Modelling wastewater effluent mixing and dispersion in a tidal channel

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Li ◽  
D. O. Hodgins
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Initial Dilution ◽  
Discharge Flow Rate ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ambient Currents ◽  
Water Quality Problem

The dilution and dispersion behaviour of wastewater effluent discharged from the Lions Gate Wastewater Treatment Plant into Burrard Inlet in British Columbia is investigated. This investigation focuses on the initial dilution zone, where low dilutions or high concentrations of contaminants contained in the effluent potentially pose a water-quality problem. We took the numerical approach and used field measurements of effluent dilutions, ambient stratification, and currents made in the vicinity of the discharge point for model input and verification. Predictions of effluent dilution and trapping compare well with the field results. We successfully determined the zone of exposure, effluent dilutions, trapping depths, and dispersion pathways as a function of discharge flow rate, ambient currents, and ambient stratification. It is shown that effluent trapping and dilutions in the initial dilution zone are governed mainly by the ambient currents, discharge rate, and, to a small extent, ambient stratification.

scholarly journals Infectivity of Giardia duodenalis Cysts from UV Light-Disinfected Wastewater Effluent Using a Nude BALB/c Mouse Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Urbano dos Santos ◽  
Delma Pegolo Alves ◽  
Ana Maria Aparecida Guaraldo ◽  
Romeu Cantusio Neto ◽  
Mauricio Durigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The City

Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan of public health interest that causes gastroenteritis in humans and other animals. In the city of Campinas in southeast Brazil, giardiasis is endemic, and this pathogen is detected at high concentrations in wastewater effluents, which are potential reservoirs for transmission. The Samambaia wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the city of Campinas employs an activated sludge system for sewage treatment and ultraviolet (UV) light for disinfection of effluents. To evaluate this disinfection process with respect to inactivating G. duodenalis cysts, two sample types were investigated: (i) effluent without UV disinfection (EFL) and (ii) effluent with UV disinfection (EFL+UV). Nude immunodeficient BALB/c mice were intragastrically inoculated with a mean dose of 14 cysts of G. duodenalis recovered from effluent from this WWTP, EFL, or EFL+UV. All animals inoculated with G. duodenalis cysts developed the infection, but animals inoculated with UV-exposed cysts released a lower average concentration of cysts in their faeces than animals inoculated with cysts that were not UV disinfected. Trophozoites were also observed in both groups of animals. These findings suggest that G. duodenalis cysts exposed to UV light were damaged but were still able to cause infection.

scholarly journals High concentrations of coarse particles emitted from a cattle feeding operation

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 8809-8823 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hiranuma ◽  
S. D. Brooks ◽  
J. Gramann ◽  
B. W. Auvermann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Organic Particles

Abstract. Housing roughly 10 million head of cattle in the United States alone, open air cattle feedlots represent a significant but poorly constrained source of atmospheric particles. Here we present a comprehensive characterization of physical and chemical properties of particles emitted from a large representative cattle feedlot in the Southwest United States. In the summer of 2008, measurements and samplings were conducted at the upwind and downwind edges of the facility. A series of far-field measurements and samplings was also conducted 3.5 km north of the facility. Two instruments, a GRIMM Sequential Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and a GRIMM Portable Aerosol Spectrometer (PAS), were used to measure particle size distributions over the range of 0.01 to 25 μm diameter. Raman microspectroscopy was used to determine the chemical composition of particles on a single particle basis. Volume size distributions of dust were dominated by coarse mode particles. Twenty-four hour averaged concentrations of PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter of 10 μm or less) were as high as 1200 μg m−3 during the campaign. The primary constituents of the particulate matter were carbonaceous materials, such as humic acid, water soluble organics, and less soluble fatty acids, including stearic acid and tristearin. A significant fraction of the organic particles was present in internal mixtures with salts. Basic characteristics such as size distribution and composition of agricultural aerosols were found to be different than the properties of those found in urban and semi-urban aerosols. Failing to account for such differences may lead to errors in estimates of aerosol effects on local air quality, visibility, and public health.

Nitrogen removal from digester supernatant via nitrite - SBR or SHARON?

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fux ◽  
K. Lange ◽  
A. Faessler ◽  
P. Huber ◽  
B. Grueniger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrite Oxidation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Sharon Process

