measurement of water depths, pressure and velocity.

The Operating Condition Estimation of the Equipment in Decision-Making Process in the Hydro Power Plant Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 698 ◽  
pp. 785-789
Author(s):  
Yana Panova ◽  
Vladimir Derbenev ◽  
Anastasiya Zhdanovich
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Operational Control ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Operating Condition ◽  
Power Plant Control ◽  
Low Head ◽  
High Head ◽  
Sets Theory

This article is devoted to the principles of constructing the decision support information system at the hydroelectric power plants. It’s assumed that the fuzzy sets theory will be used for the representation of the information about the aggregates operating condition parameters. The paper reflects the advantages of such an approach. The calculations were done for the equipment of the low-head (Novosibirskaya HPP, Hydro Power Plant) and high-head (Sayano–Shushenskaya HPP) power plants. The results obtained are intended for solving the HPPs operational control problems.

scholarly journals A Study on Developing Pico Propeller Turbine for Low Head Micro Hydropower Plants in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradhumna Adhikari ◽  
Umesh Budhathoki ◽  
Shiva Raj Timilsina ◽  
Saurav Manandhar ◽  
Tri Ratna Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Cross Flow ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Constant Thickness ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Low Head ◽  
High Head ◽  
Airfoil Blades

Most of the turbines used in Nepal are medium or high head turbines. These types of turbines are efficient but limited for rivers and streams in the mountain and hilly region which have considerably high head. Low head turbines should be used in the plain region if energy is to be extracted from the water sources there. This helps in the rural electrification and decentralized units in community, reducing the cost of construction of national grid and also to its dependency, in already aggravated crisis situation. There are good turbine designs for medium to high heads but traditional designs for heads under about 5m (i.e. cross flow turbine and waterwheel) are slow running, requiring substantial speed increase to drive an AC generator. Propeller turbines have a higher running speed but the airfoil blades are normally too complicated for micro hydro installations. Therefore, the open volute propeller turbine with constant thickness blades was ventured as possible solution. Such type of propeller turbine is designed to operate at low inlet head and high suction head. This enables the exclusion of closed spiral casing. Also, the constant thickness blades enable the use of forging process instead of casting of complex airfoil blades. This leads to considerable reduction in manufacturing cost and complexity. A 1kW prototype was designed and scale down model of 185W was fabricated and tested. The runner consisted of five blades of 4mm thickness with camber and twist. The runaway speed of 1058 rpm was attained at design flow rate of 25 l/s. At full load the efficiency of model was found to be about 57%. Applying scaling effects the expected efficiency of the prototype was estimated to be about 60%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10669   Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 36–53

Performance Measurement and Analysis of Vertical Shaft V-Twin Engines, and Comparison With Horizontal Engines of the Same Model Class

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Lemieux ◽  
C. Dennis Moore ◽  
Andrew Nahab
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Vertical Shaft ◽  
State University ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
General Utility ◽  
Horizontal Shaft ◽  
Engine Speed Range ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Small Engines

Over the past two years, we have conducted two experimental test series aimed at examining typical performance of gasoline V-twin engines in the 25 hp class, and the suitability of assumed mechanical efficiency in correcting observed measurements. We used engines manufactured by Honda, Kawasaki, Kohler, and Subaru (Robin). The tests were conducted at the Engines Laboratory of the California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly). The Kohler engines are fuel injected while the others three are carbureted. We tested twenty-eight engines in total. The first series of tests included four horizontal shaft engines from each of the manufacturers (sixteen in total), and followed the general guidelines of SAE standard J1349-199506. This paper reports primarily on the subsequent series of twelve engine tests, which included vertical shaft engines of an equivalent family (and displacement class), from three of the original manufacturers: Honda, Kawasaki and Kohler. All three engines have roughly the same engine speed range (2000–4000), and all three reportedly reach peak power at 3600rpm. This is typical of small engines, which may be used to drive small generators in addition to being installed on other equipment. Vertical shaft engines are typically tested on a vertical shaft dynamometer, or one that converts from a horizontal to vertical position. However, these dynamometers are typically either of the water brake or eddy current type. They cannot motor the engine, and thus cannot measure friction mean effective pressure (FMEP) directly, which is the preferred method to quantify friction and mechanical efficiency for engine testing. However, testing vertical shaft engines on a horizontal shaft motoring dynamometer requires an angled gear drive to mate the engine to the dynamometer, and thus adds a loss that complicates the accurate measurement of FMEP and brake output. We present here results using a simple method with which our measurements can be corrected for this loss, in tests of this sort. The study thus expands on our previous results, and shows the extent by which engine to engine variations are affected by shaft configurations, within a given model family, and within similar offerings by different manufacturers. We also analyzed our results to contrast the methodology of SAE J1349-199506 with that of the updated J1349-201109, specifically with respect to using an assumed value of mechanical efficiency to characterize FMEP and correct dynamometer data on small, general utility engines.

