scholarly journals Evidence that the association between exercise intensity and insulin sensitivity is sex dependent

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn A. Hougham ◽  
Robert Ross
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Exercise Dose ◽  
Unstandardized Regression Coefficient

The purpose of this study was to determine if, after adjusting for the contribution of exercise dose, exercise intensity was associated with the improvement of insulin sensitivity. Abdominally obese, sedentary men (n = 16, (mean ± SD) age 45.0 ± 7.5 years, waist circumference 108.6 ± 5.3 cm) and women (n = 18, (mean ± SD) age 42.3 ± 6.2 years, waist circumference 100.1 ± 8.2 cm) performed daily, supervised exercise for 3 and 4 months, respectively. Exercising at a self-selected exercise intensity, men were required to expend 700 kcal per session and women 500 kcal per session. Exercise intensity and dose were determined using heart rate and oxygen consumption data obtained from repeated graded exercise tests. Insulin sensitivity was determined by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Insulin sensitivity improved in both men and women (change scores: men 7.2 ± 5.4 mg·(kg skeletal muscle (skm))–1·min–1; women 5.8 ± 7.1 mg·(kg skm)–1·min–1; p < 0.05). Exercise intensity was associated with the improvement of insulin sensitivity in men (unstandardized regression coefficient (β) = 0.43, p = 0.02). Adjusting for exercise dose, total abdominal adipose tissue (AT), or visceral AT did not alter this association (p < 0.05). Exercise intensity was not associated with the improvement of insulin sensitivity in women (β = –0.11, p = 0.7). Adjusting for exercise dose, total abdominal AT, or visceral AT did not change this association in women (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that exercise intensity is independently associated with the improvement of insulin sensitivity in abdominally obese men but not women.

Understanding cognitive performance during exercise in Reserve Officers’ Training Corps: establishing the executive function-exercise intensity relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-854
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Stone ◽  
Madison Beneda-Bender ◽  
Duncan L. McCollum ◽  
Jongjoo Sun ◽  
Joseph H. Shelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Heart Rate Reserve ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Training Corps ◽  
Reserve Officers Training Corps

The executive functioning aspect of cognition was evaluated during graded exercise in Reserve Officers’ Training Corps cadets. Executive function declined at exercise intensities of ≥80% of heart rate reserve. The decline in executive function was coupled with declines in the oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex, the brain region responsible for executive functioning. These data define the executive function-exercise intensity relationship and provide evidence supporting the reticular activation hypofrontality theory as a model of cognitive change.

Long-term efficacy of diltiazem assessed with multistage graded exercise tests in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 738-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nardev S. Khurmi ◽  
Michael J. Bowles ◽  
Martin J. O'Hara ◽  
V. Bala Subramanian ◽  
Edward B. Raftery
Keyword(s):  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
Chronic Stable Angina ◽  
Stable Angina Pectoris ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Term Efficacy ◽  
Graded Exercise

scholarly journals Laminar flow ventilation system to prevent airborne infection during exercise in the COVID-19 crisis: A single-center observational study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0257549
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Katsumata ◽  
Motoaki Sano ◽  
Hiroki Okawara ◽  
Tomonori Sawada ◽  
Daisuke Nakashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
Single Center Observational Study

Particulate generation occurs during exercise-induced exhalation, and research on this topic is scarce. Moreover, infection-control measures are inadequately implemented to avoid particulate generation. A laminar airflow ventilation system (LFVS) was developed to remove respiratory droplets released during treadmill exercise. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the number of aerosols during training on a treadmill and exercise intensity and to elucidate the effect of the LFVS on aerosol removal during anaerobic exercise. In this single-center observational study, the exercise tests were performed on a treadmill at Running Science Lab in Japan on 20 healthy subjects (age: 29±12 years, men: 80%). The subjects had a broad spectrum of aerobic capacities and fitness levels, including athletes, and had no comorbidities. All of them received no medication. The exercise intensity was increased by 1-km/h increments until the heart rate reached 85% of the expected maximum rate and then maintained for 10 min. The first 10 subjects were analyzed to examine whether exercise increased the concentration of airborne particulates in the exhaled air. For the remaining 10 subjects, the LFVS was activated during constant-load exercise to compare the number of respiratory droplets before and after LFVS use. During exercise, a steady amount of particulates before the lactate threshold (LT) was followed by a significant and gradual increase in respiratory droplets after the LT, particularly during anaerobic exercise. Furthermore, respiratory droplets ≥0.3 μm significantly decreased after using LFVS (2120800±759700 vs. 560 ± 170, p<0.001). The amount of respiratory droplets significantly increased after LT. The LFVS enabled a significant decrease in respiratory droplets during anaerobic exercise in healthy subjects. This study’s findings will aid in exercising safely during this pandemic.

