Lane-changing gap acceptance model for freeway merging in simulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Tae Kim ◽  
Joonhyon Kim ◽  
Myungsoon Chang
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Acceptance Model

Existing techniques for microscopic simulation of lane changes utilize a single critical gap for a single vehicle. Freeway merging areas have been among the most difficult aspects of simulations due to the wide variety of merging behaviors in these areas. This paper proposes a gap acceptance model developed to update the size of the critical trailing gap for a merging vehicle during simulation based on the location of the vehicle in an acceleration lane. It also considers the relative speed and critical leading gap. Sets of critical trailing gap values for various situations are computed. The outputs from the microscopic simulations utilizing the proposed model were compared with field data, producing strong statistical evidence that the simulation results and field data were significantly comparable.

scholarly journals Capacity Prediction Model Based on Limited Priority Gap-Acceptance Theory at Multilane Roundabouts

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaowei Qu ◽  
Yuzhou Duan ◽  
Xianmin Song ◽  
Hongyu Hu ◽  
Huanfeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Acceptance Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gap Acceptance Theory ◽  
Important Design

Capacity is an important design parameter for roundabouts, and it is the premise of computing their delay and queue. Roundabout capacity has been studied for decades, and empirical regression model and gap-acceptance model are the two main methods to predict it. Based on gap-acceptance theory, by considering the effect of limited priority, especially the relationship between limited priority factor and critical gap, a modified model was built to predict the roundabout capacity. We then compare the results between Raff’s method and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method, and the MLE method was used to predict the critical gaps. Finally, the predicted capacities from different models were compared, with the observed capacity by field surveys, which verifies the performance of the proposed model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dynamic passing gap acceptance on two-lane highways using field data

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 871-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udai Hassein ◽  
Maksym Diachuk ◽  
Said Easa
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Acceptance Model

Gap availability is an important element of safe passing on two-lane highways. Time gaps are used to determine passing behaviour based on human factors. In this paper, the decision whether to accept or reject an available passing gap is modelled using logistic regression technique that included driver characteristics (age and experience) and the gap size. Field studies were conducted to collect experimental data regarding passing driver behaviour. The data were collected using dual camera Car DVRs and a GPS data logger device that records the instantaneous speed and position of the three vehicles involved in the passing maneuver: passing vehicle, impeding vehicle, and opposing vehicle. Regression models that include driver age and gender (required as input to the gap acceptance model) were established for initial passing time, starting gap, ending gap, and time to collision. The gap acceptance model was implemented in Simulink and the results revealed that driver characteristics significantly affect gap acceptance decisions.

scholarly journals Mathematical Analysis for Roundabout Capacity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonho Suh ◽  
Jung In Kim ◽  
Hyunmyung Kim ◽  
Joonho Ko ◽  
Young-Joo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Capacity Analysis ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Priority Rules ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Acceptance Model ◽  
The Right

This paper investigates roundabout capacity analysis using mathematical modelling and microscopic simulation. The capacity in approach section in roundabout is calculated by estimating the number of vehicles that can enter a roundabout for a given approach given a certain circulating volume. Since roundabouts are working with only yield conditions, capacity is dependent on gap acceptance model. Priority rules are used to simulate the gap acceptance model and define the right-of-way for conflicting movements. In the case of roundabouts, priority rules can be utilized to establish right-of-way at each of the conflict points where the approach traffic merges with the circulating traffic of the roundabout. By altering the minimum acceptable gap and related parameters, it is possible to calibrate a simulation model to be that of a real-life roundabout or that of a theoretical roundabout that meets the operating characteristics defined in current capacity models. The proposed roundabout capacity analysis methodology is expected to assist modelling operational conditions for roundabouts. Results are presented that provide evidence to validate the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Expansion of the Fundamental Diagram from a Microscopic Multilane Modeling Framework of Mixed Traffic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mudasser Seraj ◽  
Jiangchen Li ◽  
Tony Z. Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Density Relationship ◽  
Motion Dynamics

