Tsunami loading of near-shoreline structures: a primer

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1804-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Palermo ◽  
Ioan Nistor ◽  
Younes Nouri ◽  
Andrew Cornett
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Design Documents ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Site Planning

The effects and estimation of tsunami-induced loading on near-shoreline structures located within inundation zones have recently gained significant interest from researchers, engineers, and government agencies. Building codes, namely the 2005 National building code of Canada, do not explicitly consider tsunami loading, as it is understood that inland structures can be protected by proper site planning. However, recent catastrophic events (Indian Ocean, 2004; Solomon Islands, 2007) indicate that tsunami loading should be considered in structural design. Presented herein is a review of force components that arise from tsunami-induced hydraulic bores running inland, along with proposed loading combinations and load cases readily applicable for building codes. Test results from a comprehensive experimental program conducted in a large-scale flume are also provided. A comparison of experimental results with force components provided in readily available design documents is presented, and suggestions for improvements are further discussed.

Design of Huge Complex Building of Two Structurally Independent Seismic Isolation Structures Coupled by Unique Expansion Joint

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Kokonno ◽  
Tatsuhiko Maeda ◽  
Keita Tahara ◽  
Marina Kouda ◽  
Yoshiaki Sawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Complex Building

<p>For large‐scale complex facilities, the authors designed seismic isolation structures which were ensured the highest‐level safety in a rational and economic way.</p><p>We split the building into two first, and then planned the buildings so that their spans and story heights might be optimum according to their uses, and performed the structural design of each building in pursuit of rationality and economic efficiency as well as safety. Finally, the buildings were integrated into one by connecting the two seismic isolation buildings with special expansion joint which was developed for these buildings.</p><p>Additionally, we considered long‐period earthquakes and strong inland earthquakes that were larger than the reference earthquake of the Japanese Building Codes to ensure highest‐level aseismic performance.</p>

Les bétons renforcés de fibres d'acier et la multifissuration

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Bissonnette ◽  
Yves Therrien ◽  
Richard Pleau ◽  
Michel Pigeon ◽  
François Saucier
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Fibre Reinforcement ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Restrained Shrinkage ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Multiple Cracking

This paper presents the results of an investigation aimed at establishing if multiple cracking can be an intrinsic property of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) in the hardened state and identifying the conditions to obtain it systematically. For this purpose, uniaxial restrained shrinkage tests and tensile tests were performed on large-scale SFRC specimens. The parameters studied in the experimental program were the fibre content (0-100 kg/m3), the fibre geometry, and the water to cement ratio of the concrete matrix (w/c = 0.40-0.80). The test results tend to indicate that multiple cracking is not a property of SFRC as such, at least within the range of concrete matrices and fibre contents investigated and that were intended to be compatible with practical considerations. While it does not mean that fibre reinforcement is not effective in terms of crack control, it is important to be careful in the analysis of test results where the effect of the restraining and exposure conditions might have been significant.Key words: cracking, drying shrinkage, fibre-reinforced concrete, multiple cracking, repairs, restrained shrinkage, steel fibres, tension.

Structural Design Capacity of X120 Linepipe

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Minnaar ◽  
Brian W. Duffy ◽  
Erlend Olso ◽  
Scott D. Papka ◽  
Michael M. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Strength ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Sensitivity Studies ◽  
Bending Loads ◽  
Grade Material

A new high strength steel linepipe with a specified minimum yield strength of 120 ksi (X120) has recently been introduced to industry. The newly developed linepipe meets all mechanical property targets of an X120 grade material as verified through an extensive small and large-scale experimental program. Design equations have been developed and verified with full scale testing that allow pipeline designs that take full economic advantage of the higher strength of X120. This paper focuses on the development and verification of capacity equations for bending loads, external pressure (collapse) loads, combined bending and external pressure loads, and internal pressure (burst) loads. The corresponding response of the pipe was investigated with finite element analysis (FEA). Analytical equations that predict the burst, bending, and collapse capacities were then established based on parametric studies performed using FEA models. To gain confidence in the models, full size pipe tests were conducted and the results compared to FEA. The testing demonstrated that the FEA models accurately predict the behavior of the X120 pipe. Modifications to the existing equations were made when necessary to ensure the capacity equations correctly capture the pipe response for higher D/t ratios and for the higher strength X120 material. Material sensitivity studies show that the new equations accurately predict the X120 behavior over the range of load conditions evaluated.