Abstract 19492: Novel Assessment of Pulmonary and Systemic Pressures During Treadmill Testing via Implantable Telemetry in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Zinn ◽  
Rachel Novack ◽  
Amanda Fisher ◽  
Robert Presson ◽  
Dmitry Zaretsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Endothelial Activation ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Objectives: 1) To determine if pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP) may be measured simultaneously with systemic blood pressures (BP) during exercise testing in laboratory rats using implantable telemetry; and 2) To determine the relationship of exercise intensity to acute PAP exercise responses over the course of PAH development. Methods: A specialized implantable transmitter (Data Sciences International); via telemetry following thoracotomy with right ventricular (RV) and abdominal aortic catheter positioning, respectively enabled simultaneous systolic, diastolic and mean PAP and BP recordings. Following recovery, an incremental treadmill test measured maximal aerobic capacity (VO 2 max) via analysis of expired gases. Steady state exercise testing was then performed for 3 different submaximal relative intensities: 50, 75, and 90% VO 2 max. Pressures were recorded during each test, as well as pre- and post- exercise. At 2.5 weeks following monocrotaline (MCT, 40 mg/kg) administration (mild PH) and 7 weeks post-MCT (advanced PH), VO 2 max and steady-state exercise tests were repeated. Results: Compared to pre-MCT, at 2.5 weeks post-MCT systolic PAP increased from 25 to 41 mmHg at rest; from 105 to 117 mmHg at peak exercise; and from 40 to 58 mmHg, 46 to 65 mmHg, and 55 to 75 mmHg during running at 50, 75, and 90% VO 2 max, respectively. At 7 weeks post-MCT, PAP further increased at rest (to 59 mmHg), and during steady state running (to 69, 70, and 73 mmHg, at 50, 75, and 90% VO 2 max, respectively). During recovery from steady state exercise, the fall in PAP occurred more rapidly post-MCT, bringing PAP to even lower than resting from 10 min to 2h into recovery. Conclusions: Using implantable telemetry we have accomplished dual pressure recordings during serial exercise tests before and after PAH induction. The rise in PAP relative to exercise intensity is steeper in PAH but is accompanied by a post-exercise window of normalized PAP, which may be attributed to pronounced acute pulmonary endothelial activation. Future work will investigate how these acute effects translate to wall stress and RV remodeling with chronic exercise training and may allow for optimized exercise prescription for patients affected with PAH.

scholarly journals Discrepancies Exist between Exercise Prescription and Dose in Elite Women’s Basketball Pre-Season

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Craig Staunton ◽  
Daniel Wundersitz ◽  
Brett Gordon ◽  
Michael Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Objective Monitoring ◽  
Women's Basketball ◽  
Exercise Dose ◽  
Objectively Measured

This study assessed the influence of exercise prescription on the objectively measured exercise dose in basketball. Intensity (RPE) and volume (sRPE) were prescribed by a professional coach on a drill-by-drill basis during pre-season training for nine elite basketball players. Training drills were classified by prescribed intensity (easy-moderate, moderate-hard, hard–very hard, and very hard-maximal) and type (warm-up, skill-development, offensive- and defensive-technical/tactical, or match-simulation). Exercise intensity was objectively quantified using accelerometry-derived average net force (AvFNet) and time spent in accelerometry-derived relative intensity zones. The volume of exercise (exercise dose) was objectively quantified using accumulated impulse (AvFNet × duration). Relationships between prescribed volume and exercise dose were explored by correlations between sRPE and drill-by-drill accumulation of sRPE (dRPE) with impulse. Very hard-maximal drill intensity was greater than hard-very hard (p = 0.011), but not moderate-hard (p = 0.945). Very hard-maximal drills included the most time performing Supra-maximal intensity (>100% V ˙ O2R) efforts (p < 0.001), suggesting that intensity prescription was based upon the amount of high-intensity exercise. Correlations between impulse with sRPE and dRPE were moderate (r = 0.401, p = 0.197) and very-large (r = 0.807, p = 0.002), respectively, demonstrating that the coach misinterpreted the accumulative effect of drill volume over an entire training session. Overall, a mismatch existed between exercise prescription and exercise dose. Objective monitoring might assist coaches to improve precision of exercise prescription.

