Behaviour of square hollow structural steel braces with end connections under reversed cyclic axial loading

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Shaback ◽  
Tom Brown
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Gusset Plates ◽  
Gusset Plate ◽  
Hysteretic Behaviour ◽  
Specific Loading

The hysteretic behaviour of nine square hollow structural steel (HSS) sections with gusset plate end con nections subject to inelastic cyclic loading has been examined by an experimental investigation. Brace slenderness ratio, width to thickness ratio, and to a lesser extent, the end connection were identified as the key parameters in the tests. It was shown that the effective slenderness ratio is the most important parameter governing the hysteretic behaviour. The out-of-plane deflection of the brace can be accurately calculated using a simplified geometrical model or a model calibrated against the test results. Reduced compressive capacity as specified by the current Canadian Standards Asso ciation (CSA) standard was nonconservative for the specific loading sequence employed in this series of tests. Quantification of the energy dissipation proved that the gusset plates account for a small percentage of the total energy dissipated. The experimental fracture life of the specimens proved to be most affected by the width to thickness ratio and the effective slenderness ratio. An empirical equation is proposed to more accurately determine the theoretical fracture life of an HSS brace.Key words: brace, hysteresis, steel, hollow structural section, cyclic, end connection, fracture, energy dissipation, compressive capacity, effective slenderness ratio.

Experimental cyclic loading of concentric HSS braces

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhar Haddad ◽  
Tom Brown ◽  
Nigel Shrive
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motion ◽  
Braced Frames ◽  
Gusset Plate ◽  
Plate Size ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Hysteresis Behaviour

During earthquake ground motion, diagonal braces in braced frames are subject to a series of cyclic loadings, alternately tension and compression. The brace can buckle and deform plastically, dissipating energy with damage accumulating in the steel. Eventually a crack may form and the brace fractures. To optimize energy dissipation, the effects of brace and gusset plate dimensions (thickness and length of the gusset plate, size of the brace, length of the brace), and material properties, on brace behaviour, need to be understood. Ten concentric bracing members, designed according to the weak brace – strong gusset concept, were tested. The objective was to investigate the effects of displacement history, brace effective slenderness ratio, and brace width/thickness ratio, on the hysteresis behaviour of bracing members. Displacement history was found to affect energy dissipation and fracture life. The effects of increasing the gusset plate thickness on the energy dissipation and the fracture life is not the same as reducing the effective slenderness ratio of the bracing member resulted from reducing the length of the HSS. New fracture life and energy life equations are proposed.

Estimation of Seismic Energy Dissipation for Steel Slit Shear Walls Considering Out-of-Plane Buckling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Ma ◽  
Liusheng He ◽  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Energy Dissipation Capacity

Steel slit shear walls (SSSWs), made by cutting slits in steel plates, are increasingly adopted in seismic design of buildings for energy dissipation. This paper estimates the seismic energy dissipation capacity of SSSWs considering out-of-plane buckling. In the experimental study, three SSSW specimens were designed with different width-thickness ratios and aspect ratios and tested under quasi-static cyclic loading. Test results showed that the width-thickness ratio of the links dominated the occurrence of out-of-plane buckling, which produced pinching in the hysteresis and thus reduced the energy dissipation capacity. Out-of-plane buckling occurred earlier for the links with a larger width-thickness ratio, and vice versa. Refined finite element model was built for the SSSW specimens, and validated by the test results. The concept of average pinching parameter was proposed to quantify the degree of pinching in the hysteresis. Through the parametric analysis, an equation was derived to estimate the average pinching parameter of the SSSWs with different design parameters. A new method for estimating the energy dissipation of the SSSWs considering out-of-plane buckling was proposed, by which the predicted energy dissipation agreed well with the test results.

