Le biodiesel. I. Caractéristiques, atouts et limites — une synthèse

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nikiema ◽  
M. Heitz
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Physico Chemical

Biodiesel, a fuel derived from animal or vegetable oil and fats, is presented in this paper. More specifically, its physico-chemical properties as well as the raw materials and existing standards are described. The advantages, limitations, and future of biodiesel are discussed. Biodiesel offers significant environmental advantages over petrodiesel: its combustion produces fewer atmospheric emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases; in addition, it biodegrades easily and does not present a major risk during storage. On the other hand, the substitution of biodiesel for petrodiesel usually causes an increase in fuel consumption by engines. In addition, according to various estimates, the price of biodiesel is higher than that of petrodiesel. Nevertheless, biodiesel is easy to produce and, with the anticipated decline in stocks of fossil fuels, it constitutes an interesting substitute that should become increasingly used in the next decade.

PERFORMA GENERATOR HHO DALAM SISTEM BI-FUEL PADA SEPEDA MOTOR SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF

ROTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ika Kusuma Nugraheni ◽  
Anggun Angkasa ◽  
Abdul Rahman Rifa’i
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Land Water

The increasing of vehicle uses will make the increasing in fuels consumption. In the other hand, the reserves of fossil fuels as a fuel in vehicles are always decreasing. In order to anticipate the lack of fossil fuels, there is some alternatives energy that has to substitute the fossil fuels. One of the alternative energy is HHO Gas. HHO gas is a gas that was produced by the electrolysis of water. Water as an abundant material in earth can be an alternative energy that replace or substitute fossil fuel. In this research, HHO gas will be used as a supplement in fuels. So the vehicles use two fuels (bi-fuel. )The aim of this research is to analyze the performance of uses HHO gas in vehicles. The HHO gas will be produced by different water, such as aquadest, land water, sea water. The performance analysis was focused in the fuel consumption and the efficiency of thermal engine oil. The analysis result shows that the addicted HHO gas can make the efficiency of fuel consumption better. The highest efficiency fuel consumption is in the fuel with HHO gas from aquadest (19.95%). But the best efficiency in thermal engine oil is in HHO gas from sea water (0.84 oC). Keywords: HHO, performance, engine, bifuel

Extraction and Determination of Physico-chemical Properties of Oil from Watermelon Seeds (Citrullus lanatus L) to Use in Internal Combustion Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2676-2681
Author(s):  
Mihaela Gabriela Dumitru ◽  
Dragos Tutunea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Geometrical Mean ◽  
Reduction Of Nox

The purpose of this work was to investigate the physicochemical properties of watermelon seeds and oil and to find out if this oil is suitable and compatible with diesel engines. The results showed that the watermelon seeds had the maximum length (9.08 mm), width (5.71mm), thickness (2.0 mm), arithmetic mean diameter (5.59 mm), geometrical mean diameter (4.69 mm), sphericity (51.6%), surface area (69.07), volume 0.17 cm3 and moisture content 5.4%. The oil was liquid at room temperature, with a density and refractive index of 0.945 and 1.4731 respectively acidity value (1.9 mgNaOH/g), free fatty acid (0.95 mgNaOH), iodine value (120 mgI2/100g), saponification value (180 mgKOH/g), antiradical activity (46%), peroxide value (7.5 mEqO2/Kg), induction period (6.2 h), fatty acid: palmitic acid (13.1%), stearic acid (9.5 %), oleic acid (15.2 %) and linoleic acid (61.3%). Straight non food vegetable oils can offer a solution to fossil fuels by a cleaner burning with minimal adaptation of the engine. A single cylinder air cooled diesel engine Ruggerini RY 50 was used to measure emissions of various blends of watermelon oil (WO) and diesel fuel (WO10D90, WO20D80, WO30D70 and WO75D25). The physic-chemical properties of the oil influence the combustion process and emissions leading to the reduction of NOX and the increase in CO, CO2 and HC.

