Associations between diet quality and physical activity measures among a southern Ontario regional sample of grade 6 students

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Woodruff ◽  
Rhona M. Hanning
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis

The purpose of this study was to determine diet quality and physical activity behaviours of grade 6 students by sex and body weight status, and to determine the associations between diet quality and physical activity behaviours. The Web-based Food Behaviour Questionnaire, which included a 24-h diet recall and the modified Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), was administered to a cross-section of schools (n = 405 students from 15 schools). Measured height and weight were used to calculate body mass index and weight status (Cole et al. 2000). A Canadian version of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-C) was used to describe overall diet quality. The mean HEI-C was 69.6 (13.2) with the majority (72%) falling into the needs improvement category. The overall mean physical activity score was 3.7 out of a maximum of 5, with obese subjects being less active compared with normal weight and overweight (p < 0.001). Ordinal logistic regression analysis (of HEI-C vs. all measures of the PAQ-C, sex, and weight status) revealed that HEI-C ratings were likely to be higher in students that walked to and from school 5 days per week (vs. 0 days per week; odds ratio 3.18, p = 0.010); and were active 1 evening per week (vs. none; odds ratio 3.48, p = 0.039). The positive association between diet quality and some aspects of physical activity suggests possible clustering of health behaviours. Future research should test the potential benefits of promoting 1 health behaviour (e.g., healthy eating) with another (e.g., physical activity).

scholarly journals Depression and Physical Activity Affect Diet Quality of Foreign-born Latina Women Living on the U.S.-Mexico Border

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1254
Author(s):  
Vanessa L. Errisuriz ◽  
Laura Delfausse ◽  
Alice P. Villatoro ◽  
Marisol D. McDaniel ◽  
Laura Esparza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Latina Women

There is increasing evidence that depression may affect diet. However, little is known about the association between depression and diet quality among foreign-born Latinas. We hypothesized that depressive symptoms would be associated with poorer diet quality in foreign-born Latinas. Furthermore, we believed that physical activity (PA) would have a protective effect on diet quality for individuals experiencing depressive symptoms. Our study evaluated the diet (Healthy Eating Index) and PA (Actigraph GT3X activity monitors) of 534 foreign-born Latinas with and without depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale). A series of logistic regression models were estimated to examine our hypotheses. As predicted, Latinas who were depressed had significantly lower odds of having a high-quality diet than non-depressed Latinas. Unexpectedly, among Latinas who met PA guidelines, depressed Latinas had a significantly lower probability of having higher-quality diets than their non-depressed counterparts. Our findings support current research stating that depressive symptoms are associated with lower Healthy Eating Index scores. More research is necessary to elucidate the relationship between PA and dietary quality of depressed Latinas. Innovative approaches to address mental health and the stressors that can compound its severity are needed to improve diet quality among foreign-born Latina women.

Dietary inflammatory index and healthy eating index-2015 are associated with rheumatoid arthritis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Sajedeh Jandari ◽  
Negin Mosalmanzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shadmand Foumani Moghadam ◽  
Davood Soleimani ◽  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Inflammatory Index

ABSTRACT Objective: Many arthritic patients have the belief that dietary habits can worsen or ameliorate their symptoms. Whether diet quality can modify the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an issue of continued scientific debate and interest. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between both overall diet quality and the overall diet inflammatory potential on the risk of RA. Design: Overall diet quality and the overall inflammatory potential of the diet were evaluated with the use of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, respectively. Both DII and HEI-2015 scores were calculated based on a validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariable-adjusted odds of RA were calculated across tertiles of HEI, and Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores using binary logistic regression. Setting: Mashhad, Iran Participants: 50 newly diagnosed RA cases and 100 well-matched healthy people controls. Results: Individuals in the highest tertile of DII scores, indicating the most pro-inflammatory diet, were about three times more likely to have RA than those in the lowest tertile (Odds Ratio: 2.99; 95%CI: 1.08 to 8.24; P-trend:0.037), whereas individuals in the highest tertile of HEI scores, indicating more top dietary quality, had a significantly lower odds of RA than those in the lowest tertile (Odds Ratio: 0.33; 95%CI: 0.12 to 0.87; P-trend:0.024). Conclusion: Our findings show that E-DII and HEI-2015 are positively and negatively associated, respectively, with the odds of RA in a convenience sample of Iranians. These results highlight the importance of overall diet quality in modulating the risk of RA.