Separate biological elimination of nitrogen from the digester supernatant of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was investigated in pilot and full-scale plants. Denitrification mainly via nitrite was achieved in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a continuous flow reactor (CSTR or SHARON). Suppression of nitrite oxidation in the SBR was feasible at short aerobic/anaerobic intervals allowing for immediate denitrification of the produced nitrite. Nitrate production could also be stopped by exposing the biomass to anaerobic conditions for 11 days. Temporarily high concentrations (up to 80 gNH3-Nm-3) of free ammonia could not be considered as the major reason for inhibiting nitrite oxidation. In a full-scale SBR plant 90% of the nitrogen load was denitrified in a total hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.6 days and with a sludge age between 15 and 20 days. Ethanol and methanol were used for denitrification. The specific average substrate consumption was 2.2 gCODdosedg-1Nremoved with an effective biomass yield of 0.2 gCODbiomassg-1CODdosed. No dosing with base was required. In the SHARON process full nitrogen elimination was achieved only with a total HRT greater than 4 days at 29°C. The overall costs were estimated at €1.4 kg-1Nremoved for the SBR and €1.63 kg-1Nremoved in SHARON mode, respectively. The SHARON process is simple in operation (CSTR) but the tank volume has to be significantly greater than in SBR.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PROBIOTIC PRODUCTS ON THE QUALITY OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT IN DAIRY INDUSTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Elena I. VIALKOVA ◽  
Olga V. SIDORENKO ◽  
Ekaterina S. GLUSHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays there is the problem of the effective treatment of dairy industry plants’ wastewaters. Industrial wastewaters of these plants have high concentrations of organic matters and differ significantly from domestic wastewaters. The method of intensification of dairy wastewaters treatment in Tyumen region, using probiotic «PIP Plus WATER» (Belgium) is considered in this article. The article presents the results of conducted research on the impact of the probiotic on such wastewaters indices as pH, chemical oxygen demand, anionic surfactants, ammonium, nitrites, nitrates and phosphates concentrations. The comparison among different ways of wastewater treatment with probiotics has been made. Based on obtained results technological scheme of local treatment plant of dairy industry plant has been suggested.

Proximity to wastewater effluent alters behaviour in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis machrochirus)

Behaviour ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (15) ◽  
pp. 1495-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne R. McLean ◽  
Sherry N.N. Du ◽  
Jasmine A. Choi ◽  
Brett M. Culbert ◽  
Erin S. McCallum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Reference Site ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Wastewater from municipal, agricultural and industrial sources is a pervasive contaminant of aquatic environments worldwide. Most studies that have investigated the negative impacts of wastewater on organisms have taken place in a laboratory. Here, we tested whether fish behaviour is altered by exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of wastewater effluent in the field. We caged bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) for 28 days at two sites downstream (adjacent to and 870 m) from a wastewater treatment plant and at a reference site without wastewater inputs. We found that exposed fish had a dampened response to simulated predation compared to unexposed fish, suggesting that fish may be at greater risk of predation after exposure to wastewater effluent. Fish held at the different sites did not differ in activity and exploration. Our results suggest that predator avoidance may be impaired in fish exposed to wastewater effluent, which could have detrimental implications for aquatic communities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of treated municipal wastewater effluent for agricultural irrigation purposes using the fuzzy effluent quality index (FEQI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Seyed Hesam Alihosseini ◽  
Ali Torabian ◽  
Farzam Babaei Semiromi
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

Abstract The issues of freshwater scarcity in arid and semi-arid areas could be reduced via treated municipal wastewater effluent (TMWE). Artificial intelligence methods, especially the fuzzy inference system, have proven their ability in TMWE quality evaluation in complex and uncertain systems. The primary aim of this study was to use a Mamdani fuzzy inference system to present an index for agricultural application based on the Iranian water quality index (IWQI). Since the uncertainties were disregarded in the conventional IWQI, the present study improved this procedure by using fuzzy logic and then the fuzzy effluent quality index (FEQI) was proposed as a hybrid fuzzy-based index. TMWE samples of the Gheitarie wastewater treatment plant in Tehran city recorded from 2011 to 2017 were taken into consideration for testing the ability of the proposed index. The results of the FEQI showed samples categorized as ‘Excellent’ (21), ‘Good’ (10), ‘Fair’ (4), and ‘Marginal’ (1) for the warm seasons, and for the cool seasons, the samples categorized as ‘Excellent’, ‘Good’ and ‘Fair’ were 17, 18 and 1, respectively. Generally, a comparison between the IWQI and proposed model results revealed the FEQI's superiority in TMWE quality assessment.

Modelling the total ammonia impact of CSO and WWTP effluent on the receiving water

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Holzer ◽  
Peter Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Fish Poison ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Rain Events

For 25 rain events test runs were performed on a catchment of a small town, where 40% of the person equivalents are connected to a separate sewer system and 60% to a combined one. We investigate the effects of rain events with regard to NH4-loads discharged by the wastewater treatment plant and by a combined sewer overflow. NH4-concentrations in the river caused by these loads are also discussed. NH4 is important as (i) it closely interrelates with NH3 – a fish poison – and (ii) it stands for dissolved compounds that mainly origin from the wastewater. The sewer system is simulated with three different options: with a combined water retention tank connected to the CSO structure, with a sewage retention tank at the interface between the separate and the combined system, and without any retention structure. While the sewage retention tank performs better concerning the integrated load discharged into the river, the combined sewer retention tank is more efficient in decreasing peak values and duration of high concentrations in the river. We also show that NH4 peak concentrations in the river are largely due to a wash-out effect in the main sewer at the beginning of a rain event.