New uses for brick-making clay materials from the Bailén area (southern Spain)

Clay Minerals ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gonzalez ◽  
E. Galan ◽  
A. Miras ◽  
P. Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Clay Materials

AbstractAn attempt has been made to assess new potential applications for the Bailén clays, traditionally used for manufacturing bricks, based on mineralogical, chemical, particle size, plasticity and firing results. Raw materials and mixtures used by the local factory were selected and tested with the addition of some diatomite, feldspar or kaolin. Based on their properties, clay materials from Bailén might be suitable for making porous red wall tiles, clinker, vitrified red floor tiles and porous light-coloured wall tiles by pressing; the first could be manufactured from the raw materials and mixtures currently used by the local manufactures. On the other hand, stoneware shaped by extrusion, such as perforated bricks, facing bricks and roofing tiles, can be also manufactured from the mixtures used at the factory if they contain 20-25% carbonate and small amounts of iron oxides; lightweight bricks require black and yellow clays with diatomite.

scholarly journals Biological Tools to Deal with Pollution : Selected Advances and Novel Perspectives

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Ghanemi ◽  
Besma Boubertakh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environment And Public Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact

Pollution  represents  a  problem  common  to economy and  public  health. Indeed, the public health, because of the  divers’  type of pollutions, is facing divers challenges for which urgent solutions are required.The biology provides approaches not only to deal with the pollution, but also to  obtain  economic  benefits. Some living  organisms  have  particular metabolisms  that allow  them  to  assimilate  and  metabolite  the polluting agents  and thus reduce the  impact  they have on both environment  and public health.  On  the other  hand,  the  metabolic  properties  of  specific organisms make  the  polluting  elements raw materials to  synthesize  other elements that are benefits  for  economy  and  non-toxic  for  the  ecology and  the  biohealth. Yet, other options such as the regulations and laws are  required  to improve the efficiency of these approaches.

A French place without a cheese

Focaal ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 2004 (44) ◽  
pp. 72-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Filippucci
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Local Product ◽  
Definition Of

In France, the classic produit du terroir, the local product that with its mix of skill and raw materials embodies the distinctive tie between people and their terroir (soil), is cheese. Thus, when inhabitants of the Argonne say that it “does not even have a cheese”, they imply that it lacks a patrimoine (cultural heritage). On the other hand, they do make passionate claims about 'being Argonnais', conveying a marked recognition of, and attachment to, a named place in relation to which they identify themselves and others. Focusing on this paradox, this article will highlight certain assumptions regarding the definition of cultural heritage found in public policy.

PREPARATION OF POLYHERBAL DISPERSIBLE TABLET AND EVALUATION BY RP-HPLC

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (04) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Divya Hegde ◽  
◽  
Kirankumar Hullatti ◽  
Vishakha Parab Gaonkar ◽  
Uday Kumar Bolmal
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Poor Patient Compliance ◽  
Dispersible Tablet ◽  
Acceptance Range

The aim of the present study was to convert an Ayurvedic formulation, “trikatu churna”, into a polyherbal dispersible tablet. Standardization parameters were performed for raw materials, trikatu churna and its extract. The standardized extract was further used for formulation of the dispersible tablet. The evaluation of raw materials, trikatu churna, trikatu extract and dispersible tablet was done using preliminary phytochemical and physico-chemical tests. The pre- and post-compression parameters for polyherbal dispersible tablet formulation were within the acceptance range. The piperine content in Piper nigrum, Piper longum, trikatu extract and formulation was found to be 2.884mg/mL, 0.515mg/gm, 0.303mg/gm and 0.357mg/gm, respectively. The developed RP-HPLC method was found to be precise, accurate and reproducible for the estimation of piperine in raw materials and dispersible tablet. It can be concluded that the prepared dispersible tablet has overcome the disadvantages of churna, such as poor patient compliance and pungent taste, without altering its dose and chemical properties.