scholarly journals Greater Exposure to a Multilevel Multicomponent Obesity Prevention Intervention in Rural Native American Communities Is Associated With Improved Diet Quality Among Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
Michelle Estrade ◽  
Ellen J.I. van Dongen ◽  
Angela Trude ◽  
Leslie Redmond ◽  
Lisa Poirier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Native American ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Total Exposure

Abstract Objectives Multilevel multicomponent (MLMC) intervention trials attempt to reach participants in many different settings in their lives to promote environmental and behavioral change; however, individual-level exposure to these complex interventions has rarely been evaluated. We examined the association between exposure to an MLMC intervention and changes in diet quality among Native American adults in rural communities in the Midwest and Southwest U.S. Methods The OPREVENT2 intervention was implemented over 18 months in three reservation-based communities, in the first round of the study. Nutrition and physical activity messages were delivered in local food stores, worksites, schools, and by social and community media, along with changes to food store and workplace environments to support increased physical activity and healthier food choices. A Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to calculate a Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) score at baseline and follow-up. At follow-up, 234 adults self-reported their exposure to intervention materials and activities via an 81-item questionnaire with illustrations. Exposure scores for each intervention component were calculated and weighted by level of interactiveness (e.g., taste tests were most interactive; posters least interactive), then summed yielding a total exposure score. Linear regression models assessed change in HEI score by participant exposure (component and total), controlling for baseline sociodemographic variables. Results The participants were majority female (73%) with a mean age of 44 (±14) years and mean total exposure score of 11.66 ± 6.71 on a scale of 0–28. Participants with higher total exposure scores had a greater increase in HEI scores compared to those who were least exposed to the intervention (b = 3.61 ± 1.90, P = 0.049). Improved diet quality was also positively associated with exposure to specific intervention components, including educational displays, posters, and radio announcements (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions We found a dose-response relationship between level of exposure to the intervention and diet quality among participants in the OPREVENT2 intervention. Future MLMC interventions in NA rural communities should consider using radio announcements, posters, educational displays to engage with adults and promote healthy eating. Funding Sources NHLBI.

scholarly journals Diet Quality Assessment in Wheelchair Users with Multiple Sclerosis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4352
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Silveira ◽  
Brenda Jeng ◽  
Gary Cutter ◽  
Robert W. Motl
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wheelchair Users

Background: Diet quality has not been distinctively examined in wheelchair users with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: This cross-sectional study examined the Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) III and the Automated Self-Administered 24-h (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool in 128 wheelchair users with MS. Participants were prompted to complete the DHQ-III and 3 ASA24 recalls during a seven-day data collection period. Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores were calculated for DHQ-III and ASA24, and scores were compared with normative values. Spearman’s correlation analyses (rs) estimated the associations between DHQ-III and ASA24 HEI-2015 total and component scores with supportive paired sample t-tests. Results: HEI-2015 scores for DHQ-III and ASA24 were significantly higher than normative values for total score, total protein foods, and added sugar. Correlations between HEI-2015 scores generated using ASA24 and DHQ-III were all statistically significant (range rs = 0.23–0.69); however, significant differences between ASA24 and DHQ-III values were noted for HEI-2015 total score, total fruits, whole fruit, total vegetable, greens and beans, whole grains, seafood and plant protein, refined grains, and saturated fats. Conclusion: This study provided a novel description of diet quality in wheelchair users with MS for guiding future research promoting healthy eating in this population.

