Dietary sodium citrate supplementation enhances rehydration and recovery from rapid body mass loss in trained wrestlers

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Timpmann ◽  
Andres Burk ◽  
Luule Medijainen ◽  
Maria Tamm ◽  
Kairi Kreegipuu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Body Mass Loss ◽  
And Performance

This study assessed the effects of dietary sodium citrate supplementation during a 16 h recovery from 5% rapid body mass loss (RBML) on physiological functions, affective state, and performance in trained wrestlers. Sixteen wrestlers performed an upper body intermittent sprint performance (UBISP) test under three conditions: before RBML, after RBML, and after a 16 h recovery from RBML. During recovery, the subjects ate a prescribed diet supplemented with sodium citrate (600 mg·kg–1; CIT group, N = 8) or placebo (PLC group, N = 8) and drank water ad libitum. RBML reduced (p < 0.05) UBISP mean power and increased urine specific gravity (USG). Reduction in mean power was associated with changes in plasma volume (PV) (r = 0.649, p = 0.006) and USG (r = –0.553, p = 0.026). During the 16 h recovery, increases in body mass (BM) and PV were greater (p < 0.05) in the CIT group than in the PLC group. BM gain was associated with water retention in the CIT group (r = 0.899, p = 0.002) but not in the PLC group (r = 0.335, p = 0.417). Blood pH, HCO3–concentration, and base excess increased (p < 0.05) only in the CIT group. Changes in UBISP, general negative affect, and general positive affect did not differ in the two groups. In conclusion, ingestion of sodium citrate increases blood buffering capacity and PV and stimulates BM regain during a 16 h recovery from RBML in trained wrestlers. However, sodium citrate does not improve UBISP nor does it have an impact on the affective state.

Sweat rate, salt loss, and fluid intake during an intense on-ice practice in elite Canadian male junior hockey players

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Palmer ◽  
Lawrence L. Spriet
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Body Mass Loss ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Sodium Loss

Previous research in many sports suggests that losing ~1%–2% body mass through sweating impairs athletic performance. Elite-level hockey involves high-intensity bursts of skating, arena temperatures are >10 °C, and players wear protective equipment, all of which promote sweating. This study examined the pre-practice hydration, on-ice fluid intake, and sweat and sodium losses of 44 candidates for Canada’s junior men’s hockey team (mean ± SE age, 18.4 ± 0.1 y; height, 184.8 ± 0.9 cm; mass, 89.9 ± 1.1 kg). Players were studied in groups of 10–12 during 4 intense 1 h practices (13.9 °C, 66% relative humidity) on 1 day. Hydration status was estimated by measuring urine specific gravity (USG). Sweat rate was calculated from body mass changes and fluid intake. Sweat sodium concentration ([Na]) was analyzed in forehead sweat patch samples and used with sweat rate to estimate sodium loss. Over 50% of players began practice mildly hypohydrated (USG > 1.020). Sweat rate during practice was 1.8 ± 0.1 L·h–1 and players replaced 58% (1.0 ± 0.1 L·h–1) of the sweat lost. Body mass loss averaged 0.8% ± 0.1%, but 1/3 of players lost more than 1%. Sweat [Na] was 54.2 ± 2.4 mmol·L–1 and sodium loss averaged 2.26 ± 0.17 g during practice. Players drank only water during practice and replaced no sodium. In summary, elite junior hockey players incurred large sweat and sodium losses during an intense practice, but 2/3 of players drank enough to minimize body mass loss. However, 1/3 of players lost more than 1% body mass despite ready access to fluid and numerous drinking opportunities from the coaches.

scholarly journals Effect of Fourteen Days of Acclimatization on Athletic Performance in Tropical Climate

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Voltaire ◽  
Olivier Galy ◽  
Olivier Coste ◽  
Sébastien Racinais ◽  
André Callis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Body Mass Loss ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

In order to study the acclimatization process over 14 days of exposure to tropical climate, 9 triathletes performed 4 outdoor indirect continuous multistage tests in both thermoneutral and tropical conditions. The thermoneutral test (TN, 14 °C, 45% rh) was performed before traveling to the tropical area (Martinique, FWI). The tropical tests were performed 2, 8, and 14 days after arrival (32.9 °C, 78% rh). During each trial, we measured tympanic temperature, sweat rate, body mass loss, heart rate (HR), and performance. The results showed that 1) the mean tympanic temperature was greater in T2 (P < .001), T8 (P < .01) and T14 (P < .01) than in TN and significantly lower in T14 than in T2 (P < .05); 2) the mean sweat rate was significantly greater (P < .001) in T2, T8 and T14 than in TN and significantly greater (P < .05) in T8 and T14 than in T2; 3) the body mass loss after trials was significantly greater (P < .001) in T2, T8 and T14 than in TN and significantly greater (P < .05) in T8 and T14 than in T2; 4) the mean HR and HR at rest were significantly higher (P < .005) in T2 than in TN, T8, T14 and the mean HR was significantly lower (P < .05) in T14 than in the other trials; and 5) the performance time was significantly lower in T2 (P < 0.02), T8 (P < 0.03) and T14 (P < 0.05) than in TN. We concluded that 14 days of exposure to tropical climate led to changes in physiological parameters but were still insufficient to ensure complete acclimatization in well-trained athletes. The hot/wet climate induced impairment of physiological responses and performance that were still evident on the 14th day. Keywords: triathletes, aerobic performance, jet lag, dehydration, hyperthermia