Microscopic modeling of mixed traffic (i.e., automaton-driven vehicles and human-driven vehicles) dynamics, particularly car-following, lane-changing, and gap-acceptance, provides the opportunity to gain a more accurate estimation of flow-density relationships for both traditional traffic with human-driven vehicles and different mixed traffic scenarios. Our paper proposes a microscopic framework to model multilane traffic for both vehicle types on shared roadways which sets the stage to explore the capability of macroscopic car-following models in general to explain the fundamental flow-density relationship. Since prior models inadequately represent the fundamental diagram realistically, we propose a rectified macroscopic flow model that can account for the impact of both lane-changing and gap-acceptance. Differentiability, boundary conditions, and flexibility of the proposed model are tested to validate its applicability. Finally, the capability to interpret the flow-density relationship by the proposed model is verified for different mixed traffic scenarios. Although few model parameter values were obtained directly from the simulation input, the rest of the parameters have been calibrated by flow and density outputs from the simulations. The analysis results show a distinct correlation between the proposed model parameters with automation-driven vehicle shares and lane-changing rates of traffic. The findings from this study emphasize the importance of taking complete motion dynamics into account, rather than partial motion dynamics (i.e., car-following) as has been the case in the previous studies, to explain macroscopic traffic flow characteristics, irrespective of the vehicle type.

scholarly journals Some traffic characteristics of rural roads in Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01030
Author(s):  
Hamid Athab Al-Jameel ◽  
Ali Jihad Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Normal Section ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Lane Utilization

Now a days, modeling traffic characteristics are very important in evaluating traffic facilitates such normal section, weaving and merging sections. Lane changing and lane utilization are important traffic characteristics that are widely studied. Therefore this study is focused on both of these. The lane changing behavior affects the capacity and safety of roads. The distribution of vehicles among lanes of roadway is important in terms of different aspects such as safety, traffic management and even the structural design of roads. Field data have been collected from different rural roads. Two types of roads were studied; two-lane section and three-lane section. The results of analysis for collected data indicate that the driver behaviour is different in terms of lane utilization in Iraq from other countries and the same behaviour was found for lane changes also. Compared to other countries, Iraq has the lowest lane utilization and highest frequency of lane changes. These data are urgently needed nowadays for calibrating and validating the sophisticated programs such as simulated microscopic programs. These data are so important to mimic the reality for driver behaviors in rural roadways.

Lane-Changing Model with Explicit Target Lane Choice

2005 ◽  
Vol 1934 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Toledo ◽  
Charisma F. Choudhury ◽  
Moshe E. Ben-Akiva
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Microscopic Traffic Simulation ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vehicle Trajectory ◽  
Better Than

The lane-changing model is an important component of microscopic traffic simulation tools. With the increasing popularity of these tools, a number of lane-changing models have been proposed and implemented in various simulators in recent years. Most of these models are based on the assumption that drivers evaluate the current and adjacent lanes and choose a direction of change (or no change) on the basis of the utilities of these lanes only. The lane choice set is therefore dictated by the current position of the vehicle and in multilane facilities would be restricted to a subset of the available lanes. Thus, existing models lack an explicit tactical choice of a target lane and therefore cannot explain a sequence of lane changes from the current lane to this lane. In this paper, a generalized lane-changing model that explicitly incorporates the choice of target lane is presented. The target lane is the lane that the driver perceives to be the best when a wide range of factors and goals are taken into account. The immediate direction in which a driver changes lanes is determined by the target lane choice. All parameters of the model were jointly estimated with detailed vehicle trajectory data. The model was validated and compared with an existing lane-changing model with the use of a microscopic traffic simulator. The results indicate that the proposed model performs significantly better than the previous model.

