Analysis of work trip timing and mode choice in the Greater Toronto Area

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Day ◽  
Khandker Nurul Habib ◽  
Eric J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Work Hour ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Work Trip ◽  
Peak Spreading ◽  
The Relationship

This paper focuses on examining and analyzing observed trends in work trip making in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Commuter trip timing and mode choice behaviour are investigated to explain the main reasons behind peak spreading observed in cordon count data from 1975 through 2004 and to better understand the relationship between modal and temporal decisions. From analysis it becomes clear that significant differences exist in the trip timing trends of individuals choosing different modes. Multinomial logit mode choice models are developed for separate occupation groups, revealing significant differences in the mode choice preferences between occupation groups. Such differences are related to the differences in occupation-specific factors, including labour rates, work hour rules, free parking availability, and the spatial distribution of work locations. Overall, the investigations of this paper indicate that a joint analysis and modelling of trip timing and mode choice has considerable merit in travel demand models.

Gender-Based Analysis of Work Trip Mode Choice of Commuters in Suburban Montreal, Canada, with Stated Preference Data

2005 ◽  
Vol 1924 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Patterson ◽  
Gordon Ewing ◽  
Murtaza Haider
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Work Trip ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Commuting Patterns

Transportation literature suggests that men and women differ in their commuting patterns and in their propensity to switch between travel options. In North America, it is expected that women will have an increasing impact on travel demand. As such, differences in female responses to travel demand management strategies are likely to become increasingly important as governments try to curtail travel demand. This paper uses a 1994 stated preference survey of suburban commuters in Montreal, Canada, to determine whether there is evidence for differences between men and women in the factors that affect work trip choices, to quantify those differences, and to suggest what the differences imply for travel demand management in the future in Montreal. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows. First, women and men should be modeled separately for work trip mode choice. Second, three main differences appear from the econometric models: women are less likely to choose public transit than men; women are more likely to choose to rideshare; and women are less time-sensitive in regard to commuting than men are.

Trip End Mode Split

1996 ◽  
Vol 1556 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Amer S. Shalaby ◽  
Gerald N. Steuart
Keyword(s):  
Mode Choice ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Mode Shift ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Model Sets ◽  
Mode Split ◽  
Work Trip

Trip interchange models and their underlying assumption that relative level of service (LOS) of travel modes is a major determinant of mode choice for the work trip are examined. The investigation is done through a comparative analysis of trip end and trip interchange mode split for work trips in the greater Toronto area (GTA). Two model sets are developed; one includes trip end models and the other includes trip interchange models. The models are developed using a relatively new statistical procedure for nonparametric analysis of data referred to as classification and regression trees. The results show that the explanatory power enjoyed by trip end models is virtually the same as that of trip interchange models. Relative LOS is found to have an insignificant role in explaining heterogeneity in mode split, particularly outside the central business district of the study area. It is recommended that predictions made by trip interchange models of mode shift following changes in LOS attributes be approached with caution. Trip end models, which attribute less significance to relative LOS than trip interchange models and are thus conservative with respect to mode shift, could be considered in planning studies, particularly in areas of low transit use. The interaction between the decisions of residential and employment locations, car ownership, and mode choice is emphasized, and the need for more research to investigate and model such interactions is stressed.

Identifying mode choice constrained urban travel market segments

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 924-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Wilson ◽  
A. M. Stevens ◽  
J. B. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Decision Context ◽  
Work Trip ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Choice Set

A new travel choice decision context and urban transport market segmentation is proposed. The research addresses the issue of the definition and measurement of captive/chooser market segments in the Regional Municipality of Ottawa–Carleton. It deals with the questions of mode choice for the work trip to the downtown core of the City of Ottawa, an area of particular concern to the transportation planners and decision makers of that region. Based on the necessity that an individual place himself in a position to perceive alternatives, a conceptual decision process for individuals is proposed. In the general case it is hypothesized that the urban transport market for a given alternative may be segmented into four groups of users across a continuum of choice. The four groups are referred to as the choice set hierarchy and represent populations of mode users with different potentials to change their mode of travel. Each of the market segments is sensitive to different kinds of transport system management (TSM) policies, and the research aims at developing a technique that might facilitate the development of baseline estimates of the impact of different policies on the urban transport system. Using a case study approach based on workplace surveys taken in the downtown core of Ottawa and involving only mode choice for the work trip, researchers successfully identified a simplified two-group market segmentation based on choosers and captives to given modes. In addition, using the same data base and objective responses to questions in the survey, a four-group choice set hierarchy market segmentation is also successfully identified. Trip-related and traveller-related data provided by the respondents are examined using analysis of variance techniques, and significant differences in characteristics between each of the four-group market segments are identified. Key words: transportation models, travel demand, urban transportation, market segmentation, mode choice.

Urban Form and Vehicular Travel: Some Empirical Findings

1998 ◽  
Vol 1617 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Miller ◽  
Amal Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Central Core ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Work Trip ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Some empirical findings are presented on the relationship between urban form and work trip commuting efficiency, drawn from the analysis of 1986 work trip commuting patterns in the greater Toronto area. Work trip commuting efficiency is measured with respect to the average number of vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) per worker in a given zone. Preliminary findings include VKT per worker increases as one moves away from both the central core of the city and from other high-density employment centers within the region; job-housing balance, per se, shows little impact on commuting VKT; and population density, in and of itself, does not explain variations on commuting VKT once other urban structure variables have been accounted for.

