Responses to Intermittent Swimming Sets at Velocity Associated With max

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Libicz ◽  
Belle Roels ◽  
Gregoire P. Millet
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Equal Time ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
The Times

While the physiological adaptations following endurance training are relatively well understood, in swimming there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the metabolic responses to interval training (IT). The hypothesis tested predicted that two different endurance swimming IT sets would induce differences in the total time the subjects swam at a high percentage of maximal oxygen consumption [Formula: see text]. Ten trained triathletes underwent an incremental test to exhaustion in swimming so that the swimming velocity associated with [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] could be determined. This was followed by a maximal 400-m test and two intermittent sets at [Formula: see text] (a) 16 × 50 m with 15-s rest (IT50); (b) 8 × 100 m with 30-s rest (IT100). The times sustained above 95% [Formula: see text] (68.50 ± 62.69 vs. 145.01 ± 165.91 sec) and 95% HRmax (146.67 ± 131.99 vs. 169.78 ± 203.45 sec, p = 0.54) did not differ between IT50 and IT100 (values are mean ± SD). In conclusion, swimming IT sets of equal time duration at [Formula: see text] but of differing work-interval durations led to slightly different [Formula: see text] and HR responses. The time spent above 95% of [Formula: see text]max was twice as long in IT100 as in IT50, and a large variability between mean [Formula: see text] and HR values was also observed. Key words: interval training, maximal oxygen consumption, triathletes

Responses to Different Intermittent Runs at Velocity Associated With

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregoire P. Millet ◽  
Robin Candau ◽  
Philippe Fattori ◽  
Frank Bignet ◽  
Alain Varray
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
The Difference

The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the time sustained above 90% of [Formula: see text] in different intermittent running sessions having the same overall time run at the velocity ([Formula: see text]) associated with [Formula: see text] and (2) to test whether the use of a fixed-fraction (50%) of the time to exhaustion at [Formula: see text] (Tlim) leads to longer time spent at a high percentage of [Formula: see text]. Subjects were 8 triathletes who, after determination of their track [Formula: see text] and Tlim, performed three intermittent running sessions alternating the velocity between 100% and 50% of [Formula: see text], termed 30s ∼ 30s, 60s ∼ 30s, and 1/2Tlim ∼ 1/2Tlim, where the overall time at [Formula: see text] was similar (= 3 × Tlim). [Formula: see text] achieved in the incremental test was 71.1 ± 3.9 mlùmin−1•kg−1 and Tlim was 236 ± 49 s. [Formula: see text] and peak heart rate were lower in 30s ∼ 30s than in the other intermittent runs. The time spent above 90% of [Formula: see text] was significantly (p < 0.001) longer either in 60s ∼ 30s (531 ± 187 s) or in 1/2Tlim ∼ 1/2Tlim (487 ± 176 s) than in 30s ∼ 30s (149 ± 33 s). Tlim was negatively correlated with the time (in % of Tlim) spent above 90% of [Formula: see text] in 30s ∼ 30s (r = -0.75, p < 0.05). Tlim was also correlated with the difference of time spent over 90% of [Formula: see text] between 60s ∼ 30s and 30s ∼ 30s (r = 0.77, p < 0.05), or between 1/2Tlim ∼ 1/2Tlim and 30s ∼ 30s (r = 0.97, p < 0.001). The results confirm that [Formula: see text] and Tlim are useful for setting interval-training sessions. However, the use of an individualized fixed-fraction of Tlim did not lead to longer time spent at a high percentage of [Formula: see text] compared to when using a fixed work-interval duration. Key words: interval-training, maximal oxygen consumption, performance, time to exhaustion

Temporal Location of High-Intensity Interval Training in Cycling Does Not Impact the Time Spent Near Maximal Oxygen Consumption

