Postprandial insulin sensitivity and thermogenesis in frail elderly women

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D.B. Goulet ◽  
Zareen Khursigara ◽  
Réjeanne Gougeon ◽  
José A. Morais
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Postprandial Insulin

The frailty syndrome is associated with inflammation, hypercortisolemia, and cardiovascular diseases, all of which are linked with insulin resistance. But whether frailty is characterized by insulin resistance is unclear, especially in the postprandial state. The prevalence of underweight with frailty is high. We wondered whether hypermetabolism associated with inflammation and hypercortisolemia could increase the thermic effect of food (TEF) and contribute to the frailty-associated body weight loss. In this study, we determined whether insulin sensitivity and TEF responses differ between frail and healthy elderly persons following a meal. Ten healthy and 13 frail elderly women were recruited and studied during the 5 h following the ingestion of a standardized liquid mixed-meal test. Areas under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin, and the product of AUC glucose × AUC insulin × 10−6 (PGI) were used as indices of insulin sensitivity. TEF was measured by indirect calorimetry. Following the meal, glucose and insulin AUCs and PGI were significantly higher in frail than in healthy elderly women and, except for the insulin AUC; these differences remained significant after adjustment for age, body weight, and physical activity. Physical activity, determined by questionnaire, was the single best predictor of PGI, explaining 27% of its variance. There was no difference in TEF between groups, and it did not correlate with any significant variable measured. Our results suggest that postprandial insulin resistance is higher in frail than in healthy elderly women, and TEF is similar, indicating that both processes do not contribute to the propensity for body weight loss.

scholarly journals Changes Induced by Physical Activity and Weight Loss in the Morphology of Intermyofibrillar Mitochondria in Obese Men and Women

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 3224-3227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico G. S. Toledo ◽  
Simon Watkins ◽  
David E. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Content ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Context: In obesity, skeletal muscle insulin resistance may be associated with smaller mitochondria. Objective: Our objective was to examine the effect of a lifestyle-modification intervention on the content and morphology of skeletal muscle mitochondria and its relationship to insulin sensitivity in obese, insulin-resistant subjects. Design: In this prospective interventional study, intermyofibrillar mitochondrial content and size were quantified by transmission electron microscopy with quantitative morphometric analysis of biopsy samples from vastus lateralis muscle. Systemic insulin sensitivity was measured with euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps. Setting: The study took place at a university-based clinical research center. Participants: Eleven sedentary, overweight/obese volunteers without diabetes participated in the study. Intervention: Intervention included 16 wk of aerobic training with dietary restriction of 500-1000 kcal/d. Main Outcome Measures: We assessed changes in mitochondrial content and size and changes in insulin sensitivity. Results: The percentage of myofiber volume occupied by mitochondria significantly increased from 3.70 ± 0.31 to 4.87 ± 0.33% after intervention (P = 0.01). The mean individual increase was 42.5 ± 18.1%. There was also a change in the mean cross-sectional mitochondrial area, increasing from a baseline of 0.078 ± 0.007 to 0.091 ± 0.007 μm2 (P < 0.01), a mean increase of 19.2 ± 6.1% per subject. These changes in mitochondrial size and content highly correlated with improvements in insulin resistance (r = 0.68 and 0.72, respectively; P = 0.01). Conclusions: A combined intervention of weight loss and physical activity in previously sedentary obese adults is associated with enlargement of mitochondria and an increase in the mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle. These findings indicate that in obesity with insulin resistance, ultrastructural mitochondrial plasticity is substantially retained and, importantly, that changes in the morphology of mitochondria are associated with improvements in insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Mediterranean Lifestyle and Desired Body Weight Loss in a Mediterranean Adult Population with Overweight: A PREDIMED-Plus Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Bouzas ◽  
Maria del Mar Bibiloni ◽  
Alicia Julibert ◽  
Miguel Ruiz-Canela ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
The Mediterranean

Background. Body weight dissatisfaction is a hindrance to following a healthy lifestyle and it has been associated with weight concerns. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle (diet and exercise) and the desired body weight loss in an adult Mediterranean population with overweight. Methods. Cross-sectional analysis in 6355 participants (3268 men; 3087 women) with metabolic syndrome and BMI (Body mass index) between 27.0 and 40.0 kg/m2 (55–75 years old) from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Desired weight loss was the percentage of weight that participants wished to lose. It was categorized into four cut-offs of this percentage (Q1: <10%, n = 1495; Q2: 10–15%, n = 1804; Q3: <15–20%, n = 1470; Q4: ≥20%, n = 1589). Diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and a 17-item Mediterranean diet questionnaire. Physical activity was assessed by the validated Minnesota-REGICOR and the validated Spanish version of the Nurses’ Health Study questionnaire. Results. Participants reporting higher percentages of desired weight loss (Q3 and Q4) were younger, had higher real and perceived BMI and were more likely to have abdominal obesity. Desired weight loss correlated inversely to physical activity (Q1: 2106 MET min/week; Q4: 1585 MET min/week. p < 0.001) and adherence to Mediterranean diet (Q1: 8.7; Q4: 8.3. p < 0.001). Conclusions. In older Mediterranean individuals with weight excess, desired weight loss was inversely associated with Mediterranean lifestyle adherence. Deeply rooted aspects of the MedDiet remained similar across groups. Longitudinal research is advised to be able to establish causality.

