Field inspection and laboratory testing of highway pavement rutting

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turki I Al-Suleiman ◽  
Mohammed Taleb Obaidat ◽  
Ghassan T Abdul-Jabbar ◽  
Taisir S Khedaywi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Highway Pavement

The main objective of this research was to investigate the contribution of pavement characteristics, traffic, and physical and mechanical properties of asphaltic mixtures to highway pavement rutting. A total of 51 pavement sections from the rural highway network in Jordan were selected for a case study. The average rut depths for these sections were measured and three cores were drilled for comprehensive laboratory testing. The investigation was performed using four approaches. The first approach considered pavement characteristics represented by surface thickness, last overlay thickness, pavement age, and subgrade California bearing ratio. The average annual equivalent single axle load was also included in this approach. The second approach included Marshall test parameters such as stability, flow, stiffness, and Marshall modulus. The third approach dealt with the effect of mixture air voids on rutting. The variables examined in this approach include air void content within the ruts, voids between ruts, voids near the pavement centerline, and the difference between centerline and rut voids. The fourth approach considered the dynamic permanent deformation characteristics of the pavement surface layer represented by the dynamic modulus. Regression analysis techniques were employed to develop statistical relationships between average rut depths and the parameters examined in each individual approach. The combined effect of these significant parameters on pavement rutting was also examined for prediction purposes. Rutting formation was found to be most dependent on the traffic loading, dynamic modulus of the bituminous mixture and its susceptibility to further compaction, and foundation soil strength.Key words: pavement rutting and characteristics, Marshall test, traffic loading, air voids, static creep, dynamic permanent deformation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effects of waste glass in asphalt concrete using the Marshall test

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Olumide Moses Ogundipe ◽  
Emeka Segun Nnochiri
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Asphalt Mix ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Environmental Agencies ◽  
Glass Filler

The study investigates the use of waste glass as filler in asphalt concrete. Waste glass constitutes a significant proportion of the waste generated in both developed and developing countries. Successful utilization of the waste glass in asphalt will reduce the problem faced by environmental agencies at ensuring safe disposal of the non-biodegradable waste and may improve the asphalt properties. In the study, a waste glass in form of a filler was introduced into the asphalt mix at 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18% and 20% of the total mix. The asphalt concrete samples with and without waste glass as filler were subjected to the Marshall test to determine the stability, flow, air voids, void in mix aggregate and void filled with bitumen. The Marshall test results show that stability increases when increasing glass filler up to 18%, although the values were lower than of the asphalt concrete without waste glass. This implies improved resistance to fatigue for higher waste glass content. Also, the flow increases with increasing glass filler, which implies the resistance to permanent deformation which did not improve. Generally, the introduction of waste glass in the asphalt concrete is environmentally friendly, and it will aid the sustainable management of waste glass.

Design and Performance Evaluation of Fine-Graded Permeable Friction Course

2012 ◽  
Vol 2293 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Cindy Estakhri ◽  
Tom Scullion ◽  
Xiaodi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Aggregate Fraction ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
And Performance

Permeable friction courses (PFCs) are popular in Texas, where the current specification for PFC (Item 342) has a maximum aggregate size of 1/2 in. and is typically placed in layer thicknesses of 1.5 to 2 in. In this study fine-graded PFCs composed of a single aggregate fraction are proposed for placement at a nominal thickness of 1 in. Initial laboratory testing found that the target air void content for volumetric design would be around 26% air voids, substantially higher than the current PFC designs, which are between 18% and 22% air voids. To minimize the likelihood of failure, extensive laboratory testing was performed to arrive at the proposed design. Tests included Hamburg wheel-track testing, overlay tester cracking, and Cantabro, draindown, and water flow tests. The proposed fine PFC mix was first placed on a test track in Pecos, Texas. Two designs were placed and subjected to limited traffic loadings, field water flow, noise, and skid measurements. These test sections performed well. The next section was placed on a Texas Department of Transportation project in May 2011 and subjected to extremely intense traffic loading conditions on an exit ramp on US-59 in Lufkin. This ramp has a high frequency of wet-weather accidents. In addition to extreme traffic loads, the surface experienced extreme heat (air temperatures approaching 105°F) and heavy localized rain (a 6-in. rain event within a 24-h period). After 3 months the fine PFC is holding up well.

scholarly journals A GPR-Based Pavement Density Profiler: Operating Principles and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2613
Author(s):  
Nectaria Diamanti ◽  
A. Peter Annan ◽  
Steven R. Jackson ◽  
Dylan Klazinga
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Wave Impedance ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Pavement Engineering ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Air Void ◽  
Air Void Content