Time Gap Evaluation due to the Existence of Heavy Vehicles on Urban Expressways

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
Wardati Hashim ◽  
Ahmad Kamil Arshad ◽  
Masria Mustafa ◽  
Noor Azreena Kamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Road User ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Time Gap

Time gap is important for road user to make decision relative to the lad vehicle at a roadway segment. Theoretically, if the gap is larger than reaction time, drivers would maintain the safe following distance from the vehicle in front or else the probability of vehicle collusion is considerably high. In expressways, gap is important for the purpose of lane changing and overtaking. Due to high allowable speed on expressways, time gap might be affected, especially with the consideration of heavy vehicle existence. This paper attempts to statistically justify any significance correlation between speed and time gap in relative to critical gap acceptance pertaining to the heavy vehicles and cars interaction on urban expressways. Extensive data was collected through video recording before being abstracted and processed by utilizing the TRAIS software. Then, statistical analysis in relative to the speed and time gap for various vehicles interactions are presented. The results showed there is a significant correlation between speed and time gap for all vehicles interaction. When cars following other cars at allowable average speed, the time gap is relatively low leading to a lower critical gap acceptance as compared to the situation with the existence of heavy vehicles.

Characterizing and Modeling Observed Lane-Changing Behavior: Lane-Vehicle-Based Microscopic Simulation on Urban Street Network

2000 ◽  
Vol 1710 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Wei ◽  
Eric Meyer ◽  
Joe Lee ◽  
Chuen Feng
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Condition Model ◽  
Video Observations ◽  
Vehicle Trajectory ◽  
The Relationship

Key findings are discussed regarding characteristics of lane-changing behavior based on observations of an urban street network. An in-depth exploration of observed lane-changing behavior and its modeling were conducted using vehicle trajectory data extracted from video observations using VEVID, a software package developed by the authors, integrated with a video-capture system. As a result, rules for modeling lane-changing behavior are proposed with respect to various types of lane changes. A lane-changing model consists of three components: a decision model, a condition model, and a maneuver model. Drivers’ decisions to change lanes depend on travel maneuver plans, the current lane type (i.e., the relationship between the current lane and the driver’s planned route), and traffic conditions in the current and adjacent lanes. A lane-changing condition model is the description of acceptable conditions for different types of lane changes. A lane-changing maneuver model describes a vehicle’s speed and duration when a certain type of lane change occurs. All of these models are established in a heuristic structure.

Characteristics of Heavy Vehicle Discretionary Lane Changing Based on Trajectory Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110513
Author(s):  
Gen Li ◽  
Jianxiao Ma ◽  
Zhen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
The Right

A comprehensive analysis of the motivations, gap acceptance, duration, and speed adjustment of heavy vehicle lane changes (LC) is conducted in this paper. An rich data set containing 433 discretionary LC trajectories of heavy vehicles is used in this study and the data set is divided into two data sets based on the LC direction (LC to the left lane [LCLL] and LC to the right lane [LCRL]) for comparison. It is seen that LCLL and LCRL have significantly different motivations, which also results in different gap acceptance behavior. However, the LC direction does not significantly influence the LC duration. The navigation speed significantly influences the LC duration of heavy vehicles and the LC duration will decrease with the increase of speed, indicating the substantial impact of traffic conditions on LC duration. An obvious speed synchronization phenomenon is found in the process of LCLL, which is not the case in LCRL. The results of this study highlight the distinct characteristics of the LC of heavy vehicles and produce a better understanding of the lane-changing behaviors of heavy vehicles. The fitted distributions of LC duration and further investigation into gap acceptance behaviors may be used for microscopic traffic simulation and auto driving.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of a microscopic overtaking gap acceptance model for two-lane highways

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir H. Ghods ◽  
Frank F. Saccomanno
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Acceptance Model

A microscopic gap acceptance model is presented that simulates overtaking behavior on two-lane highways. The decision to initiate overtaking is expressed as a function of each driver’s perception of the expected time-to-collision (TTC) with the nearest opposing vehicle at the end of maneuver. The available gap is accepted if the driver’s perception of TTC exceeds a predetermined threshold for safe return (critical TTC). The gap acceptance model is calibrated and validated based on overtaking video-recording data for a two-lane highway. The overtaking gap acceptance model is then compared, for consistency and transferability, with independent aggregate field data, as well as with two other simulation models and values given in the Highway Capacity Manual for similar two-lane highways. The gap acceptance simulation demonstrated that the proposed overtaking model is able to provide reliable measures of traffic attributes for two-lane highway operation, as verified experimentally.

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