Abstract P210: Associations Of Early Parental Feeding Concerns And Behaviors With Child’s Dietary Intakes Throughout Childhood

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Gingras ◽  
Karen M Switkowski ◽  
Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman ◽  
Sabrina Faleschini ◽  
Emily Oken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Parental Feeding

Introduction: Parental feeding behaviors have been found to be associated with dietary intakes and weight status in children, although the longitudinal associations of parental feeding behaviors in early life with diet later in childhood have been scarcely studied. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that parental feeding restriction, pressure to eat, and concerns about child’s weight would be associated with poorer diet quality throughout childhood. Methods: Among 1172 mother-child pairs from Project Viva, we examined associations of parental feeding behaviors at 2 years assessed via questions from the Child Feeding Questionnaire (behaviors dichotomized as yes vs. no) with diet quality in early (mean: 3.2, SD 0.2 years; n=1076) and mid-childhood (mean: 7.8, SD 0.7 years; n=993) assessed via food frequency questionnaires. We used linear regression models adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, maternal and paternal body mass index, and maternal diet quality in pregnancy. Results: At 2 years postpartum, 47% of parents pressured/encouraged their child to eat more, 8% restricted their intakes, 15% were concerned about their child being overweight and 7% about their child being underweight. Parental pressure to eat at 2 years was associated with higher child intake of fruit juice (β 0.17 serving/day; 95% CI 0.01, 0.34) and snack foods (0.12 serving/day; 0.01, 0.22) in early childhood and with lower youth healthy eating index score (-1.32 points; -2.54, -0.10; score from 0 to 85 points) in mid-childhood. Parental feeding restriction at 2 years was associated with lower intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (-0.17 serving/day; -0.27, -0.06) in early childhood and with lower intake of dairy (-0.29 serving/day; -0.56, -0.02) in mid-childhood. Parental concerns about their child being underweight was associated with lower youth healthy eating index score (-2.18 points; -4.30, -0.05; score from 0 to 95 points) in early childhood while concerns about their child being overweight was associated with higher intakes of red and processed meat (0.14 serving/day; 0.04, 0.23) in early childhood and higher intake of baked products in mid-childhood (0.07 serving/day; 0.01, 0.13). Conclusions: We found that early parental feeding behaviors may have a modest contribution to dietary intakes throughout childhood. However, only a few associations persisted after adjusting for socio-economic and parental characteristics and effect sizes were modest. Strategies to improve diet quality in children might need to focus on the broader family and socio-economic context.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Associations Among Diet Quality, Physical Activity and Sleep Onset Consistency With Body Mass Index z-Score Among Toddlers in Low-income Families

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Covington ◽  
Bridget Armstrong ◽  
Angela C B Trude ◽  
Maureen M Black
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Low Income Families

Abstract Background Habits surrounding health behaviors (i.e., sleep, physical activity, diet) are developed in toddlerhood. Lack of consistent health habits may increase obesity risk among toddlers in low-income families. Purpose To compare the role of sleep onset consistency, physical activity and diet quality as mediators between household poverty and toddler weight. Methods Two hundred and seven toddlers (mean age = 20.2 months, 46% female, 68.1% Black) participating in an obesity prevention trial were assessed at three time points over 12 months. Using Actical accelerometers, we assessed sleep and physical activity at each time point for up to 1 week. We defined sleep onset consistency as the standard deviation of sleep onset across all days. We calculated the Healthy Eating Index-2015 from a 24-hr dietary recall. We used WHO standards to calculate BMI-for-age z-scores from toddlers’ weight/length, and calculated poverty ratio from parent-reported income and family size. Multilevel mediation models tested toddler sleep onset consistency, physical activity, and diet quality as mediators between household poverty and toddler BMI z-score. Results Toddlers from households with higher poverty ratios had more inconsistent sleep onset times. Toddlers with more inconsistent sleep onset times had higher BMI z-scores across all timepoints, even when accounting for physical activity and diet quality. Sleep onset consistency indirectly explained the association between household poverty and BMI z-score. Conclusions Inconsistent sleep schedules could help explain the association between poverty and BMI. Future research should examine strategies to support low-income families to develop and maintain routines as a mechanism to prevent obesity and reduce disparities. Trial registration number NCT02615158.