Density is one of the most important parameters in the construction of asphalt mixtures and pavement engineering. When a mixture is properly designed and compacted, it will contain enough air voids to prevent plastic deformation but will have low enough air void content to prevent water ingress and moisture damage. By mapping asphalt pavement density, areas with air void content outside of the acceptable range can be identified to predict its future life and performance. We describe a new instrument, the pavement density profiler (PDP) that has evolved from many years of making measurements of asphalt pavement properties. This instrument measures the electromagnetic (EM) wave impedance to infer the asphalt pavement density (or air void content) locally and over profiles.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of WMA Containing Re-Refined Acidic Sludge and Amorphous Poly Alpha Olefin (APAO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3315
Author(s):  
Mansour Fakhri ◽  
Danial Arzjani ◽  
Pooyan Ayar ◽  
Maede Mottaghi ◽  
Nima Arzjani
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Moisture Damage ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The Road ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Alpha Olefin

The use of waste materials has been increasingly conceived as a sustainable alternative to conventional materials in the road construction industry, as concerns have arisen from the uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources in recent years. Re-refined acidic sludge (RAS) obtained from a waste material—acidic sludge—is an alternative source for bitumen. This study’s primary purpose is to evaluate the resistance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures containing RAS and a polymeric additive against moisture damage and rutting. The modified bitumen studied in this research is a mixture of virgin bitumen 60/70, RAS (10, 20, and 30%), and amorphous poly alpha olefin (APAO) polymer. To this end, Marshall test, moisture susceptibility tests (i.e., tensile strength ratio (TSR), residual Marshall, and Texas boiling water), resilient modulus, and rutting assessment tests (i.e., dynamic creep, Marshall quotient, and Kim) were carried out. The results showed superior values for modified mixtures compared to the control mix considering the Marshall test. Moreover, the probability of a reduction in mixes’ moisture damage was proved by moisture sensitivity tests. The results showed that modified mixtures could improve asphalt mixtures’ permanent deformation resistance and its resilience modulus. Asphalt mixtures containing 20% RAS (substitute for bitumen) showed a better performance in all the experiments among the samples tested.

scholarly journals Study of High-Temperature Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Used for Bridge Pavement with Concrete Deck

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4238
Author(s):  
Piotr Pokorski ◽  
Piotr Radziszewski ◽  
Michał Sarnowski
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Binder Content ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Protective Layers ◽  
Concrete Bridge Decks ◽  
Air Void ◽  
Air Void Content

The paper presents the issue of resistance to permanent deformations of bridge pavements placed upon concrete bridge decks. In Europe, bridge asphalt pavement usually consists of a wearing course and a protective layer, which are placed over the insulation (waterproofing). Protective layers of bridge pavement are commonly constructed using low air void content asphalt mixes as this provides the suitable tightness of such layers. Due to increased binder content, asphalt mixes for bridge pavement may have reduced resistance to permanent deformations. The article presents test results of resistance to permanent deformations of asphalt mixes for the protective layers. In order to determine the composition of mixtures with low air void content and resistance to permanent deformation, an experimental design was applied using a new concept of asphalt mix composition. Twenty-seven different asphalt mixture compositions were analyzed. The mixtures varied in terms of binder content, sand content and grit ratio. Resistance to permanent deformation was tested using the laboratory uniaxial cyclic compression method (dynamic load creep). On the basis of experimental results and statistical analysis, the functions of asphalt mixture permanent deformation resistance were established. This enabled a determination of suitable mixture compositions for protective layers for concrete bridge decks.

Performance of Virginia’s Early Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt Mixtures

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (28) ◽  
pp. 178-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey D. Diefenderfer
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Repeated Load ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Virginia Department ◽  
Performance Grading ◽  
Air Void

The Virginia Department of Transportation began allowing the use of warm mix asphalt (WMA) in 2008. Although several WMA technologies were investigated prior to implementation, foamed WMA was not. This study evaluated the properties and performance of foamed WMA placed during the initial implementation of the technology to determine whether the technology had performed as expected. Six mixtures produced using plant foaming technologies and placed between 2008 and 2010 were identified and subjected to field coring and laboratory testing. Coring was performed in 2014, resulting in pavement ages from 4 to 6 years. Three comparable hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures were cored at 5 years for comparison. Cores were evaluated for air-void contents and permeability and were subjected to dynamic modulus, repeated load permanent deformation, and overlay testing. In addition, binder was extracted and recovered for performance grading. Similar properties were found for the WMA and HMA mixtures. One WMA mixture had high dynamic modulus and binder stiffness, but overlay testing did not indicate any tendency for premature cracking. All binders had aged between two and three performance grades above that specified at construction. WMA binders and one HMA binder aged two grades higher, and the remaining two HMA binders aged three grades higher, indicating a likely influence on aging of the reduced temperatures at which the early foamed mixtures were typically produced. Overall results indicated that foamed WMA and HMA mixtures should be expected to perform similarly.

