Improved endurance capacity following chocolate milk consumption compared with 2 commercially available sport drinks

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Thomas ◽  
Penelope Morris ◽  
Emma Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Experimental Trials

This study examined the effects of 3 recovery drinks on endurance performance following glycogen-depleting exercise. Nine trained male cyclists performed 3 experimental trials, in a randomized counter-balanced order, consisting of a glycogen-depleting trial, a 4-h recovery period, and a cycle to exhaustion at 70% power at maximal oxygen uptake. At 0 and 2 h into the recovery period, participants consumed chocolate milk (CM), a carbohydrate replacement drink (CR), or a fluid replacement drink (FR). Participants cycled 51% and 43% longer after ingesting CM (32 ± 11 min) than after ingesting CR (21 ± 8 min) or FR (23 ± 8 min). CM is an effective recovery aid after prolonged endurance exercise for subsequent exercise at low-moderate intensities.

Oxygen Uptake and Endurance Fitness in Children: A Developmental Perspective

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Exercise Economy ◽  
Qualitative Changes

In adults, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) serves as a useful indicator of cardiopulmonary reserve as well as performance in endurance exercise events. Whether VO2max can be interpreted in the same manner in children is less certain, since maximal oxygen uptake per kg body weight remains essentially stable during the growing years while endurance performance improves dramatically. Gains in ability in endurance events may be achieved through improved submaximal exercise economy, qualitative changes in oxygen delivery not indicated by VO2max, or the development of nonaerobic factors (speed, strength). Maximal oxygen uptake in children may therefore be a less valid indicator of cardiopulmonary function, endurance capacity, and response to training than in adult subjects.

A scientific nutrition strategy improves time trial performance by ≈6% when compared with a self-chosen nutrition strategy in trained cyclists: a randomized cross-over study

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuno Hottenrott ◽  
Erik Hass ◽  
Manon Kraus ◽  
Georg Neumann ◽  
Martin Steiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Trial Performance ◽  
Nutrition Strategy

We investigated whether an athlete’s self-chosen nutrition strategy (A), compared with a scientifically determined one (S), led to an improved endurance performance in a laboratory time trial after an endurance exercise. S consisted of about 1000 mL·h–1 fluid, in portions of 250 mL every 15 min, 0.5 g sodium·L–1, 60 g glucose·h–1, 30 g fructose·h–1, and 5 mg caffeine·kg body mass–1. Eighteen endurance-trained cyclists (16 male; 2 female) were tested using a randomized crossover-design at intervals of 2 weeks, following either A or S. After a warm-up, a maximal oxygen uptake test was performed. Following a 30-min break, a 2.5-h endurance exercise on a bicycle ergometer was carried out at 70% maximal oxygen uptake. After 5 min of rest, a time trial of 64.37 km (40 miles) was completed. The ingested nutrition was recorded every 15 min. In S, the athletes completed the time trial faster (128 vs. 136 min; p ≤ 0.001) and with a significantly higher power output (212 vs. 184 W; p ≤ 0.001). The intake of fluid, energy (carbohydrate-, mono-, and disaccharide), and sodium was significantly higher in S compared with A (p ≤ 0.001) during the endurance exercise. In the time trial, only sodium intake was significantly higher in S (p ≤ 0.001). We concluded that a time trial performance after a 2.5-h endurance exercise in a laboratory setting was significantly improved following a scientific nutrition strategy.

Exercise training enhances leg vasodilatory capacity of 65-yr-old men and women

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1804-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Martin ◽  
W. M. Kohrt ◽  
M. T. Malley ◽  
E. Korte ◽  
S. Stoltz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training

To determine whether extremity vasodilatory capacity may be augmented in older persons by endurance exercise training, lower leg blood flow and conductance were characterized plethysmographically at rest and during maximal hyperemia in 9 men and 10 women aged 64 +/- 3 (SD) yr before and after 31 +/- 6 wk of walking and jogging at 70-90% of maximal oxygen uptake for 45 min 3-5 days/wk. Maximal oxygen uptake expressed as milliliters per kilogram per minute improved 25% in men and 21% in women (P less than 0.01). Maximal leg blood flow and conductance increased in all nine men by an average of 39 +/- 33 (P less than 0.001) and 42 +/- 44% (P less than 0.004), respectively. Results were more variable in women and achieved unequivocal statistical significance only for maximal blood flow (+33 +/- 54% for blood flow and +29 +/- 55% for conductance; P less than 0.02 and P = 0.05, respectively). Body weight and skinfold adiposity declined in both sexes (P less than 0.05). Enhancement of vasodilatory capacity was related to weight loss in men and adipose tissue loss in women (r = 0.61 and 0.51, respectively; P less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in exercise capacity, body weight, or maximal blood flow in four male and three female controls aged 66 +/- 4 yr. Thus adaptability of the lower limb circulation to endurance exercise training is retained to at least age 65 yr.

