Bioaerosols in industrial environments: a reviewThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Biological Air Treatment.

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1873-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Gilbert ◽  
Caroline Duchaine
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Airborne Microorganisms ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
Air Sample ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
By Products ◽  
Selection Of

Air quality in workplaces is a main concern for industrial hygienists and occupational health specialists. Aerosolization of microorganisms or their by-products from contaminated material can significantly decrease the air quality and expose the workers’ health to potentially harmful effects. To identify the risks and elaborate safe exposure thresholds, the microbiology of air samples from industrial workplaces must be characterized, which means the airborne microorganisms must be identified and quantified. This review summarizes, for nonbiologist specialists, the principal sampling and analysis techniques for air sample characterization regarding microbiological contamination. A survey of the literature regarding levels of airborne bacteria, fungi, and viruses in agricultural industries, waste management plants, peat and wood processing facilities, and other industries is also provided. This review shows that very complex bioaerosol sources are present in industrial settings, and variable and hardly predictable biodiversity is expected in such environments.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Patterns of Dietary Supplement Use among Students Attending King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110208
Author(s):  
Abdulraof Alqrache ◽  
Mostafa Mostafa ◽  
Omar Ghabrah ◽  
Ziyad Ghabrah ◽  
Nezar Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
King Abdulaziz University ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Selection Of

Oral dietary supplements (DSs) include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, energy drinks, and herbal products. The use of DSs is increasing and their manufacturers promote their benefits. Studies have validated some of these benefits, but have also indicated that some DSs can have adverse effects, especially if used without the appropriate supervision. Little information on DS use among Saudis is available. This study assessed the use of dietary supplements among male and female university students with the goal of educating the community about DSs and the dangers associated with their misuse. Online and paper validated questionnaires were administered to King Abdulaziz University (KAU) students between September 2019 and January 2020. The responses were collected and analyzed statistically. Of the 954 KAU students who completed the survey, one-third used DSs (42.9% women vs 25.7% men). Of these, 51.7% believed that DSs are essential for health, 41.7% classified them as both food and drugs, 67.2% were aware that DSs could not replace a healthy diet, and 25.8% were aware of their potentially harmful effects. Multivitamins and minerals were the most used DSs. DS awareness among KAU students is limited. Additional health education is necessary to assist students in their selection of the most suitable DSs.

scholarly journals PARAMETERS OF INTEREST FOR THE DESIGN OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Marija Šperac ◽  
Dino Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
Selection Of

The urbanization process significantly reduced the permeability of land surfaces, which affected the changes of runoff characteristics and the relations in the hydrological cycle. In urban environments, the relationships within the hydrological cycle have changed in quantity, in particular: precipitation, air temperature, evaporation, and infiltration. By applying the green infrastructure (GI) to urban environments is beneficial for the water resources and the social community. GI has an effect on the improvement of ecological, economic, and social conditions. Using GI into urban areas increases the permeability of land surfaces, whereby decreasing surface runoff, and thus the frequency of urban floods. It also has a significant influence on the regulation of air quality, water purification, climate change impact, and the changes in the appearance of the urban environment. When planning and designing the GI, it is necessary to identify the type of GI and determine the size and location of the selected GI. Since each urban environment has its own characteristics, it is necessary to analyze them before deciding on the GI. The paper analyzed meteorological parameters (precipitation, air temperature, insolation, air humidity) affecting the selection of GI types, using the specific example of an urban environment – the City of Osijek, Croatia. Significant parameters when designing GI are operation and maintenance These parameters directly affect the efficiency of GI. The proper selection of GI and its location results in maximum gains: the reduction of land surface drainage - drainage of the sewage system, purification and retention of precipitation at the place of production, the improvement of air quality, and the improvement of living conditions in urban environments

scholarly journals Current Status and Future of Nitrile Catalysis using Key Nitrilases Enzymes and their Biotechnological Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Ashish Bhatt ◽  
Darshankumar Prajapati ◽  
Akshaya Gupte
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Widespread Interest ◽  
By Products ◽  
Classification Structure

Nitriles are organic compounds consisting of −C≡N group. They are frequently known to occur in nature and as intermediate by-products and waste products of various chemical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries. They are also found in fruit pits, cabbage, cauliflower, and sprouts, which are released upon hydrolysis. Nitrile converting enzymes like nitrilases have been extracted from microorganisms and plants. Nitrilase-mediated biocatalysis reactions have continuously aroused widespread interest to scientists and entrepreneurs in organic synthesis. Nitrile converting biocatalysts (Nitrilases) are now of substantial industrial interest from the perspective of treating toxic nitrile and cyanide-containing compounds. Nitrile degrading enzymes generally consist of nitrilases and amidases. The aim of the current review is to summarize the recent advancements on regioselective nitrilases concerning their fundamental researches and their application in the synthesis of series of high-value fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The present review also focuses on the utility of nitrile converting enzyme, sources, properties, classification, structure, and applications as well.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Sources vs. an Air Quality Improvement in Urbanized Areas - the Metropolitan Area of Kraków Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Blazy ◽  
Jakub Błachut ◽  
Agnieszka Ciepiela ◽  
Rita Łabuz ◽  
Renata Papież
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Selection Of

The premise for the selection of the topic discussed in this article is the lack of research on the level of reduction of air pollutant emissions by the use of photovoltaic micro-installations in single-family buildings, both in Poland and other countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Therefore, the Authors made an attempt to estimate the scale of air pollution reduction (in particular CO2) in the area of the urbanized Metropolitan area of Krakow, which is one of the most polluted regions in Poland. The installation of photovoltaic panels on single-family buildings, co-financed by the government My Electricity Program, is the investment cost in improving the air quality in this region, and thus increasing the well-being of its inhabitants.

