Reply to the discussion of “Overweight and obese boys reduce food intake in response to a glucose drink but fail to increase intake in response to exercise of short duration”

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1016-1017
Author(s):  
Barkha P. Patel ◽  
Shlomi Tamam ◽  
Nick Bellissimo ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Response To Exercise

Overweight and obese boys reduce food intake in response to a glucose drink but fail to increase intake in response to exercise of short duration

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomi Tamam ◽  
Nick Bellissimo ◽  
Barkha P. Patel ◽  
Scott G. Thomas ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Intake Regulation

The effect of short duration exercise (EXR) on food intake (FI) and energy balance (EB) is not well understood in either normal weight (NW) or overweight (OW) and obese (OB) 9–14 years old children. Our purpose was to describe the effects of activity and a glucose drink on short term FI, appetite, and EB in NW, OW, and OB boys. Each boy received in random order either a noncaloric Sucralose sweetened control or glucose (1.0 g·kg–1 body weight) drink 5 min after either exercise (EXR) or sedentary (SED) activity. Boys exercised for 15 min at their ventilation threshold (VT) in experiment 1 or at 25% above their VT in experiment 2. FI was measured at an ad libitum pizza meal 30 min after drink consumption. FI was lower after the glucose drink (p < 0.001) but not affected by activity, even though EXR increased appetite (p < 0.001). OW/OB boys ate more total food than NW boys (p = 0.020). EB over the duration of the experiments was reduced by EXR in OW/OB boys (p = 0.013) but not in NW boys in either experiment (p > 0.05). We conclude that intake regulation in OW/OB boys in response to a glucose drink is similar to NW boys, but it may be less responsive to activity.

scholarly journals CCK-8 and CCK-58 differ in their effects on nocturnal solid meal pattern in undisturbed rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (8) ◽  
pp. R850-R860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Goebel-Stengel ◽  
Andreas Stengel ◽  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Gordon Ohning ◽  
Yvette Taché ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Behavior

Various molecular forms of CCK reduce food intake in rats. Although CCK-8 is the most studied form, we reported that CCK-58 is the only detectable endocrine peptide form in rats. We investigated the dark-phase rat chow intake pattern following injection of CCK-8 and CCK-58. Ad libitum-fed male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with CCK-8, CCK-58 (0.6, 1.8, and 5.2 nmol/kg), or vehicle. Food intake pattern was assessed during the dark phase using an automated weighing system that allowed continuous undisturbed monitoring of physiological eating behavior. Both CCK-8 and CCK-58 dose dependently reduced 1-h, dark-phase food intake, with an equimolar dose of 1.8 nmol being similarly effective (−49% and −44%). CCK-58 increased the latency to the first meal, whereas CCK-8 did not. The intermeal interval was reduced after CCK-8 (1.8 nmol/kg, −41%) but not after CCK-58. At this dose, CCK-8 increased the satiety ratio by 80% and CCK-58 by 160%, respectively, compared with vehicle. When behavior was assessed manually, CCK-8 reduced locomotor activity (−31%), whereas grooming behavior was increased (+59%). CCK-58 affected neither grooming nor locomotor activity. In conclusion, reduction of food intake by CCK-8 and CCK-58 is achieved by differential modulation of food intake microstructure and behavior. These data highlight the importance of studying the molecular forms of peptides that exist in vivo in tissue and circulation of the animal being studied.

Cholecystokinin is a Satiety Hormone in Humans at Physiological Post-Prandial Plasma Concentrations

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Ballinger ◽  
Lorraine McLoughlin ◽  
Sami Medbak ◽  
Michael Clark
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Plasma Cholecystokinin ◽  
Satiety Hormone

1. Intravenous infusions of the brain/gut hormone, cholecystokinin, have been shown to reduce food intake in a subsequent test meal. However, in previous studies the doses administered were large and likely to have produced plasma concentrations far in excess of the normal post-prandial range. 2. In this study cholecystokinin-8 was infused intravenously to six healthy subjects in doses that reproduced physiological post-prandial concentrations. Plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin were measured using a novel sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. The effect of cholecystokinin-8 infusion on subsequent food intake in a standard test meal was compared with the effect of saline infusion in the same subjects. 3. Food intake (mean ± SEM) was significantly less during cholecystokinin (5092 ± 665 kJ) than during saline infusion (6418 ± 723 kJ, P = 0.03). During cholecystokinin infusion, plasma concentrations increased from 0.45 ± 0.06 pmol/l to 7.28 ± 2.43 pmol/l immediately before the meal. With saline infusion there was no premeal increase in plasma cholecystokinin concentration. 4. This paper describes a novel radioimmunoassay for measurement of plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin. Using this assay we have demonstrated that cholecystokinin is important in control of satiety in humans.