Directional ST segment deviation in graded exercise tests correlated with left ventricular segmental wall motion

1982 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
James N. Karnegis ◽  
John Matts ◽  
Naip Tuna ◽  
Kurt Amplatz ◽  
Richard B. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Motion ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Segmental Wall Motion ◽  
Segmental Wall ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Graded Exercise

scholarly journals Which functional outcome measures can we use as a surrogate for exercise capacity during remote cardiopulmonary rehabilitation assessments? A rapid narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 00526-2020
Author(s):  
Linzy Houchen-Wolloff ◽  
Enya Daynes ◽  
Amye Watt ◽  
Emma Chaplin ◽  
Nikki Gardiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Functional Outcome Measures

IntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has seen many cardiopulmonary rehabilitation services delivering programmes remotely. One area of concern is how to assess exercise capacity when a supervised exercise test is not possible. The aim of this review was to examine the relationship between functional exercise tests and recommended exercise tests for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.MethodsA rapid narrative review was carried out. Searches were conducted by two of the study authors. The study had the following features. Participants: adults, all with long-term conditions; intervention: any/none; outcome: Duke activity status index (DASI), sit to stand (STS, 30 s, 1 min and 5 repetitions), short physical performance battery (SPPB), 4-metre gait speed (4MGS) or step test (Chester/others) AND directly compared to one of the recommended exercise tests for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation: 6-min walk test (6MWT), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) or cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in terms of reporting agreement/correlation; Study design: primary research only, controlled trials or observational studies.ResultsSixteen articles out of 249 screened were included (n=2271 patients). Overall, there were weak–strong correlations for the included tests with a recommended exercise test (r=0.38–0.85). There were few reported issues with feasibility or safety of the tests. However, all tests were supervised in a clinical setting. The test that had the highest correlation with the field walking test was the 4MGS with the ISWT (r=0.78) and with the 6MWT (r=0.85).DiscussionThe 4MGS has the highest correlation with routine measures of exercise tolerance. However, it may be difficult to standardise in a remote assessment or to prescribe exercise from. Clinicians should strive for face-to-face standardised exercise tests where possible to be able to guide exercise prescription.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a Culture-Specific Dancing Programme to Meet Current Physical Activity Recommendations in Postmenopausal Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5709
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hargan ◽  
Emilie Combet ◽  
Paul Dougal ◽  
Mhairi McGowan ◽  
Mary Ann Lumsden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Activity Recommendations

This study investigated the efficacy of participation in culture-specific dancing to meet current physical activity recommendations and increase cardio-respiratory fitness in postmenopausal women. Sedentary postmenopausal women (n = 24), aged 63 ± 8 years and with BMI of 28 ± 3 kg/m2 completed a 4-week Scottish dancing study. The dancing sessions of approximately 75 min were performed twice a week and each session was based on five Scottish dances performed in 3 sets. Heart rate (HR) measurements were obtained during all dances to evaluate whether the intervention achieves the criteria of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise intensity. Body composition, waist circumference, and HR during Chester Step test were measured before and after dancing intervention. HR achieved during individual dances ranged from 64 ± 5% to 80 ± 5% of HRmax and the mean HR of the five dances corresponded to 72 ± 7% of HRmax. Post-intervention mean HR was lower throughout Level 2 (Pre, 112 ± 13 bpm; Post, 106 ± 13 bpm; p = 0.005) and Level 3 (Pre, 122 ± 14 bpm; Post, 115 ± 14 bpm; p = 0.006) of the Chester test compared with baseline values. The intervention had no impact on body weight or body fat but reduced waist circumference (Pre, 94 ± 8 cm; Post, 91 ± 9 cm; p = 0.006). Thus, traditional Scottish dancing should be advocated to sedentary postmenopausal women, emphasising its potential in meeting current physical activity recommendations in relation of weekly duration and exercise intensity and improving cardiorespiratory fitness.

scholarly journals Equine infectious anemia affects the athletic performance of equines from the Brazilian Pantanal region

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1184-1188
Author(s):  
Débora Roque de Freitas Andrade ◽  
Adalgiza Souza Carneiro Rezende ◽  
Sandra Aparecida Santos ◽  
Márcia Furlan Nogueira ◽  
Juliano Martins Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Hematocrit Level ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
Brazilian Pantanal

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of equine infectious anemia (EIA) on the physical performance of equines from the Brazilian Pantanal region. A total of 16 males were evaluated, divided into two groups: 8 seronegative (G1) and 8 seropositive (G2) for EIA. Two graded exercise tests were carried out before (T1) and after (T2) 42 days of training. Heart rate, lactate concentration, distance covered, and hematocrit level were recorded. In both tests, G1 covered a greater distance. In T2, G2 had lower hematocrit levels and lower speeds reached at different lactate concentrations and heart rates. The athletic performance of the evaluated equines is affected by equine infectious anemia.

76 GRADED EXERCISE TESTS FOR SPACE FLIGHT

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S13
Author(s):  
S. L. Rodgers ◽  
C. L. Griffin ◽  
S. F. Siconolfi
Keyword(s):  
Space Flight ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Graded Exercise
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