scholarly journals Physical, Deformation, and Stiffness Properties of Recycled Concrete Aggregate

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4245
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Gabryś ◽  
Emil Soból ◽  
Wojciech Sas
Keyword(s):  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Stiffness Properties ◽  
Grain Distribution ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Critical Reduction

The construction sector is currently struggling with the reuse of waste originating from the demolition and modernization of buildings and roads. Furthermore, old buildings are gradually being replaced by new structures. This brings a significant increase of concrete debris to waste landfills. To prevent this, many studies on the possibilities of recycling concrete, known as recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), have been done. To broaden the applicability of reused concrete, an understanding of its properties and engineering behavior is required. A difficulty in sustainable, proper management of RCA is the shortage of appropriate test results necessary to assess its utility. For this reason, in the present study, the physical, deformation, and stiffness properties of RCA with gravely grain distribution were analyzed carefully in the geotechnical laboratory. To examine the mentioned properties, an extensive experimental program was planned, which included the following studies: granulometric analysis, Proctor and oedometer tests, as well as resonant column tests. The obtained research results show that RCA has lower values of deformation and stiffness parameters than natural aggregates. However, after applying in oedometer apparatus repetitive cycles of loading/unloading/reloading, some significant improvement in the values of the parameters studied was noticed, most likely due to susceptibility to static compaction. Moreover, some critical reduction in the range of linear response of RCA to dynamic loading was observed.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence Analysis of First Ross River Virus Isolate from Papua New Guinea Indicates Long-Term, Local Evolution

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Alice Michie ◽  
John S. Mackenzie ◽  
David W. Smith ◽  
Allison Imrie
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Mean Time

Ross River virus (RRV) is the most medically significant mosquito-borne virus of Australia, in terms of human morbidity. RRV cases, characterised by febrile illness and potentially persistent arthralgia, have been reported from all Australian states and territories. RRV was the cause of a large-scale epidemic of multiple Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) from 1979 to 1980, involving at least 50,000 cases. Historical evidence of RRV seropositivity beyond Australia, in populations of Papua New Guinea (PNG), Indonesia and the Solomon Islands, has been documented. We describe the genomic characterisation and timescale analysis of the first isolate of RRV to be sampled from PNG to date. Our analysis indicates that RRV has evolved locally within PNG, independent of Australian lineages, over an approximate 40 year period. The mean time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the unique PNG clade coincides with the initiation of the PICTs epidemic in mid-1979. This may indicate that an ancestral variant of the PNG clade was seeded into the region during the epidemic, a period of high RRV transmission. Further epidemiological and molecular-based surveillance is required in PNG to better understand the molecular epidemiology of RRV in the general Australasian region.

Using Indicator Bacteria and Salmonella Test Results from Three Large-Scale Beef Abattoirs over an 18-Month Period To Evaluate Intervention System Efficacy and Plan Carcass Testing for Salmonella

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2732-2740 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. RUBY ◽  
JUN ZHU ◽  
STEVEN C. INGHAM
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Intervention Process ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Plate Counts