Effects of 0-30% Wood Ashes as a Substitute of Cement on the Strength of Concretes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Gautier Bikoko ◽  
Jean Claude Tchamba ◽  
Valentine Yato Katte ◽  
Divine Kum Deh
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Curing Age

To fight against the high cost and the increasing scarcity of cement and at the same time to reduce the CO2 greenhouse gases emission associated with the production of Portland cement, two types of wood ashes as a substitute of cement in the production of concretes were investigated. In this paper, we substituted cement by two types of species of wood ashes namely, avocado and eucalyptus ashes following the proportions ranging from 0% to 30 % on one hand, and on the other hand, we added these two types of species of wood ashes namely, avocado and eucalyptus ashes following the proportions ranging from 0% to 10 % by weight of cement in the concrete samples. After 7, 14 and 28 days of curing, compressive strength tests were conducted on these concrete samples. The findings revealed that using wood ashes as additives/admixtures or as a substitute of cement in the production/manufacturing of concrete decreased the compressive strength of concrete. Hence, it can be said that wood ash has a negative influence on the strength of concrete. At three percent (3%) and ten percent (10%) of addition, the wood ash from eucalyptus specie offers better resistance compared to the wood ash from avocado specie, whereas at five percent (5%) of addition, the wood ash from avocado specie offers better resistance compared to the wood ash from eucalyptus specie. At thirty percent (30%) of substitution, the wood ash from eucalyptus specie offers better resistance compared to the wood ash from avocado specie. The compressive strengths increase with the increase of curing age.

scholarly journals Studies on Cyanex-272 Complexes of Mg (II), Ca (II) and Fe (III)

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Badrul Islam ◽  
M Zahurul Haque ◽  
N Shamsul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Phosphinic Acid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Cyanex 272 ◽  
Physico Chemical

Certain complex compounds were synthesized by the interaction of Mg(II), Ca(II) and Fe(III) halides with the solvent extracting reagent, Cyanex-272 i.e. bis (2,4,4- trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid as ligand. All the prepared complexes have been characterized on the basis of their molar masses, conductivity, magnetic measurements and infrared and electronic spectral studies. The other physico-chemical properties e.g. colour, decomposition temperature have also been ascertained. Key words: Chanex-272 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(4), 475-482, 2007

scholarly journals The Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on Plant Growth, Mineral Accumulation, as Well as Biological and Chemical Properties of Ficus deltoidea

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Nurnaeimah ◽  
Nashriyah Mat ◽  
Khamsah Suryati Mohd ◽  
Noor Afiza Badaluddin ◽  
Nornasuha Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Ficus Deltoidea ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mineral Accumulation ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is defined as a reactive oxygen species (ROS), able to cause damage to a variety of cellular structures. On the other hand, recent work has demonstrated that H2O2 can also act as a potent signaling molecule that mediates various physiological and biochemical processes in plants. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of H2O2 on the growth, mineral nutrient accumulation, as well as the biologic and chemical properties of Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea. F. deltoidea plants were spray-treated with 0- (control), 8-, 16-, 30- and 60-mM H2O2 under field conditions. Plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and quantum yield of the F. deltoidea plants significantly increased after treatment with 16 and 30-mM H2O2. The results indicate that 60-mM H2O2 increased the accumulation of arsenic, iron and sodium content in the leaves of F. deltoidea. On the other hand, 8-mM H2O2 significantly enhanced the accumulation of arsenic, iron, calcium and potassium content in the syconium of F. deltoidea plants. In addition, H2O2 treatment did not produce any significant effects on antimony and magnesium accumulation in the leaves or the syconium of F. deltoidea plants. The results show that the F. deltoidea plant has strong antidiabetic properties and its α-glucosidase activity increased in treated plants compared to standard acarbose. Hydrogen peroxide, particularly in concentrations of 16 and 30 mM, increased the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content and the vitexin and isovitexin content. There was a positive correlation between antioxidant activity with total phenol and total flavonoid content in H2O2-treated plants. The quantitative analysis by HPTLC indicates that the amount of vitexin and isovitexin increased with the higher concentrations of H2O2. From this study, it can be concluded that spraying 16 and 30-mM H2O2 once a week enhances growth, mineral accumulation and stimulates bioactive compounds of the F. deltoidea plants.

Physico-chemical properties of Tecoma stans Linn. seed oil: a new crop for vegetable oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (13) ◽  
pp. 1249-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassen Mohamed Sbihi ◽  
Sadok Mokbli ◽  
Imededdine Arbi Nehdi ◽  
Saud Ibrahim Al-Resayes
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
New Crop
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