scholarly journals Diet quality, overweight and daily monetary allowance of Greek adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Poulimeneas ◽  
Dimitrios Vlachos ◽  
Maria I. Maraki ◽  
Efstratia Daskalou ◽  
Melpomene Grammatikopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pocket Money

Abstract Objective To investigate cross-correlates of pocket-money on diet quality and weight status of Greek adolescents. Methods A total of 172 adolescents (55.2% boys), aged between 10 and 15 years old were recruited. Body weight and height were measured, body mass index (BMI) was computed. Weight status was assessed according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria and diet quality was evaluated via the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) – 2010. Results Adolescents were allowed a mean allowance of €4.63 ± 3.66 daily. Among boys participants, BMI correlated with pocket money (r = 0.311, p ≤ 0.002) and normoweight boys received statistically less money than their overweight peers (p ≤ 0.019). In both sexes, normoweight was more prevalent in the lowest monetary quartiles. Pocket money was not associated with HEI. Among boys, moderate HEI was more prevalent in the third quartile of pocket money, significantly higher compared to all others (p ≤ 0.01 for all). For girls, the prevalence of moderate HEI declined by each ascending pocket money quartile (p ≤ 0.05 for all). Conclusion In our sample, adolescents exhibited high rates of pooled overweight including obesity. The majority of the participants followed a diet of moderate quality. Pocket money was associated with BMI only among boys. As pocket money was not associated with diet quality, it is highly possible that adolescents might choose to spend their money on items other than foods. Our study shows that pocket money should be controlled during adolescence and teenagers should be educated on spending their money on healthier food choices.

Abstract P246: Determinants of Remission of Overweight Status in Youth

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan McGavock ◽  
Andrea MacIntosh ◽  
Rashick Sadman ◽  
Brian Torrance ◽  
Geoff Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Spontaneous Remission ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Shuttle Run ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction and hypothesis: Spontaneous remission to normal weight status occurs in ~10-20% of overweight youth. The factors that predict remission, particularly modifiable factors such as diet and physical activity (PA) are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), high fitness and better diet quality would be associated with an increased likelihood of remission to normal weight status among overweight youth. Design and Methods: This was a three year prospective cohort study of 114 youth aged 9-15 years who were overweight or obese (International Obesity task Force (IOTF) cut-points) at baseline. We performed a series of regression analyses to test for predictors of remission to normal weight status at the 3-year follow up visit. The primary exposure variables were accelerometer (Actical) determined physical activity (PA) intensity, cardiorespiratory fitness assessed with a 20m shuttle run and diet quality determined from a web-based 24-hr recall tool that estimated diet quality based on meeting recommendations for daily intake of food groups. The primary outcome measure was remission to normal weight status defined as a BMI within the “healthy weight” range for age and sex in year 3 of the cohort study according to IOTF cut-points. We also tested for differences in BMI Z-score and systolic blood pressure (SBP) between youth that experienced remission and those that didn’t. We adjusted for the potential confounding effects of sedentary time, age and sex. Results: Among the 114 overweight youth studied (12 ± 2 years; BMI Z score = 1.55 ± 0.35), 18 (16%) returned to normal weight status at year 3. Remission did not occur in any youth considered obese (BMI [[Unable to Display Character: &#707;]] 95th percentile) at baseline. Neither MVPA nor dietary quality was associated remission. However, remission was associated with a lower BMI Z score at baseline (1.31 ± 0.15 vs. 1.60 ± 0.35, p < 0.05) and a higher cardiorespiratory fitness (shuttle run score = 6.4 ± 2.3 vs. 4.9 ± 1.9, p < 0.05). The odds of remission were 4-fold higher (OR: 4.2 95% CI=1.04-16.7) among youth in the two upper quintiles of cardiorespiratory fitness compared to those in the lowest quintile. Despite a significant decline in BMI Z score over 3 years (-0.67 ± 0.53 vs. -0.019 ± 0.23, p < 0.05) in youth that experienced remission, no differences in SBP were observed compared to youth that remained overweight. Conclusions: Remission to normal weight status was observed in 16% of youth who were overweight at their initial assessment. Obesity and low cardiorespiratory fitness reduced the likelihood of spontaneous remission to normal weight status in overweight youth. The identification of BMI and fitness thresholds at which spontaneous remission is unlikely to occur will tailor interventions to youth with the greatest need to improve lifestyle behaviours, weight status, and overall well-being.