To develop a process for predicting the likelihood of Salmonella contamination on beef carcasses, we evaluated the influence of several possible causative factors (i.e., year, abattoir, day of week, month, and intervention system components) on the risk of Salmonella and indicator organism contamination. Hide and carcass sponge samples were collected in 2005 to 2006 in six steps at three abattoirs in the East (A), Midwest (B), and Southwest (C) United States. Each abattoir used the same intervention system. Samples were analyzed for aerobic plate counts (APCs; n = 18,990) and Enterobacteriaceae counts (EBCs; n = 18,989) and the presence or absence of Salmonella (n = 5,355). Our results demonstrated that many factors play a significant role in the level of microbial contamination of beef carcasses. Overall, Salmonella prevalence and EBC levels were significantly higher in 2006 than in 2005. APCs and EBCs were highest in abattoirs A (3.57 log CFU/100 cm2) and B (1.31 log CFU/100 cm2). The odds of detecting a positive Salmonella isolate were greatest in abattoir C and lowest in abattoir A. Across the three abattoirs, the overall intervention process effectively reduced microbiological contamination. Salmonella prevalence fell from 45% (preevisceration) to 0.47% (postchilled–lactic acid), and there were APC and EBC reductions of 5.43 and 5.28 log CFU/100 cm2, respectively, from hide-on to postchilled–lactic acid samples. At each abattoir, composites of three individual EBC-negative carcass samples yielded Salmonella-negative results 97 to 99% of the time. These results suggest the possibility of using indicator test results to accurately predict the absence of Salmonella in a beef carcass sample.

High Frequency Vibration Analysis of Automotive Body Panels with Damping Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
Yoshio Kurosawa ◽  
Takao Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viscoelastic Damping ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Automotive Body ◽  
Modal Damping ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Damping Materials

We have developed a technique for estimating vibrations of an automotive body structures with viscoelastic damping materials using large-scale finite element (FE) model, which will enable us to grasp and to reduce high-frequency road noise（200～500Hz）. In the new technique, first order solutions for modal loss factors are derived applying asymptotic method. This method saves calculation time to estimate modal damping as a practical tool in the design stages of the body structures. Frequency responses were calculated using this technique and the results almost agreed with the test results. This technique can show the effect of the viscoelastic damping materials on the automotive body panels, and it enables the more efficient layout of the viscoelastic damping materials. Further, we clarified damping properties of the automotive body structures under coupled vibration between frames and panels with the viscoelastic damping materials.

Bearing Capacity Characteristic of Unsaturated Granular Soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 989-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuchit Uchaipichat ◽  
Ekachai Man Koksung
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Matric Suction ◽  
Ultimate Bearing Capacity ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Granular Soils ◽  
Test Results ◽  
High Level ◽  
Unsaturated Granular Soils ◽  
Capacity Characteristic

An experimental program of laboratory bearing tests was performed to characterize the bearing capacity of foundation on unsaturated granular soils. All tests were performed by pushing a circular rod on the surface of compacted sand specimens with different values of matric suction until failure. The test results show an increase in ultimate bearing capacity with increasing matric suction at low suction value but a decrease in that at high level of suction. The comparisons between the test results and simulations using the expressions proposed in this paper are presented and discussed. Good agreements are achieved for all testing values of suction.

scholarly journals Ice-Accretion Test Results for Three Large-Scale Swept-Wing Models in the NASA Icing Research Tunnel

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy P. Broeren ◽  
Mark G. Potapczuk ◽  
Sam Lee ◽  
Adam M. Malone ◽  
Bernard P. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ice Accretion ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Swept Wing

Ambient vibration test results of the Imperial County Services Building

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (6A) ◽  
pp. 1895-1902
Author(s):  
Gerard C. Pardoen
Keyword(s):  
Strong Motion ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Vibration Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Structural Failure ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Ambient Vibration Test ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
First Time ◽  
County Services

Abstract The ambient vibration test results conducted on the Imperial County Services Building prior to the 15 October 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake are summarized. These results are of significant interest because the Imperial County Services Building has been the source of many postearthquake investigations due to the fact that the 1979 earthquake represented the first time a building instrumented with strong motion recorders suffered and recorded the major structural failure.

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