Metabolic and performance responses during endurance exercise after high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena A. Whitley ◽  
S. M. Humphreys ◽  
I. T. Campbell ◽  
M. A. Keegan ◽  
T. D. Jayanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fat Meal

We studied the effects of preexercise meal composition on metabolic and performance-related variables during endurance exercise. Eight well-trained cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake 65.0 to 83.5 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) were studied on three occasions after an overnight fast. They were given isoenergetic meals containing carbohydrate (CHO), protein (P), and fat (F) in the following amounts (g/70 kg body wt): high-carbohydrate meal, 215 CHO, 26 P, 3 F; high-fat meal, 50 CHO, 14 P, 80 F. On the third occasion subjects were studied after an overnight fast. Four hours after consumption of the meal, subjects started exercise for 90 min at 70% of their maximal oxygen uptake, followed by a 10-km time trial. The high-carbohydrate meal compared with the high-fat meal resulted in significant decreases ( P < 0.05) in blood glucose, plasma nonesterified fatty acids, plasma glycerol, plasma chylomicron-triacylglycerol, and plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations during exercise. This was accompanied by an increase in plasma insulin ( P < 0.01 vs. no meal), plasma epinephrine, and plasma growth hormone concentrations (each P < 0.05 vs. either of the other conditions) during exercise. Despite these large differences in substrate and hormone concentrations in plasma, substrate oxidation during the 90-min exercise period was similar in the three trials, and there were no differences in performance on the time trial. These results suggest that, although the availability of fatty acids and other substrates in plasma can be markedly altered by dietary means, the pattern of substrate oxidation during endurance exercise is remarkably resistant to alteration.

scholarly journals Linear and Nonlinear Prediction Models Show Comparable Precision for Maximal Mean Speed in a 4x1000 m Field Test

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
J. M. Jäger ◽  
J. Kurz ◽  
H. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Nonlinear Prediction ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Mlr Model

AbstractMaximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is one of the most distinguished parameters in endurance sports and plays an important role, for instance, in predicting endurance performance. Different models have been used to estimate VO2max or performance based on VO2max. These models can use linear or nonlinear approaches for modeling endurance performance. The aim of this study was to estimate VO2max in healthy adults based on the Queens College Step Test (QCST) as well as the Shuttle Run Test (SRT) and to use these values for linear and nonlinear models in order to predict the performance in a maximal 1000 m run (i.e. the speed in an incremental 4×1000 m Field Test (FT)). 53 female subjects participated in these three tests (QCST, SRT, FT). Maximal oxygen uptake values from QCST and SRT were used as (a) predictor variables in a multiple linear regression (MLR) model and as (b) input variables in a multilayer perceptron (MLP) after scaling in preprocessing. Model output was speed [km·h−1] in a maximal 1000 m run. Maximal oxygen uptake values estimated from QCST (40.8 ± 3.5 ml·kg−1·min−1) and SRT (46.7 ± 4.5 ml·kg−1·min−1) were significantly correlated (r = 0.38, p < 0.01) and maximal mean speed in the FT was 12.8 ± 1.6 km·h−1. Root mean squared error (RMSE) of the cross validated MLR model was 0.89 km·h−1while it was 0.95 km·h−1for MLP. Results showed that the accuracy of the applied MLP was comparable to the MLR, but did not outperform the linear approach.

Acute effects of chocolate milk and a commercial recovery beverage on postexercise recovery indices and endurance cycling performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Pritchett ◽  
Philip Bishop ◽  
Robert Pritchett ◽  
Matt Green ◽  
Charlie Katica
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Significant Difference

To maximize training quality, athletes have sought nutritional supplements that optimize recovery. This study compared chocolate milk (CHOC) with a carbohydrate replacement beverage (CRB) as a recovery aid after intense exercise, regarding performance and muscle damage markers in trained cyclists. Ten regional-level cyclists and triathletes (maximal oxygen uptake 55.2 ± 7.2 mL·kg–1·min–1) completed a high-intensity intermittent exercise protocol, then 15–18 h later performed a performance trial at 85% of maximal oxygen uptake to exhaustion. Participants consumed 1.0 g carbohydrate·kg–1·h–1 of a randomly assigned isocaloric beverage (CHOC or CRB) after the first high-intensity intermittent exercise session. The same protocol was repeated 1 week later with the other beverage. A 1-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant difference (p = 0.91) between trials for time to exhaustion at 85% of maximal oxygen uptake (CHOC 13 ± 10.2 min, CRB 13.5 ± 8.9 min). The change in creatine kinase (CK) was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in the CRB trial than in the CHOC trial (increase CHOC 27.9 ± 134.8 U·L–1, CRB 211.9 ± 192.5 U·L–1), with differences not significant for CK levels before the second exercise session (CHOC 394.8 ± 166.1 U·L–1, CRB 489.1 ± 264.4 U·L–1) between the 2 trials. These findings indicate no difference between CHOC and this commercial beverage as potential recovery aids for cyclists between intense workouts.

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