Experimental study on seismic performance of suspended ceiling components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Huanjun Jiang ◽  
Chen Wu ◽  
Zihui Xu ◽  
Zhiyuan Qin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Deformation Capacity ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Load Carrying

<p>Suspended ceiling systems (SCSs) experienced severe damage during strong earthquakes that occurred in recent years. The capacity of the ceiling component is a crucial factor affecting the seismic performance of SCS. Therefore, a series of static tests on suspended ceiling components under monotonic and cyclic loadings were carried out to investigate the seismic performance of the ceiling components. The ceiling components include main tee splices, cross tee latches and peripheral attachments. All specimens were tested under axial loading. Additionally, the static tests of cross tee latches subjected to shear and bending loadings were performed due to their seismic vulnerability. The failure pattern, load-carrying ability, deformation capacity and energy dissipation of the ceiling components are presented in detail in this study.</p>

A Strain Based Criterion to Evaluate the Tensile Capacity of Transmission Pipelines Under Large Scale Cyclic Bending

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Andrés Plata Uribe ◽  
Claudio Ruggieri
Keyword(s):  
Structural Steel ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
Void Coalescence ◽  
Ductile Crack ◽  
Tubular Specimen ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Tension Tests

This study explores the capability of a computational cell methodology and a stress-modified, critical strain (SMCS) criterion for void coalescence implemented into a large scale, 3-D finite element framework to model ductile fracture behavior in tensile specimens and in damaged pipelines. In particular, the cell methodology provides a convenient approach for ductile crack extension suitable for large scale numerical analyses which includes a damage criterion and a microstructural length scale over which damage occurs. A series of tension tests conducted on notched tensile specimens with different notch radius for a carbon steel pipe provides the stress-strain response of the tested structural steel from which the cell parameters and the SMCS criterion are calibrated. To investigate ductile cracking behavior in damaged pipelines, full scale cyclic bend tests were performed on a 165 mm O.D tubular specimen with 11 mm wall thickness made of a pipeline steel with very similar mechanical characteristics to the structural steel employed in the tension tests. The tubular specimen was initially subjected to indentation by 3-point bend loading followed by a compressive axial loading to generate large localized buckling in the dented region. The axial loading was then reversed to a tension loading applied until a visible ductile crack could be observed in the pipe surface. These exploratory analyses predict the tensile failure load for the pipe specimen associated with ductile crack initiation in the highly damaged area inside the denting and buckling zone which is in good agreement with experimental measurements.

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Larch Glulam Columns under Axial Compression

2016 ◽  
Vol 847 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Xian Yan Zhou ◽  
Dan Zeng ◽  
Zhi Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Ultimate Bearing Capacity ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
Short Columns

At present, the relevant researches of Glulam columns in China are mainly restricted to short columns. In order to study the mechanical properties of long columns under axial loading, an experimental study on five different slenderness ratios of Larch Glulam columns was carried out. With slenderness ratio changing, the variations of experimental data such as axial strain, lateral deflection at mid-height, ultimate bearing capacity, and peak strain were comparatively analyzed. The failure pattern and failure mechanism of long columns were discussed. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of Larch Glulam columns gradually decreases as the slenderness radio increases and the failure mode is gradually converted from strength failure to instability failure. The ultimate load reduction factor is obtained by regression analysis based on the experiment results of Larch Glulam short columns. The basis for design and application of Larch Glulam columns are provided.

The Study of Wooden Clamps for Strengthening of Connection on Bamboo Truss Structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astuti Masdar ◽  
Bambang Suhendro ◽  
Suprapto Siswosukarto ◽  
Djoko Sulistyo
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Truss Structure ◽  
Gusset Plates ◽  
Gusset Plate ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Connection System ◽  
Plate System

High strength bamboo material cannot be fully utilized in construction projects due to the constraints of the connection system. The connection system element on the truss structure greatly affects the strength of the structure. Several studies have been completed to provide higher strength of the truss connections. However, the connection system is constrained by the costs of construction, availability of materials, equipment, skilled labored standardization. In this study, a connection system that possesses lightweight properties but with higher strength and lower cost while keeping the form of the bamboo being connected to remain natural has been developed. The proposed connection system consists of bolts, wooden gusset plates and special wooden clamps that have been adjusted with the shape and dimension of the bamboos being connected. A connection system without filler material on bamboo culms and wooden clamps used to increase the contribution to the shear at the connection has been proposed. The results showed an increase in the strength of the proposed connection of about 40% of the wood gusset plate system using wooden clamps than connection system without using wooden clamps, so it can be concluded that the proposed connection system possesses higher strength, yet much lower weight and has the potential for practical applications.