Coarse Aggregate Effects on Elastic Moduli of Concrete

1996 ◽  
Vol 1547 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouzid Choubane ◽  
Chung-Lung Wu ◽  
Mang Tia
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Static Modulus ◽  
Aggregate Effects ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

The results of a laboratory testing program carried out to investigate the effect of coarse aggregate types on the elastic modulus of typical pavement concretes are presented. The elastic modulus was determined in both flexure and compression using static and dynamic means. Three different mixes, made using three different aggregates, were compared. The water-cement ratio was kept at 0.53 throughout the test program. The results showed that within the tested range, the aggregate type significantly affected the studied properties of concrete. Calera aggregate (a dense limestone) with its rough-textured surface and angular shape produced a concrete with higher strength and stiffness than those of concretes made with Brooksville aggregate (a porous limestone) and river gravel. In addition, the measured dynamic modulus in compression was significantly different from that in flexure. Also, in flexure, the dynamic modulus was higher than the static modulus by an average of 23 percent, whereas in compression, the dynamic modulus appeared to be in the same range as the static modulus. The change in frequency from 1 to 7 Hz did not have a significant influence on the dynamic modulus.

scholarly journals The Influence of a Polymer Powder on the Properties of a Cold-Recycled Mixture with Foamed Bitumen

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Buczyński ◽  
Marek Iwański
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Polymer Powder ◽  
Varied Chemical ◽  
Foamed Bitumen ◽  
Powder Type ◽  
Air Void ◽  
Reference Mixture

The paper investigates the influence of redispersible polymer powder (RPP) on the physical and mechanical properties of a cold-recycled mixture with foamed bitumen (CRM-FB). Four types of RPP with a varied chemical base were used: VA-VeoVA, VA-VeoVa-Ac, EVA and VA/VV/E/Ac. The polymer powder-modified cold recycled mixture with foamed bitumen, (P)CRM-FB, was composed of 45.8% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), 45.8% natural aggregate (VA), 3.0% Portland cement CEM I 42,5R, 3.0% foamed bitumen 50/70 and 3.0% RPP, all dosed by weight. The reference mixture, (R)CRM-FB, served as a reference point for comparison. It was found that RPP improved the workability of the CRM-FB mixture. This results in a reduced number of compaction cycles and lower energy needed to obtain the air void content as in the reference mixture. In addition, the RPP modifier markedly increased the CRM-FB mixture cohesion (ITSDRY) and strength, by approximately 40–70%, depending on the RPP used. These findings are particularly important for CRM-FB mixtures designed for road bases. The present investigations confirmed the improvement of the CRM-FB mixture parameters after the modification with RPP, regardless of the powder type used.

Development of Performance-Related Specifications for Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavements Through WesTrack

1997 ◽  
Vol 1575 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Seeds ◽  
Rudramunniyappa Basavaraju ◽  
Jon A. Epps ◽  
Richard M. Weed
Keyword(s):  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Pavement Performance Prediction

The primary objective of the FHWA-sponsored WesTrack project is to further the development of performance-related specifications for hotmix asphalt construction. This objective is being achieved, in part, through the accelerated loading of a full-scale test track facility in northern Nevada. Twenty-six hot-mix asphalt test sections constructed to meet the criteria set forth in a statistically based experiment design are providing performance data that will be used to improve existing (or develop new) pavement performance prediction relationships that better account for the effects that “off-target” values of asphalt content, air-void content, and aggregate gradation have on such distress factors as fatigue cracking, permanent deformation, roughness, raveling, and tirepavement friction. The concept of the planned new performance-related specification and how it will incorporate the modified pavement performance prediction models are described. The current plan for assessing contractor pay adjustments (i.e., penalties and bonuses) based on data collected from the as-constructed pavement is also discussed.

Rheological Properties of High Grade Asphalt and its Mixture

2014 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Shan Ye ◽  
Chang Jian Ye ◽  
Zhi Lin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Complex Shear Modulus ◽  
Complex Shear ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Test

Viscosity test, dynamic shear test, dynamic modulus test and creep test were conducted to investigate the rheological properties of high modulus asphalt and its mixture. Test results indicated that the viscosity of hard grade asphalt could be increased when compared with the ordinary asphalt, especially at high temperatures. The complex shear modulus and dynamic modulus of hard-grade asphalt binder and its mixture were increased, which implied that the stiffness of them was enhanced. Furthermore, the elastically portions for viscoelastic property of asphalt binders were increased, which resulted in the reduction of phase angle for hard grade asphalt binders and mixtures. The rutting parameter for hard-grade asphalt mixture was increased remarkably, which revealed that the resistance to permanent deformation could be significantly improved for hard grade asphalt mixture.

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