The effect of training volume and intensity on competitive cyclists’ efficiency

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hopker ◽  
Damian Coleman ◽  
Louis Passfield ◽  
Jonathan Wiles
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Cycling Efficiency ◽  
Competitive Cyclists ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Intensive Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Delta Efficiency ◽  
Intensity Training

The impact of different intensity training on cycling efficiency in competitive cyclists is unknown. Twenty-nine endurance-trained competitive male cyclists completed 3 laboratory visits during a 12-week training period. At each visit, their cycling efficiency and maximal oxygen uptake were determined. After the first visit, cyclists were randomly split into 2 groups (A and B). Over the first 6 weeks, between tests 1 and 2, group A was prescribed specific high-intensity training sessions, whereas group B was restricted in the amount of intensive work undertaken. After test 2 and for the second 6-week period, group B was allowed to conduct high-intensity training. Gross efficiency (GE) increased in group A (+1.6 ± 1.4%; p < 0.05) following the high-intensity training, whereas no significant change was seen in group B (+0.1 ± 0.7%; p > 0.05). Group B cyclists increased their GE between tests 2 and 3 (+1.4 ± 0.8%; p < 0.05) but no changes in GE were observed in group A over this period (+0.4 ± 0.4%; p > 0.05). Delta efficiency (DE) did not change significantly in either group across the study period. This study demonstrates that GE is increased following high-intensity training in competitive male cyclists after 12 weeks.

scholarly journals Creatinine is a biochemical marker for assessing how untrained people adapt to fitness training loads

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9137
Author(s):  
Andrii Chernozub ◽  
Vladimir Potop ◽  
Georgiy Korobeynikov ◽  
Olivia Carmen Timnea ◽  
Oleg Dubachinskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Load Regime ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
Group B ◽  
Intensity Training

Background To study the peculiarities of changes in creatinine concentration in blood serum of untrained men during the prolonged usage of training loads different in volume and intensity, and to determine the value of this biochemical marker for the assessment of adaptive body changes during fitness training. Methods We examined 50 untrained men aged 18–20 years who had no contraindications for practicing fitness. Taking into account the aim of the research, we divided these people into two groups: group A and group B. The research participants used training load regimes different in volume and intensity: representatives of group Aused low intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.53) and representatives of group B used high intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.72). To assess the adaptive body changes in the examined contingent, we used the anthropometry method (circumference body size) and bioimpedansometry (body composition indicators). We also determined the features of adaptation-compensatory body reactions to different training loads by means of biochemical control of creatinine concentration in blood serum. Results The obtained results showed a significant increase in basal level of creatinine concentration in blood serum (by 17.6%) of group B representatives fixed after 3 months of practicing fitness in high intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.72). This group representative also revealed the most pronounced manifestation of adaptive body changes confirmed by the results of the maximal muscle strength growth (1RM) and circumference body size, which was almost 2.5 times higher than the results of group A representatives for the same period of time. The parameters indicating the load volume in a set (Wn) were almost 62.0 % higher in group A representatives in comparison with group B during all stages of control. Nonetheless, the highest creatinine concentration in blood serum (by 11.1 % (p < 0.05) was fixed in group A representatives in response to training load after 3 months of practicing. This fact testifies to the important role of the creatine phosphokinase mechanism of energy supply of muscular activity in the conditions of high volume and low intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.53). Conclusion The analysis of the results obtained during a series of experimental studies indicates the need and feasibility of using the indicator of basal level of creatinine concentration in blood during fitness training, especially in the conditions of high intensity and low volume training load regime (Ra = 0.72), as an informative marker for assessing the process of long-term adaptation.

scholarly journals Effects of a Seven Day Overload-Period of High-Intensity Training on Performance and Physiology of Competitive Cyclists

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e115308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Clark ◽  
Vitor P. Costa ◽  
Brendan J. O'Brien ◽  
Luiz G. Guglielmo ◽  
Carl D. Paton
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Competitive Cyclists ◽  
Intensity Training

scholarly journals Influence of Periodizing Dietary Carbohydrate on Iron Regulation and Immune Function in Elite Triathletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alannah K. A. McKay ◽  
Ida A. Heikura ◽  
Louise M. Burke ◽  
Peter Peeling ◽  
David B. Pyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Iron Regulation ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Intensity Training

Sleeping with low carbohydrate (CHO) availability is a dietary strategy that may enhance training adaptation. However, the impact on an athlete’s health is unclear. This study quantified the effect of a short-term “sleep-low” dietary intervention on markers of iron regulation and immune function in athletes. In a randomized, repeated-measures design, 11 elite triathletes completed two 4-day mixed cycle run training blocks. Key training sessions were structured such that a high-intensity training session was performed in the field on the afternoon of Days 1 and 3, and a low-intensity training (LIT) session was performed on the following morning in the laboratory (Days 2 and 4). The ingestion of CHO was either divided evenly across the day (HIGH) or restricted between the high-intensity training and LIT sessions, so that the LIT session was performed with low CHO availability (LOW). Venous blood and saliva samples were collected prior to and following each LIT session and analyzed for interleukin-6, hepcidin 25, and salivary immunoglobulin-A. Concentrations of interleukin-6 increased acutely after exercise (p < .001), but did not differ between dietary conditions or days. Hepcidin 25 increased 3-hr postexercise (p < .001), with the greatest increase evident after the LOW trial on Day 2 (2.5 ± 0.9 fold increase ±90% confidence limit). The salivary immunoglobulin-A secretion rate did not change in response to exercise; however, it was highest during the LOW condition on Day 4 (p = .046). There appears to be minimal impact to markers of immune function and iron regulation when acute exposure to low CHO availability is undertaken with expert nutrition and coaching input.

The Impact of Specific High-Intensity Training Sessions on Football Referees’ Fitness Levels

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Weston ◽  
Werner Helsen ◽  
Clare MacMahon ◽  
Don Kirkendall
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intensity Training ◽  
Fitness Levels
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