Analysis of wave action in permeable structures

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Nasser ◽  
J. A. McCorquodale
Keyword(s):  
Wave Motion ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Flume Experiments ◽  
Rectangular Section ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
External Wave

This study treats wave motion within rectangular and sloping rockfill embankments with impervious cores. The non-Darcy flow in the rockfill is solved by a finite difference one-dimensional model. The characteristic directions are used to control the discretization of the solution domain. The entrance boundary condition (outcrop point) is computed from the external wave motion on the face of the rockfill. An equivalent rectangular section is used to approximate a sloping embankment, and waves on slopes are classified as 'fast' or 'slow rising.' The mathematical model yields phreatic line profiles with time. The model is supported by several wave flume experiments.

scholarly journals Analysis of sediment particle velocity in wave motion based on wave flume experiments

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Adam Krupiński
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Wave Motion ◽  
Steady Motion ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Flume Experiments ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Single Wave ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Dynamic Velocity ◽  
Bed Material

Abstract The experiment described was one of the elements of research into sediment transport conducted by the Division of Geotechnics of West-Pomeranian University of Technology. The experimental analyses were performed within the framework of the project “Building a knowledge transfer network on the directions and perspectives of developing wave laboratory and in situ research using innovative research equipment” launched by the Institute of Hydroengineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Gdańsk. The objective of the experiment was to determine relations between sediment transport and wave motion parameters and then use the obtained results to modify formulas defining sediment transport in rivers, like Ackers-White formula, by introducing basic parameters of wave motion as the force generating bed material transport. The article presents selected results of the experiment concerning sediment velocity field analysis conducted for different parameters of wave motion. The velocity vectors of particles suspended in water were measured with a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) apparatus registering suspended particles in a measurement flume by producing a series of laser pulses and analysing their displacement with a high-sensitivity camera connected to a computer. The article presents velocity fields of suspended bed material particles measured in the longitudinal section of the wave flume and their comparison with water velocity profiles calculated for the definite wave parameters. The results presented will be used in further research for relating parameters essential for the description of monochromatic wave motion to basic sediment transport parameters and „transforming” mean velocity and dynamic velocity in steady motion to mean wave front velocity and dynamic velocity in wave motion for a single wave.

scholarly journals A tool for multi-scale modelling of the renal nephron

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Nickerson ◽  
Jonna R. Terkildsen ◽  
Kirk L. Hamilton ◽  
Peter J. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The Mathematical Model

We present the development of a tool, which provides users with the ability to visualize and interact with a comprehensive description of a multi-scale model of the renal nephron. A one-dimensional anatomical model of the nephron has been created and is used for visualization and modelling of tubule transport in various nephron anatomical segments. Mathematical models of nephron segments are embedded in the one-dimensional model. At the cellular level, these segment models use models encoded in CellML to describe cellular and subcellular transport kinetics. A web-based presentation environment has been developed that allows the user to visualize and navigate through the multi-scale nephron model, including simulation results, at the different spatial scales encompassed by the model description. The Zinc extension to Firefox is used to provide an interactive three-dimensional view of the tubule model and the native Firefox rendering of scalable vector graphics is used to present schematic diagrams for cellular and subcellular scale models. The model viewer is embedded in a web page that dynamically presents content based on user input. For example, when viewing the whole nephron model, the user might be presented with information on the various embedded segment models as they select them in the three-dimensional model view. Alternatively, the user chooses to focus the model viewer on a cellular model located in a particular nephron segment in order to view the various membrane transport proteins. Selecting a specific protein may then present the user with a description of the mathematical model governing the behaviour of that protein—including the mathematical model itself and various simulation experiments used to validate the model against the literature.

scholarly journals The Evolution of an Average Solar Granule

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 51-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Altrock
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Line Center ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Vacuum Tower ◽  
Velocity Fluctuations ◽  
Maximum Brightness ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Sacramento Peak Observatory ◽  
Better Than

AbstractHigh-resolution photographic spectra of the center of the solar disk have been obtained with the Vacuum Tower Telescope at Sacramento Peak Observatory. Two weak iron lines and the neighboring continuum were recorded with 40 sec time resolutions and better than 1” spatial resolution over a period of 40 min. Intensity and velocity fluctuations were obtained in the two lines and continuum as a function of time and space, and 300 sec oscillations were filtered out. The resulting fluctuations, due solely to granulation, were assembled into an ensemble average of the center of a granule and the center of an intergranular lane, as a function of time. The intensity-fluctuation data have been analyzed through calculation of model line profiles to yield temperature fluctuations in a granule as functions of time and height. We find that the line parameters are distinctly out of phase with continuum brightness, so that, for example, maximum brightness at line center occurs approximately 100 sec prior to maximum continuum brightness. A series of one-dimensional model atmospheres representing the granule at various stages of its lifetime is presented.

Modelling Techniques in Applied Glaciology: Numerical Modelling of Avalanches

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 297-297
Author(s):  
G. Brugnot
Keyword(s):  
Finite Difference Method ◽  
Transverse Velocity ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Reference Grid ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future

We consider the paper by Brugnot and Pochat (1981), which describes a one-dimensional model applied to a snow avalanche. The main advance made here is the introduction of the second dimension in the runout zone. Indeed, in the channelled course, we still use the one-dimensional model, but, when the avalanche spreads before stopping, we apply a (x, y) grid on the ground and six equations have to be solved: (1) for the avalanche body, one equation for continuity and two equations for momentum conservation, and (2) at the front, one equation for continuity and two equations for momentum conservation. We suppose the front to be a mobile jump, with longitudinal velocity varying more rapidly than transverse velocity.We solve these equations by a finite difference method. This involves many topological problems, due to the actual position of the front, which is defined by its intersection with the reference grid (SI, YJ). In the near future our two directions of research will be testing the code on actual avalanches and improving it by trying to make it cheaper without impairing its accuracy.

Tilting transitions in a one-dimensional model lipid monolayer

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2889-2896 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Gianotti ◽  
M J Grimson ◽  
M Silbert
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Monolayer ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
One Dimensional
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