Cross-sectional Relationships between Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) with General and Abdominal Obesity and Blood Pressure in Iranian Hospital Employees

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Mirashrafi ◽  
Marzieh Kafeshani ◽  
Akbar Hassanzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Entezari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Employees ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Aims: Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity and related disorders, there is an urgent need to examine the relationship between diet quality and public health. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) is one of the indices that is used to assess diet quality. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between AHEI and anthropometric measurements and blood pressure. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 127 male and female hospital employees were examined. The AHEI was calculated by a 168 items Food Frequency Questionnaire. Body weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) and blood pressure were measured by skilled nutritionists. Physical activity level was also obtained by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results : The mean total AHEI score in participants was reported as 47.1±6.9 (min=31.9, max=60.3). The mean differences of total AHEI score across the obese/non-obese employees were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between total AHEI score and BMI (r=0.019), WC (r=0.022), WHR (r=-0.102), systolic (r=-0.133) and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.040) (P>0.05). The score of nuts and soybeans was inversely related to the WHR (P=0.008) and systolic blood pressure (P=0.030). Cereal fiber score had a negative relationship with BMI (P=0.02), WC (P=0.03), WHR (P=0.004) and systolic (P<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.012). Conclusion: Consumption of nuts and soybeans -one serving per day- can be associated with WHR and systolic blood pressure reduction. More studies with a larger scale are needed to examine diet quality.

scholarly journals Diet Quality Index for older adults (DQI-65): development and use in predicting adherence to dietary recommendations and health markers in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Nicole Dorrington ◽  
Rosalind Fallaize ◽  
Ditte A. Hobbs ◽  
Michelle Weech ◽  
Julie A. Lovegrove
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Diet quality indexes (DQIs) are useful tools for assessing diet quality in relation to health and guiding delivery of personalised nutritional advice, however existing DQIs are limited in their applicability to older adults (aged ≥65 years). Therefore, this research aimed to develop a novel evidence-based DQI specific to older adults (DQI-65). Three DQI-65 variations were developed to assess the impacts of different component quantitation methods and inclusion of physical activity. The variations were: Nutrient and Food-based DQI-65 (NFDQI-65), NFDQI-65 with Physical Activity (NFDQI-65+PA) and Food-based DQI-65 with Physical Activity (FDQI-65+PA). To assess their individual efficacy, the NFDQI-65, NFDQI-65+PA and FDQI-65+PA were explored alongside the validated Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) using data from the cross-sectional UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) rolling programme. Scores for DQI-65 variations, the HEI-2015 and AHEI-2010 were calculated for adults ≥65 years from years 2-6 of the NDNS (n=871). Associations with nutrient intake, nutrient status and health markers were analysed using linear and logistic regression. Higher DQI-65s and HEI-2015 scores were associated with increased odds of meeting almost all of our previously proposed age-specific nutritional recommendations, and with health markers of importance for older adults, including lower body mass index, lower medication use and lower C-reactive protein (P<0.01). Few associations were observed for the AHEI-2010. This analysis suggests value of all three DQI-65s as measures of dietary quality in UK older adults. However, methodological limitations mean further investigations are required to assess validity and reliability of the DQI-65s.

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