Relationships Between WUT (Body Weight, Urine Color, and Thirst Level) Criteria and Urine Indices of Hydration Status

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110384
Author(s):  
Yasuki Sekiguchi ◽  
Courteney L. Benjamin ◽  
Cody R. Butler ◽  
Margaret C. Morrissey ◽  
Erica M. Filep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Body Mass Loss ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Urine Color

Background: A Venn diagram consisting of percentage body mass loss, urine color, and thirst perception (weight, urine, thirst [WUT]) has been suggested as a practical method to assess hydration status. However, no study to date has examined relationships between WUT and urine hydration indices. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between urine specific gravity, urine osmolality, and the WUT criteria. Hypothesis: Urine specific gravity and urine osmolality indicate hypohydration when the WUT criteria demonstrate hypohydration (≥2 markers). Study Design: Laboratory cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 22 women (mean ± SD; age, 20 ± 1 years; mass, 65.4 ± 12.6 kg) and 21 men (age, 21 ± 1 years; body mass, 78.7 ± 14.6 kg) participated in this study. First morning body mass, urine color, urine specific gravity, urine osmolality, and thirst level were collected for 10 consecutive days in a free-living situation. Body mass loss >1%, urine color >5, and thirst level ≥5 were used as the dehydration thresholds. The number of markers that indicated dehydration levels were counted and categorized into either 3, 2, 1, or 0 WUT markers that indicated dehydration. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey pairwise comparisons was used to assess the differences in urine specific gravity and urine osmolality between the different number of WUT markers. Results: Urine specific gravity in 3 WUT markers (mean ± SD [effect size], 1.021 ± 0.007 [0.57]; P = 0.025) and 2 WUT markers (1.019 ± 0.010 [0.31]; P = 0.026) was significantly higher than 1 WUT marker (1.016 ± 0.009). Urine mosmolality in 2 WUT markers (705 ± 253 mOsmol [0.43]; P = 0.018) was significantly higher than 1 WUT (597 ± 253 mOsmol). Meeting at least 2 WUT markers resulted in sensitivities of 0.652 (2 WUT criteria met) and 0.933 (3 WUT criteria met) to detect urine osmolality >700 mOsmol. Conclusion: These results suggest that when 3 WUT markers are met, urine specific gravity and urine osmolality were greater than euhydration cutoff points. The WUT criterion is a useful tool to use in field settings to assess hydration status when first morning urine sample was used. Clinical Relevance: Athletes, coaches, sports scientists, and medical professionals can use WUT criteria to monitor dehydration with reduced cost and time.

scholarly journals Influence of Hydration on Physiological Function and Performance During Trail Running in the Heat

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Casa ◽  
Rebecca L. Stearns ◽  
Rebecca M. Lopez ◽  
Matthew S. Ganio ◽  
Brendon P. McDermott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Body Mass Loss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physiologic Function ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trail Running

Abstract Context: Authors of most field studies have not observed decrements in physiologic function and performance with increases in dehydration, although authors of well-controlled laboratory studies have consistently reported this relationship. Investigators in these field studies did not control exercise intensity, a known modulator of body core temperature. Objective: To directly examine the effect of moderate water deficit on the physiologic responses to various exercise intensities in a warm outdoor setting. Design: Semirandomized, crossover design. Setting: Field setting. Patients or Other Participants: Seventeen distance runners (9 men, 8 women; age  =  27 ± 7 years, height  =  171 ± 9 cm, mass  =  64.2 ± 9.0 kg, body fat  =  14.6% ± 5.5%). Intervention(s): Participants completed four 12-km runs (consisting of three 4-km loops) in the heat (average wet bulb globe temperature  =  26.5°C): (1) a hydrated, race trial (HYR), (2) a dehydrated, race trial (DYR), (3) a hydrated, submaximal trial (HYS), and (4) a dehydrated, submaximal trial (DYS). Main Outcome Measure(s): For DYR and DYS trials, dehydration was measured by body mass loss. In the submaximal trials, participants ran at a moderate pace that was matched by having them speed up or slow down based on pace feedback provided by researchers. Intestinal temperature was recorded using ingestible thermistors, and participants wore heart rate monitors to measure heart rate. Results: Body mass loss in relation to a 3-day baseline was greater for the DYR (−4.30% ± 1.25%) and DYS trials (−4.59% ± 1.32%) than for the HYR (−2.05% ± 1.09%) and HYS (−2.0% ± 1.24%) trials postrun (P &lt; .001). Participants ran faster for the HYR (53.15 ± 6.05 minutes) than for the DYR (55.7 ± 7.45 minutes; P &lt; .01), but speed was similar for HYS (59.57 ± 5.31 minutes) and DYS (59.44 ± 5.44 minutes; P &gt; .05). Intestinal temperature immediately postrun was greater for DYR than for HYR (P &lt; .05), the only significant difference. Intestinal temperature was greater for DYS than for HYS postloop 2, postrun, and at 10 and 20 minutes postrun (all: P &lt; .001). Intestinal temperature and heart rate were 0.22°C and 6 beats/min higher, respectively, for every additional 1% body mass loss during the DYS trial compared with the HYS trial. Conclusions: A small decrement in hydration status impaired physiologic function and performance while trail running in the heat.