Effect of Pre-Ozonation on Removal of Organic Matter during Water Treatment Plant Operations

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Edwards ◽  
Markus Boller ◽  
Mark M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Plant Operations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Main Effects

Pre-ozonation altered removal of organic matter during bench or full-scale water treatment through two main effects. First, pre-ozonation directly removed organic matter by mineralization, volatilization and/or stripping reactions, improving removal in comparison to unozonated systems. On the other hand, pre-ozonation decreased the surface charge of floc formed after coagulation with hydrolyzable metal salts, hindering adsorptive removal of the anionic organic molecules by floc surfaces and/or inducing stabilized floc formation; changes that decrease removal in comparison to unozonated systems. The relative importance of the two effects determined whether pre-ozonation enhanced or hindered removal of organic matter. In most water treatment plants pre-ozonation is predicted to have an adverse effect on physical removal of organic matter at ozone doses above about 0.7 mg O3/mg TOC, while enhanced removal may occur if relatively high concentrations of volatile organic matter are present. In ancillary results, pre-ozonation hindered turbidity removal and increased the concentration of coagulant metal residuals in finished drinking water at low coagulant doses.

scholarly journals Novel Method for Rapid Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Environmental Waters by Use of a Modified Chromogenic Agar

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 2224-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Watkinson ◽  
G. R. Micalizzi ◽  
J. R. Bates ◽  
S. D. Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Disk Susceptibility

ABSTRACT We validated a novel method for screening Escherichia coli resistance to antibiotics in environmental samples using modified Difco MI agar (Becton Dickinson) impregnated with selected antibiotics (tetracycline, ampicillin, cephalexin, and sulfamethoxazole), termed MI-R. This method combines an existing rapid assessment technique for E. coli enumeration with clinical reference data for breakpoint analysis of antibiotic resistance and was developed to address issues encountered when clinical methods are used with environmental samples. Initial trials conducted using strains of E. coli with resistance to the selected antibiotics showed that this method was reproducible and accurate with respect to antibiotic resistance. Trials using wastewater effluent demonstrated the precision of the method, and the levels of resistance found in effluent were directly comparable to the levels of antibiotic resistance determined using the more traditional CLSI (formerly NCCLS) disk susceptibility test. All wastewater isolates growing on MI-R plates were confirmed to be resistant using the CLSI disk susceptibility test. Bacterial resistance to ampicillin (38% ± 4% overall), sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline (21% ± 3% overall), and ciprofloxacin (6% ± 1%) were found in wastewater effluent. A successful trial was also conducted with water collected from the Brisbane River, Australia. The levels of antibiotic resistance in E. coli ranged from 0 to 47% for ampicillin, from 0 to 24% for tetracycline, from 0 to 63% for sulfamethoxazole, and from 0 to 1% for ciprofloxacin, with the highest incidence of resistance associated with wastewater treatment plant discharges. This method has great potential for rapid and representative assessment of antibiotic resistance in E. coli and could allow increased sample analysis, resulting in greater confidence in spatial analysis in environmental studies.

Ochrobactrum tritici strain 5bvl1 — characterization of a Cr(VI)-resistant and Cr(VI)-reducing strain

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Branco ◽  
M Carmen Alpoim ◽  
Paula V Morais
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Ochrobactrum Tritici

Bacterial strain 5bvl1, isolated from a chromium-contaminated wastewater treatment plant and identified as Ochrobactrum tritici, was resistant to a broad range of antibiotics, to Cr(VI), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II), and was able to grow in the presence of 5% NaCl and within the pH range 4–10. Characterization showed that strain 5bvl1 could be considered a halotolerant and alkalitolerant microorganism resistant to high concentrations of Cr(VI). This strain was able to grow aerobically in up to 10 mmol·L–1 Cr(VI). Cr(VI) resistance was independent of sulphate concentration. Under aerobic conditions strain 5bvl1 was also able to reduce high Cr(VI) concentrations (up to 1.7 mmol·L–1). Increasing concentrations of Cr(VI) in the medium lowered the growth rate of strain 5bv11 but the reduction in growth rate could not be directly correlated with the amount of Cr(VI) reduced. Unlike the type strain, which was only able to reduce Cr(VI), strain 5bvl1 was resistant to Cr(VI) and able to reduce it. Moreover, in strain 5bvl1, the rate and extent of Cr(VI)-reduction were higher than in the other strains of the genus Ochrobactrum. Ochrobactrum strain 5bvl1 resists high Cr(VI) concentrations and has a high Cr(VI)-reducing ability, making it a valuable tool in bioremediation.Key words: Ochrobactrum, Cr(VI) resistance, Cr(VI)-reduction, heavy metal, bioremediation.

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