An evaluation of warranty contracting in the United States of America

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Emre Bayraktar ◽  
Qingbin Cui ◽  
Makarand Hastak ◽  
Issam Minkarah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Contract Administration ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Early Failures ◽  
State Highway Agencies

It is believed that warranty contracting would benefit state highway agencies by improving quality, saving money and time, and encouraging contractors' innovations. However, the challenges associated with warranties could be substantial, including higher costs, early failures, a reduction or even elimination of small contractors from the bidding process, and an increase in contract disputes and litigation. The actual impact of warranty provisions on state Department of Transportation (DOT) projects in the United States of America is still unclear because of limited industry experience. This paper provides a detailed discussion of warranty provisions and the benefits and problems associated with the subject matter. The advantages and disadvantages of warranty provisions are evaluated from the conflicting perspectives of state Departments of Transportation (DOTs), contractors, and surety companies. The future prospects of warranty provisions are established based on the findings of a recent study of warranty provisions and existing literature. Also, several options are proposed that have a strong potential to improve the application of warranties on DOT projects.Key words: warranties, highway construction, innovation, highway maintenance, contract administration, construction costs, construction inspection.

On Governmental Regulation of Life Insurance in the United States of America

1897 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheppard Homans
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Governmental Regulation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Governmental Intervention

As the members of the Institute are doubtless aware, government in the United States differs in at least one important particular from that in Great Britain. In the former country all legislation must conform to the requirements of a written Constitution, and such conformity or non-conformity is decided in each case as it arises, without appeal, by a Supreme Court. In the latter country, on the contrary, the validity or otherwise of any Act of Parliament is decided by unwritten traditions and evolutions developed by the growth and experience of centuries. It is not my object or province to discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of the two systems; I merely state the fact which must be clearly kept in view in order to understand the unique position of life insurance in the United States as regards governmental intervention.

Application of a Mortality Model to Subsidized Housing

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subsidized Housing ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Mortality Model ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
The Common ◽  
Further Development

New construction and rehabilitation of subsidized housing units are directly compared against the common objective of extending the useful life of the inventory. A model is developed and applied to the case of public housing in the United States of America. Results suggest that rehabilitation is not justified if costs exceed 5–10% of new construction costs. The article concludes with a discussion of limitations of the model and of prospects for further development.

Comprehensive Bridge Scour Evaluation Methodology

2000 ◽  
Vol 1696 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Lagasse ◽  
E. V. Richardson ◽  
L. W. Zevenbergen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Bridge Scour ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Existing Bridges ◽  
State Highway Agencies ◽  
Stream Instability

In the United States, bridge scour technology is discussed primarily in three FHWA publications: Hydraulic Engineering Circular (HEC) 18: Evaluating Scour at Bridges; HEC-2: Stream Stability at Highway Structures; and HEC-23: Bridge Scour and Stream Instability Countermeasures. Together, these documents provide guidance to state highway agencies that is necessary for completing comprehensive scour and stream instability evaluations for the design of new bridges and for repairing existing bridges. Experience has shown that the relationships among the three documents are not always readily apparent, and some scour evaluations have relied primarily on HEC-18. A comprehensive flowchart that illustrates the interrelationship among the three FHWA scour-related documents has been developed. In addition, in 1998, FHWA, TRB, and AASHTO sponsored a scanning review of European practice for bridge scour and stream instability countermeasures. In 1999, ASCE published a compendium of papers on stream stability and scour at highway bridges, and FHWA prepared an annotated bibliography to support revisions to the three HECs. It is anticipated that the flow-chart and the substantial information from the scanning review, the compendium, and the annotated bibliography will be included in the next revisions to HEC-18, HEC-20, and HEC-23. On the basis of information from these sources, a comprehensive approach to bridge scour and stream instability evaluations is outlined, and an overview of planned revisions to the three FHWA HECs is provided.

Thinking About Scots Law

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Rodger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University

This article is the revised text of the first W A Wilson Memorial Lecture, given in the Playfair Library, Old College, in the University of Edinburgh, on 17 May 1995. It considers various visions of Scots law as a whole, arguing that it is now a system based as much upon case law and precedent as upon principle, and that its departure from the Civilian tradition in the nineteenth century was part of a general European trend. An additional factor shaping the attitudes of Scots lawyers from the later nineteenth century on was a tendency to see themselves as part of a larger Englishspeaking family of lawyers within the British Empire and the United States of America.

Off to a bad start: John Adams’s tussle over titles

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C Alexander
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The United States ◽  
John Adams ◽  
The Press ◽  
First Session

From the first days, of the first session, of the first Congress of the United States, the Senate was consumed by an issue that would do immense and lasting political harm to the sitting vice president, John Adams. The issue was a seemingly unimportant one: titles. Adams had strong opinions on what constituted a proper title for important officers of government and, either because he was unconcerned or unaware of the damage it would cause, placed himself in the middle of the brewing dispute. Adams hoped the president would be referred to as, “His highness, the President of the United States of America, and Protector of the Rights of the Same.” The suggestion enraged many, amused some, and was supported by few. He lost the fight over titles and made fast enemies with several of the Senators he was constitutionally obligated to preside over. Adams was savaged in the press, derided in the Senate and denounced by one of his oldest and closest friends. Not simply an isolated incident of political tone-deafness, this event set the stage for the campaign against Adams as a monarchist and provided further proof of his being woefully out of touch.

Armed Violence in the Ideology of Contemporary Islamic Fundamentalism - Study models

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Laith Mzahim Khudair Kazem
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Armed Violence ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
At Home

The armed violence of many radical Islamic movements is one of the most important means to achieve the goals and objectives of these movements. These movements have legitimized and legitimized these violent practices and constructed justification ideologies in order to justify their use for them both at home against governments or against the other Religiously, intellectually and even culturally, or abroad against countries that call them the term "unbelievers", especially the United States of America.

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