23 Nutritional Intake and Weight Change in Severely Burned Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S20-S21
Author(s):  
Sandrine O Fossati ◽  
Beth A Shields ◽  
Renee E Cole ◽  
Adam J Kieffer ◽  
Saul J Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Body Mass Loss ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Burn Care

Abstract Introduction Nutrition is crucial for recovery from burn injuries, as severe weight (wt.) loss can lead to impaired immunity and wound healing, infections, skin graft failure, and mortality. Previous studies recommended avoiding more than 10% wt. loss, as this level resulted in increased infection rates. However, wt. loss is often not quantifiable during the critical illness phase, with severe edema masking non-fluid related body wt. changes. Energy (kcal) deficits can be used to estimate wt. loss until the edema has resolved, but previous studies in non-burn patients indicate that actual wt. loss is less than the commonly used 3500 kcal per pound of fat (7700 kcal per kg of fat). The objective of this performance improvement project was to evaluate nutritional intake and the resulting dry wt. change in severely burned patients. Methods This performance improvement project was approved by our regulatory compliance division. We performed a retrospective evaluation on patients with at least 20% total body surface area (TBSA) burns admitted for initial burn care to our intensive care unit over a 7-year period. Patients who died or who had major fascial excisions or limb amputations were excluded. Patients who did not achieve a recorded dry wt. after wound healing were not included in this analysis. Retrospective data were collected, including sex, age, burn size, kcal intake, kcal goal per the Milner equation using activity factor of 1.4, admission dry wt., dry wt. after wound healing (defined as less than 10% TBSA open wound), and days to dry wt. after wound healing. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were performed using JMP. Significance was set at p&lt; 0.05. Results The 30 included patients had the following characteristics: 90% male, 30 ± 11 years old, 45% ± 15% TBSA burn. They received 2720 ± 1092 kcal/day, meeting 68% ± 24% kcal goal, and took approximately 53 ± 30 days from injury to achieve dry wt. after wound healing. These patients had wt. loss of 8 ± 8 kg from the kcal deficit of 69,819 ± 51,704 during this time period. The kcal deficit was significantly associated with wt. change [p &lt; 0.001, R2 = 0.49, wt. change in kg = (-0.000103 x kcal deficit) – 1]. This translates to one kg of body wt. loss resulting from 9709 kcal deficit. Conclusions This performance improvement project found that an energy deficit of approximately 9700 kcal in our patients equates to 1 kg of body mass loss (4400 kcal deficit equates to 1 pound of body mass loss). These findings are similar to wt. loss studies in other patient populations and contrary to the commonly used 3500 kcal per pound of fat (7700 kcal per kg of fat).

scholarly journals Simulated model of obesity and immediate metabolic disorders after gastric shunting with anastomosis in small laboratory animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
R. I. Vynogradov ◽  
O. S. Tyvonchuk ◽  
K. O. Nadiein ◽  
V. V. Moskalenko
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Body Mass Loss ◽  
Simulated Model ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. To study metabolic changes and peculiarities of mineral balance depending on the common loop length while constructing of the simulated model of gastric shunting with one anastomosis during 60 days. Materials and methods. Experimental simulation of gastric minishunting with one anastomosis of various length of bilio-pancreatic loop was constructed on the rats. In 10 rats the anastomosis was formatted on level of half of total length of small intestine (Group I), and also in 10 - a third part of general length of small intestine (Group II). Control Group consisted of 5 rats. The indices of the extra body mass loss and metabolic changes were compared. Results. In the rats of Group I the index of the body mass loss have constituted 16.6% (41.7 gm), and of the Group II -20.6% (53.2 gm). Lowering of indices of mineral and prion metabolism, comparing preoperative values, was observed in both Groups. Dystrophic changes in osseous tissue of vertebral bodies of lumbar vertebral column were noted in animals of both Groups, more pronounced - in Group II. Conclusion. The protein and mineral metabolism disorders may be observed not only in large resection volume, but in exclusion of half and more segment of small bowel from general transit, using gastric shunting, what lacks significant advantages in the extra body mass loss, but leads to more profound metabolic disorders.

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