Insulin sensitivity improvement with exercise training is mediated by body weight loss in subjects with metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mora-Rodriguez ◽  
J.F. Ortega ◽  
M. Ramirez-Jimenez ◽  
A. Moreno-Cabañas ◽  
F. Morales-Palomo
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Sensitivity Improvement

scholarly journals DNA methylation signature in blood mirrors successful weight-loss during lifestyle interventions: the CENTRAL trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Keller ◽  
Anat Yaskolka Meir ◽  
Stephan H. Bernhart ◽  
Yftach Gepner ◽  
Ilan Shelef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Obesity Treatment ◽  
Successful Weight Loss

Abstract Background One of the major challenges in obesity treatment is to explain the high variability in the individual’s response to specific dietary and physical activity interventions. With this study, we tested the hypothesis that specific DNA methylation changes reflect individual responsiveness to lifestyle intervention and may serve as epigenetic predictors for a successful weight-loss. Methods We conducted an explorative genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in blood samples from 120 subjects (90% men, mean ± SD age = 49 ± 9 years, body mass-index (BMI) = 30.2 ± 3.3 kg/m2) from the 18-month CENTRAL randomized controlled trial who underwent either Mediterranean/low-carbohydrate or low-fat diet with or without physical activity. Results Analyses comparing male subjects with the most prominent body weight-loss (responders, mean weight change − 16%) vs. non-responders (+ 2.4%) (N = 10 each) revealed significant variation in DNA methylation of several genes including LRRC27, CRISP2, and SLFN12 (all adj. P < 1 × 10−5). Gene ontology analysis indicated that biological processes such as cell adhesion and molecular functions such as calcium ion binding could have an important role in determining the success of interventional therapies in obesity. Epigenome-wide association for relative weight-loss (%) identified 15 CpGs being negatively correlated with weight change after intervention (all combined P < 1 × 10− 4) including new and also known obesity candidates such as NUDT3 and NCOR2. A baseline DNA methylation score better predicted successful weight-loss [area under the curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) = 0.95–1.0] than predictors such as age and BMI (AUC ROC = 0.56). Conclusions Body weight-loss following 18-month lifestyle intervention is associated with specific methylation signatures. Moreover, methylation differences in the identified genes could serve as prognostic biomarkers to predict a successful weight-loss therapy and thus contribute to advances in patient-tailored obesity treatment.

scholarly journals Novel α-MSH analog causes weight loss in obese rats and minipigs and improves insulin sensitivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keld Fosgerau ◽  
Kirsten Raun ◽  
Cecilia Nilsson ◽  
Kirsten Dahl ◽  
Birgitte S Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp ◽  
Peptide Agonist

Obesity is a major burden to people and to health care systems around the world. The aim of the study was to characterize the effect of a novel selective α-MSH analog on obesity and insulin sensitivity. The subchronic effects of the selective MC4-R peptide agonist MC4-NN1-0182 were investigated in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats and DIO minipigs by assessing the effects on food intake, energy consumption, and body weight. The acute effect of MC4-NN1-0182 on insulin sensitivity was assessed by a euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp study in normal rats. Three weeks of treatment of DIO rats with MC4-NN1-0182 caused a decrease in food intake and a significant decrease in body weight 7±1%,P<0.05 compared with 3±1% increase with the vehicle control. In DIO minipigs, 8 weeks of treatment with MC4-NN1-0182 resulted in a body weight loss of 13.3±2.5 kg (13±3%), whereas the vehicle control group had gained 3.7±1.4 kg (4±1%). Finally, clamp studies in normal rats showed that acute treatment with MC4-NN1-0182 caused a significant increase in glucose disposal (Rd) compared with vehicle control (Rd, mg/kg per min, 17.0±0.7 vs 13.9±0.6,P<0.01). We demonstrate that treatment of DIO rats or minipigs with a selective MC4-R peptide agonist causes weight loss. Moreover, we have demonstrated weight-independent effects on insulin sensitivity. Our observations identify MC4 agonism as a viable target for the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance.

Sa598 THE GUT MICROBIOME MODULATES BODY WEIGHT LOSS IN RESPONSE TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. S-567-S-568
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Wenjie Ma ◽  
Long H. Nguyen ◽  
Raaj S. Mehta ◽  
Dong Hang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Body Weight Loss
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