A model for analyzing water reuse and resource recovery potential in urban areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1202-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan I. Thoren ◽  
Jim Atwater ◽  
Pierre Berube
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Recycling Potential ◽  
Wastewater Infrastructure ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Expansion and densification of urbanized areas can lead to increased pressure on an area’s water and wastewater infrastructure. This paper presents an optimization model using geographic information systems to locate potential sources and sinks of reclaimed water within an urbanized area. A mathematical solver then maximizes the water reuse using a set of constraints on mass balance, water quality, and electricity used for pumping. Three variations of the model are applied to Vancouver, British Columbia. The first scenario identifies a number of potential industrial sources and sinks for direct cascading with a total potential water savings of 133 400 m3/year. With the implementation of a satellite water reclamation facility in scenario 2, water recycling potential is increased to a maximum of 613 800 m3/year. Scenario 3 expands to include the non-industrial water users and the potential for water reuse is increased to a maximum of 969 200 m3/year.

scholarly journals Water reuse system in Xi'an Municipality of China

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Chen ◽  
Xiaochang Wang ◽  
Yanzheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Central City ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Reuse System

A water reuse system was formulated for the Xi'an International Metropolitan Urban Planning Project, with the aim of mitigating water stress in the central city of Xi'an, China in 2020. The main reuse purposes of the reclaimed water were agriculture, industry, municipal, ecological, and indoor uses. A wastewater reuse potential capacity of 427.2 × 106 m3/yr was deduced by analyzing the water demand for the different reuse purposes. This reuse capacity makes significant contribution to increasing the total urban water supply capacity and mitigating the water shortage problems imposed by the process of urbanization. A supply scheme for the reclaimed water was configured, which comprised the reclaimed water sources, water supply service areas, and the main reuse purposes. As a result, a wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)-centered reclaimed water supply system was formed, and the main reuse purposes of the 15 WWTPs and their service districts were defined. Through an economic analysis, the feasibility and benefits of the water reuse system were ascertained. Overall, this study provided the theoretical basis and implementation strategies for a system configuration of water reuse in Xi'an City and also contributed to solving the water-deficiency problems associated with the rapidly developing urban areas in China.

scholarly journals Reclaiming Suburbia: Differences in Local Identity and Public Perceptions of Potable Water Reuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Redman ◽  
Kerri Jean Ormerod ◽  
Scott Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Northern Nevada

Urban water managers are increasingly interested in incorporating reclaimed water into drinking supplies, particularly in rapidly growing arid and semi-arid urban areas, such as the western United States. Northern Nevada is one location that is considering augmenting drinking water supplies with reclaimed water, a practice that is known as planned potable water reuse. Potable water reuse can expand water supply and reduce wastewater disposal. However, past studies have shown that the introduction of potable reclaimed water can be controversial and requires an understanding of public perceptions of the resource prior to implementation. This study explores the factors that influence whether or not respondents in northern Nevada express willingness to drink reclaimed water. We pay specific attention to the degree to which self-identification as an urban, suburban, or rural resident influences how people consider using treated wastewater for both potable and non-potable purposes. To address this, we conducted a survey to assess community perceptions of reclaimed water use and applications in northern Nevada in the spring of 2018. We find that years spent living in the home and a respondent being female are negative and significant predictors of being willing to drink reclaimed water, while having heard of reclaimed water before and self-identification as a suburban resident are positive and significant predictors. As the region becomes more developed, particularly in its growing suburbs, it is essential to understand the nature of the interests and concerns regarding water resources and the expanded use of reclaimed water.

The Urban Water Cycle

2010 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Les Dawes ◽  
Jim Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Wastewater Infrastructure ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Resources

The increasing scarcity of water in the world, along with rapid population increase in urban areas, gives reason for concern and highlights the need for integrating water and wastewater management practices. The uncontrolled growth in urban areas has made planning, management and expansion of water and wastewater infrastructure systems very difficult and expensive. In order to achieve sustainable wastewater treatment and promote the conservation of water and nutrient resources, this chapter advocates the need for a closed-loop treatment system approach, and the transformation of the traditional linear treatment systems into integrated cyclical treatment systems. The recent increased understanding of integrated resource management and a shift towards sustainable management and planning of water and wastewater infrastructure are also discussed.

Economic considerations and decision support tool for wastewater reuse scheme planning

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hochstrat ◽  
D. Joksimovic ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
T. Melin ◽  
D. Savic
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Economic Considerations

The reuse of upgraded wastewater for beneficial uses is increasingly adopted and accepted as a tool in water management. However, funding of schemes is still a critical issue. The focus of this paper is on economic considerations of water reuse planning. A survey of pricing mechanisms for reclaimed water revealed that most schemes are subsidised to a great extent. In order to minimise these state contributions to the implementation and operation of reuse projects, their planning should identify a least cost design option. This also has to take into account the established pricing structure for conventional water resources and the possibility of gaining revenues from reclaimed water pricing. The paper presents a case study which takes into account these aspects. It evaluates different scheme designs with regard to their Net Present Value (NPV). It could be demonstrated that for the same charging level, quite different amounts of reclaimed water can be delivered while still producing an overall positive NPV. Moreover, the economic feasibility and competitiveness of a reuse scheme is highly determined by the cost structure of the conventional water market.

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