An Effective AQI Estimation Using Sensor Data and Stacking Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dat Q. Duong ◽  
Quang M. Le ◽  
Tan-Loc Nguyen-Tai ◽  
Hien D. Nguyen ◽  
Minh-Son Dao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Quality Estimation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Selection Of

Accurately assessing the air quality index (AQI) values and levels has become an attractive research topic during the last decades. It is a crucial aspect when studying the possible adverse health effects associated with current air quality conditions. This paper aims to utilize machine learning and an appropriate selection of attributes for the air quality estimation problem using various features, including sensor data (humidity, temperature), timestamp features, location features, and public weather data. We evaluated the performance of different learning models and features to study the problem using the data set “MNR-HCM II”. The experimental results show that adopting TLPW features with Stacking generalization yields higher overall performance than other techniques and features in RMSE, accuracy, and F1-score.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Enzyme Additives on the Nutritional Use of Feeds with a High Content of Plant Ingredients for Mugil cephalus

Fishes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca P. Martínez ◽  
Laura Bermúdez ◽  
María J. Aznar ◽  
Francisco J. Moyano
Keyword(s):  
Mugil Cephalus ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
By Products ◽  
Phytic Phosphorus ◽  
Selection Of

The Mugilidae are a group of fish with a great interest for aquaculture due to their omnivorous profile, rapid growth, and resistance to environmental variations. The selection of feed ingredients for these species is currently focused on an extensive use of plant by-products, with this being limited by their content in anti-nutritive factors (mainly phytate and non-starch polysaccharides; NSPs). Nevertheless, specific enzymes can be used to counteract some of those negative effects. In the present study, the effect of pretreating two high-plant feeds with a mixture of enzymes (glucanases + phytase) on the digestive use of protein and phosphorus by juvenile mullets (Mugil cephalus) was assessed using both in vitro and in vivo assays. The enzymatic treatment significantly modified the potential bioavailability of some nutrients, such as a reduction of sugars, pentoses, and phytic phosphorus. Also, it increased the digestibility of protein in one of the feeds but reduced that of phosphorus in both of them. The potential usefulness of enzyme treatment and the information provided by the two types of assays are discussed.

scholarly journals A Short-Term Air Quality Control for PM10 Levels

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Claudio Carnevale ◽  
Elena De Angelis ◽  
Franco Luis Tagliani ◽  
Enrico Turrini ◽  
Marialuisa Volta
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Air Quality Control ◽  
Selection Of

In this work, the implementation and test of an integrated assessment model (IAM) to aid governments to define their short term plans (STP) is presented. The methodology is based on a receding horizon approach where the forecasting model gives information about a selected air quality index up to 3 days in advance once the emission of the involved pollutants (control variable) are known. The methodology is fully general with respect to the model used for the forecast and the air quality index; nevertheless, the selection of these models must take into account the peculiarities of the pollutants to be controlled. This system has been tested for particulate matter (PM10) control over a domain located in Northern Italy including the highly polluted area of Brescia. The results show that the control system can be a valuable asset to aid local authorities in the selection of suitable air quality plans.

scholarly journals Review. Anticoagulant Therapy in Sepsis. The Importance of Timing

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ecaterina Scarlatescu ◽  
Dana Tomescu ◽  
Sorin Stefan Arama
Keyword(s):  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Coagulation Activation ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Patient Heterogeneity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Sepsis associated coagulopathy is due to the inflammation-induced activation of coagulation pathways concomitant with dysfunction of anticoagulant and fibrinolytic systems, leading to different degrees of haemostasis dysregulation. This response is initially beneficial, contributing to antimicrobial defence, but when control is lost coagulation activation leads to widespread microvascular thrombosis and subsequent organ failure. Large clinical trials of sepsis-related anticoagulant therapies failed to show survival benefits, but posthoc analysis of databases and several smaller studies showed beneficial effects of anticoagulants in subgroups of patients with early sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation. A reasonable explanation could be the difference in timing of anticoagulant therapy and patient heterogeneity associated with large trials. Proper selection of patients and adequate timing are required for treatment to be successful. The time when coagulation activation changes from advantageous to detrimental represents the right moment for the administration of coagulation-targeted therapy. In this way, the defence function of the haemostatic system is preserved, and the harmful effects of overwhelming coagulation activation are avoided.

scholarly journals The Henry reaction: spectroscopic studies of nitrile and hydroxylamine by-products formed during synthesis of psychoactive phenylalkylamines

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Guy ◽  
Sally Freeman ◽  
John Alder ◽  
Simon Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Aromatic Aldehyde ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Reduction Step ◽  
Henry Reaction ◽  
Impurity Profile ◽  
Nitroaldol Reaction ◽  
By Products ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractA clandestine two-step route to psychoactive racemic phenylalkylamines utilises the Henry reaction. In the first step an aromatic aldehyde reacts with a nitroalkane to give the nitrostyrene intermediate. In the second step the nitrostyrene is reduced to the phenylalkylamine. An impurity profile of both steps was evaluated through the synthesis and analysis of common street derivatives. The formation of nitrile impurities in the nitroaldol reaction and hydroxylamine impurities in the reduction step were shown by NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS. A selection of reducing agents has been used to give the phenylalkylamines, together with variable quantities of the partially reduced hydroxylamine product. GC-MS analysis of the hydroxylamines showed heat-induced disproportionation which led to the detection of the corresponding oximes.

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