Performance of Cross Bracings under Reverse Cyclic Loading

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 1774-1780
Author(s):  
Zuo Zhou Zhao ◽  
Qin Zhi Liu ◽  
Jia Ru Qian
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Seismic Retrofit ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Hysteretic Property ◽  
Fracture Ductility ◽  
Design Requirements

Steel braces are widely used in seismic retrofit of buildings. However, their tendency of buckling under compression impairs their efficacy. In this paper, characteristics of a cross bracing with rigid intersection, including its bearing capacity, hysteretic property and fracture ductility are investigated. With the analysis results, performance-based design requirements of a steel cross bracing are proposed based on its width-thickness ratio and effective slenderness ratio.

scholarly journals A Numerical Study of the Effect of Component Dimensions on the Critical Buckling Load of a GFRP Composite Strut under Uniaxial Compression

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quoc Hoan Doan ◽  
Duc-Kien Thai ◽  
Ngoc Long Tran
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Buckling Load ◽  
Critical Buckling Load ◽  
Channel Section ◽  
Gfrp Composite ◽  
Thin Walled

In the practical design of thin-walled composite columns, component dimensions should be wisely designed to meet the buckling resistance and economic requirements. This paper provides a novel and useful investigation based on a numerical study of the effects of the section dimensions, thickness ratio, and slenderness ratio on the critical buckling load of a thin-walled composite strut under uniaxial compression. The strut was a channel-section-shaped strut and was made of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite material by stacking symmetrical quasi-isotropic layups using the autoclave technique. For the purpose of this study, a numerical finite element model was developed for the investigation by using ABAQUS software. The linear and post-buckling behavior analysis was performed to verify the results of the numerical model with the obtained buckling load from the experiment. Then, the effects of the cross-section dimensions, thickness ratio, and slenderness ratio on the critical buckling load of the composite strut, which is determined using an eigenvalue buckling analysis, were investigated. The implementation results revealed an insightful interaction between cross-section dimensions and thickness ratio and the buckling load. Based on this result, a cost-effective design was recommended as a useful result of this study. Moreover, a demarcation point between global and local buckling of the composite strut was also determined. Especially, a new design curve for the channel-section GFRP strut, which is governed by the proposed constitutive equations, was introduced to estimate the critical buckling load based on the input component dimension.

Effect of Width-to-Thickness Ratio on Large Deformation in Shear Panel Hysteresis Damper Using Low Yield Point Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 1460-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Y. Abebe ◽  
Jae Hyouk Choi ◽  
Si Jeong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Large Deformation ◽  
Yield Point ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Energy Dissipating Device ◽  
Shear Panel

Recently, building and other civil engineering structures are built with energy dissipating device in order to reduce the damages caused by earthquake. There are a number of seismic energy dissipating device and steel dampers are among many energy dissipation device which is widely used because they are easy for construction, maintenance and low cost. Shear panel damper (SPD) is a type steel damper that dissipates energy by metallic deformation or using hysteresis of material as a source of energy dissipation. Low yield point steel is a good material to be used as a hysteresis damper since it has excellent ductility performance. Nonlinear finite element analysis was carried out to predict the large deformation and hysteretic behavior of SPD using low yield point steel (SLY120) for different width-to-thickness ratio. In order to verify the analysis simulation, quasi-static loading was also conducted and from the comparison a satisfactory result was found.

Aeolian Vibration Analysis of Different Node Connectivity Steel Rods

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 2975-2980
Author(s):  
Li Qin ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Pei Jie Zhang ◽  
Hao Shu Ding
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Vibration Analysis ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Gusset Plate ◽  
First Order ◽  
Critical Wind Speed ◽  
Aeolian Vibration ◽  
Node Connectivity

ANSYS is applied to establish finite element model of steel rods with different slenderness ratio (50-250) and differernt node connectivity ([-shaped gusset plate, U-shaped gusset plate, cross-gusset and flange). Modal analysis is used to obtain the first-order natural frequency and VIV formula is used to obtain the first-order critical wind speed of steel rods. Contrasting the simulation value with the corresponding value given by the specification, the results show that there is a great difference between the first-order critical wind speed of most steel rods and the corresponding value given by the specification.

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