Chronic infusion of islet amyloid polypeptide causes anorexia in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (6) ◽  
pp. R1654-R1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Arnelo ◽  
J. Permert ◽  
T. E. Adrian ◽  
J. Larsson ◽  
P. Westermark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Islet Amyloid Polypeptide ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Islet Amyloid ◽  
Minimal Effective Dose ◽  
Subcutaneous Infusion ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Chronic Infusion ◽  
High Doses

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a hormonal peptide that at high doses has been shown to reduce food intake. In the present study, the dose-response effects of subcutaneous infusion of IAPP (0, 2, 7, and 25 pmol.kg-1.min-1) for 8 days on food intake and meal patterns in rats were investigated. At the end of the experiment, plasma was obtained and levels of IAPP were measured by radioimmunoassay. IAPP dose-dependently and transiently inhibited food intake. The minimal effective dose (2 pmol.kg-1.min-1) caused a small but significant (up to 14%, P < 0.01) inhibition of food intake that lasted 5 days. The highest dose administered (25 pmol.kg-1.min-1) had the greatest effect (up to 44%, P < 0.001), which lasted throughout the 8-day period. Reductions in feeding during light and dark phases occurred through a decrease in number of meals consumed rather than meal size or meal duration. IAPP also decreased body weight gain and water intake dose dependently. IAPP infusion of 2, 7, and 25 pmol.kg-1.min-1 increased plasma IAPP concentrations from a basal level of 10.3 +/- 0.7 pM to 35.1 +/- 5.4, 78.1 +/- 11.2, and 236.6 +/- 23.6 pM, respectively, values that are likely to be close to physiological and within the pathophysiological ranges. Thus IAPP may play an important physiological or pathophysiological role in control of food intake.

scholarly journals Beating uncontrolled eating: Training inhibitory control to reduce food intake and food cue sensitivity

Appetite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danna Oomen ◽  
Maud Grol ◽  
Desiree Spronk ◽  
Charlotte Booth ◽  
Elaine Fox
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Serum leptin concentration in pigs selected for high or low daily food intake

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
N.D. Cameron ◽  
J.C. Penman ◽  
E. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Large White ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Seven Generations

Leptin is synthesised and secreted from adipocytes into the blood stream and transported to the brain, where it acts to cause a release of factors which can reduce food intake (Houseknecht et al., 1998). There are two murine mutations of the recessive gene coding for leptin which are associated with obesity. The Lepob allele determines synthesis and secretion of leptin, while the Lepdb allele determines responsiveness to leptin. In the Edinburgh lean growth experiment in pigs, selection for high and low daily food intake (DFI) has been practiced for seven generations in a Large White herd, which provides the experimental resource to determine if the correlated response in fat deposition is consistent with insufficient leptin production or with insensitivity to leptin.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Protein Source on Appetite and Subsequent Food Intake in Healthy Adults (P08-066-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess Gwin ◽  
Heather Leidy
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Desire To Eat

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of consuming isocaloric, higher-protein breakfast shakes varying in protein source on appetite, satiety, and subsequent breakfast and lunch food intake in healthy adults. Methods Thirty-two adults (Age: 25 ± 1y; BMI: 24.2 ± 0.5 kg/m2) randomly consumed 250 kcal higher-protein breakfast shakes (24 g total protein; 17 g CHO; 9 g fat), varying only in protein source (whey protein isolate, WHEY; soy protein isolate, SOY; Micellar Casein, CAS; pea protein isolate, PEA; and milk protein isolate; MILK) for 3 days/shake. On day 4, the participants completed a 4-h testing day that included the consumption of the respective shake followed by blood sampling and questionnaires taken every 30 min to assess appetite and satiety. At the end of the testing day, an ad libitum lunch was provided. In addition, we sought to assess whether the study shakes consumed as breakfast preloads reduce food intake within the breakfast eating occasion. Thus, on day 5, the respective shake was consumed 30 min before an ad libitum breakfast. Results Postprandial differences in morning fullness and desire to eat were detected between protein shakes. Specifically, MILK led to greater 4-h fullness vs. WHEY, SOY, and PEA (all, P < 0.05) but not vs. CAS. CAS led to greater fullness vs. SOY (P < 0.05). In addition, MILK, CAS, and PEA led to greater decreases in 4-h desire to eat vs. SOY (all, P < 0.05). No differences in hunger, prospective food consumption, or food cravings were detected. At the subsequent lunch meal, the participants consumed on average 750 ± 70 kcal with no differences observed between shakes. Lastly, regardless of the protein source within the preloads, the participants consumed an additional +280 ± 50 kcal from other breakfast foods. Blood sampling analyses of metabolic analytes and appetite hormones are on-going. Conclusions Although protein source differences within isocaloric, higher-protein breakfast shakes influenced appetite responses throughout the morning, subsequent breakfast and lunch intake was not modified. Funding Sources Leprino Foods.

The Meal Patterns of the Oestrous Cycle and Their Motivational Significance

1974 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Drewett
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Sexual Receptivity ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Meal Patterns ◽  
Nutritional Deprivation ◽  
The Way

Food intake was monitored continuously throughout the oestrous cycle of the rat by operant methods. On the night of oestrus the size of meals eaten was reduced and the average intermeal interval was shorter; and even after meals of the same size, oestrous animals returned to eat again more quickly than dioestrous animals. These results suggest that the way in which ovarian oestrogens reduce food intake is by intensifying processes responsible for the short-term satiation of hunger without affecting the motivational processes responsible for its arousal. Signs of motivational arousal at oestrus could thus be the result of a self-imposed nutritional deprivation, rather than a direct effect of ovarian hormones on sexual receptivity.

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