Assessment of Intermodal Transfer Penalties Using Stated Preference Data

1997 ◽  
Vol 1607 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongfang Liu ◽  
Ram M. Pendyala ◽  
Steven Polzin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Discrete Choice Models ◽  
Preference Data ◽  
Stated Preference Data ◽  
Penalty Factor ◽  
Demand Models

Since the passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 there has been an increasing interest in the planning and design of an intermodal passenger transportation system. It has long been recognized that modal transfer has a certain penalty associated with it. The recent surge in intermodal planning merits an in-depth examination and accurate measurement of the penalties associated with transfers between modes. Current planning procedures usually involve an ad hoc treatment of transfer penalties based on various assumptions of wait time and value of time. To better assess the disutility associated with modal transfers, discrete choice models are used to quantify transfer penalties and their effects on mode choice in different transfer contexts. Revealed and stated preference data from the New York–New Jersey commute corridors are used to estimate logit models of mode choice reflecting the impacts of modal transfers. The model results suggest that the penalty factor associated with transfer time should be higher than that traditionally used in travel demand models and that the value of the transfer penalty varies according to the type of modal transfer.

PENGEMBANGAN ”REAL TIME TRAFFIC INFORMATION SYSTEM” BAGI PENGGUNA JALAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusmadi Suyuti
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Road User ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Traffic Counts ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Demand Models

Traffic information condition is a very useful  information for road user because road user can choose his best route for each trip from his origin to his destination. The final goal for this research is to develop real time traffic information system for road user using real time traffic volume. Main input for developing real time traffic information system is an origin-destination (O-D) matrix to represent the travel pattern. However, O-D matrices obtained through a large scale survey such as home or road side interviews, tend to be costly, labour intensive and time disruptive to trip makers. Therefore, the alternative of using traffic counts to estimate O-D matrices is particularly attractive. Models of transport demand have been used for many years to synthesize O-D matrices in study areas. A typical example of the approach is the gravity model; its functional form, plus the appropriate values for the parameters involved, is employed to produce acceptable matrices representing trip making behaviour for many trip purposes and time periods. The work reported in this paper has combined the advantages of acceptable travel demand models with the low cost and availability of traffic counts. Two types of demand models have been used: gravity (GR) and gravity-opportunity (GO) models. Four estimation methods have been analysed and tested to calibrate the transport demand models from traffic counts, namely: Non-Linear-Least-Squares (NLLS), Maximum-Likelihood (ML), Maximum-Entropy (ME) and Bayes-Inference (BI). The Bandung’s Urban Traffic Movement survey has been used to test the developed method. Based on several statistical tests, the estimation methods are found to perform satisfactorily since each calibrated model reproduced the observed matrix fairly closely. The tests were carried out using two assignment techniques, all-or-nothing and equilibrium assignment.  

scholarly journals Address-based computation of intra-cell distances for travel demand models

2021 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Matthias Heinrichs ◽  
Rita Cyganski ◽  
Daniel Krajzewicz
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Models

scholarly journals The impacts of mediating the work environment on the mode choice in work trips

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 592-605
Author(s):  
Melchior Bria ◽  
Ludfi Djakfar ◽  
Achmad Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The impacts of work characteristics on travel mode choice behavior has been studied for a long time, focusing on the work type, income, duration, and working time. However, there are no comprehensive studies on the influence of travel behavior. Therefore, this study examines the influence of work environment as a mediator of socio-economic variables, trip characteristics, transportation infrastructure and services, the environment and choice of transportation mode on work trips. The mode of transportation consists of three variables, including public transportation (bus rapid transit and mass rapid transit), private vehicles (cars and motorbikes), and online transportation (online taxis and motorbike taxis online). Multivariate analysis using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling method was used to explain the relationship between variables in the model. According to the results, the mediating impact of work environment is significant on transportation choices only for environmental variables. The mediating mode choice effect is negative for public transportation and complimentary for private vehicles and online transportation. Other variables directly affect mode choice, including the influence of work environment.

scholarly journals Eco-Efficiency and Human Capital Efficiency: Example of Small- and Medium-Sized Family Farms in Selected European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6846
Author(s):  
Jan Polcyn
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Work Hour ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Measure

Small- and medium-sized family farms are places to live and sources of income for about half of the population. The aim of this analysis was to determine the relationship between eco-efficiency and human capital efficiency on small- and medium-sized family farms. The analysis was carried out using an economic measure (value of agricultural production per work hour calculated per hectare) and two synthetic measures (human capital and environmental measures). The synthetic measures were determined using the TOPSIS-CRITIC method by defining weights for variables used in the measures. The analysis covered five countries: Lithuania (960 farms), Moldavia (532 farms), Poland (696 farms), Romania (872 farms) and Serbia (524 farms). All of these countries are characterised by a high fragmentation of agricultural holdings. The analysis allowed us to formulate the following conclusions: eco-efficiency and human capital efficiency indices increased with area for small- and medium-sized family farms. An increase in the eco-efficiency index with an increase in farm area suggests that the smaller the farm area, the more extensive the agricultural production that was carried out. In addition, an increase in human capital efficiency with an increase in farm area indicates that there was inefficiency in the utilisation of human capital resources on the agricultural farms studied.

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