The parts of an Anglo-Saxon mill

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 15-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Rahtz ◽  
Donald Bullough
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Vertical Shaft ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Horizontal Shaft

The literature on watermills is extensive, and includes many papers on what is usually called the ‘horizontal’ mill, that is to say mills with a horizontal wheel and a vertical shaft, as against those with a vertical wheel and a horizontal shaft. It is here proposed that the type under discussion in this paper, sometimes called the ‘Norse’ or ‘Greek’ mill, should be called the ‘horizontal-wheeled’ mill, and the other the ‘vertical-wheeled’ mill.

scholarly journals Characteristic analysis of the efficiency hill chart of Francis turbine for different water heads

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 168781401769007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Guo ◽  
Zhaoning Wang ◽  
Longgang Sun ◽  
Xingqi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Francis Turbine ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Model Efficiency ◽  
Hydraulic Turbines ◽  
High Head

According to several model test results of Francis turbines, complete model efficiency hill charts were constructed. The formation and inevitability of diversified hydraulic phenomena on model efficiency hill chart for typical head range were analyzed and the difference is compared, as well as characteristics and commonness toward the curves are discussed and summarized. Furthermore, hydraulic performance and geometric features are presented by particularly analyzing the efficiency hill charts. The inherent characteristics of Francis turbine is expressed by all kinds of curves on the model efficiency hill charts, and these curves can be adjusted and moved in a small range but cannot be removed out. Due to wide range of unit speed in terms of medium-low-head hydraulic turbines, incipient cavitation curve on suction side can be observed and it is positioned close to the operation zone; however, it fails to be visualized for the high-head turbine. The blade channel vortex curves are in the vicinity of optimum region for low-head hydraulic turbines, while high-head shows reverse trend. The interaction between zero incidence angle and zero circulation curve has a significant influence on isoefficiency circles. All comparisons and analyses could provide hydraulic design basis and retrofit references.

Features of low-head pumping stations with horizontal-shaft sets

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-515
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Landau ◽  
G. T. Zavalinich
Keyword(s):  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Horizontal Shaft ◽  
Low Head

Performance Prediction by Viscous Flow Analysis for Francis Turbine Runner

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Vu ◽  
W. Shyy
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Computational Algorithm ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Francis Turbine ◽  
Turbine Runner ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Low Head ◽  
High Head

Validation of a three-dimensional computational algorithm for viscous flow analysis has been conducted for two types of Francis turbine runner geometry, one low head and one high head, using experimental measurement. Assessment has been made for both qualitative features of flow behavior, as well as quantitative distribution of blade pressure and head loss. The influence of the grid size on the accuracy of the numerical solution is also discussed. Effort has been made to address some of the design issues, and to demonstrate that the present computational algorithm can make useful contributions to help improve the current design practices.

scholarly journals Determination of Building Mortar Mixers Effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.2) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Ivan Rohozin ◽  
Oleksiy Vasyliev ◽  
Anna Pavelieva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Planetary Motion ◽  
Vertical Shaft ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Horizontal Shaft ◽  
Operating Element ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Working Efficiency ◽  
General Method

The peculiarities of building mortar mixes preparation in cyclic compulsory mixers of various designs have been considered in this article. The work of mixers with a horizontal shaft, a vertical shaft, beaters, screw straps, as well as planetary motion of mixing stars with beaters have been described in detail. The main attention here is paid to the constructive performance of machinery. A relative assessment is given to the manual bearing groups. The multi-purpose system of numerical indices necessary for the performance assessment of mixers’ running efficiency is proposed and defined in this paper. The design of the mixers is considered in this research according to the number of components of the mixture particles motion, which arise from the constrained influence of the movable operating element. The indicators of net weight and area in the plan are attributed to the productivity. The general method of determining the coefficient for assessing the impact, exerted by the design of the mixers on their running efficiency, has also been developed by the authors of this scientific investigation. The obtained data will enable to investigate and improve the design of the mixers, finding the ways to increase their working efficiency.  

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