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
James R. Mckee ◽  
Bradley A. Wall ◽  
Jeremiah J. Peiffer
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Temporal Location ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Purpose: To examine the influence of temporal location of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) within a cycling session on the time spent ≥90% of maximal oxygen consumption and physiological and perceptual responses. Methods: In a randomized, crossover design, 16 trained cyclists (male, n = 13 and female, n = 3) completed three 90-minute cycling sessions with HIIT placed at the beginning, middle, or end of the session (13, 36, and 69 min, respectively). Intervals consisted of three 3-minute efforts at 90% of the power output associated with maximal oxygen consumption interspersed with 3 minutes of recovery. Oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, respiratory rate, and heart rate were recorded continuously during work intervals. Rate of perceived exertion was recorded at the end of work intervals, and sessional rate of perceived exertion was collected 20 minutes after session completion. Results: No differences were observed for mean oxygen consumption (P = .479) or time spent ≥90% maximal oxygen consumption (P = .753) between condition. The mean rate of perceived exertion of all intervals were greater in the Middle (P < .01, effect size = 0.83) and End (P < .05, effect size = 0.75) compared with Beginning conditions. Mean minute ventilation was greater in the End compared with Beginning condition (P = .015, effect size = 0.63). However, no differences in mean respiratory rate were observed between conditions (P = .297). Conclusions: Temporal location of HIIT has no impact on oxygen consumption or cardiovascular stress within a cycling session. However, HIIT performed later in the session resulted in higher ventilation, which may indicate the need for greater anaerobic contribution to these intervals.

scholarly journals Modified sprint interval training protocols. Part II. Psychological responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan K. Townsend ◽  
Hashim Islam ◽  
Emily Dunn ◽  
Mark Eys ◽  
Jennifer Robertson-Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Viable Method ◽  
Improve Health

Sprint-interval training (SIT) is a viable method to improve health and fitness. However, researchers have questioned the utility of SIT because of its strenuous nature. The current study aimed to determine if manipulating the sprint and recovery duration, while maintaining the 1:8 work to rest ratio, could uncover a more favourable SIT protocol. Nine healthy active males (age, 23.3 ± 3.0 years; body mass index, 22.4 ± 2.2 kg·m−2; maximal oxygen consumption, 48.9 ± 5.3 mL·kg−1·min−1) participated in 3 experimental running SIT sessions: (i) 30:240 (4 × 30-s efforts, 240-s recovery), (ii) 15:120 (8 × 15-s efforts, 120-s recovery), (iii) 5:40 (24 × 5-s efforts, 40-s recovery), and (iv) a final behavioural choice follow-up session. Affect, intentions, task self-efficacy, enjoyment, and preference were evaluated. Midway through exercise, affect became more positive for 5:40 compared with 30:240 (p < 0.05) and postexercise affect was greater for both 5:40 (p = 0.014) and 15:120 (p = 0.015) compared with 30:240. Participants expressed greater intentions to perform 5:40 3 and 5 times/week compared with 15:120 and 30:240 (p < 0.05). Participants felt more confident in their ability to perform 5:40 (p = 0.001) and 15:120 (p = 0.008) compared with 30:240. The 5:40 session was also rated as more enjoyable than 15:120 (p = 0.025) and 30:240 (p = 0.026). All participants preferred the 5:40 protocol. These data suggest that shorter sprints with more repetitions are perceived as more enjoyable and lead to greater intentions to engage in SIT.

Continuous measurement of breathlessness during exercise: validity, reliability, and responsiveness

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 2188-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Mahler ◽  
Roberto Mejia-Alfaro ◽  
Joseph Ward ◽  
John C. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Continuous Method ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Discrete Method ◽  
Physiological Variables

A continuous method for recording changes in breathlessness (dyspnea) during exercise is introduced and compared with the traditional discrete method. In study 1, a category-rating scale was presented on a computer screen, and 14 healthy, young female subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer until exhaustion. Two approaches were used to obtain ratings of breathlessness: a discrete method, in which subjects gave single judgments every minute, and a continuous method, in which subjects throughout exercise moved the mouse so that a bar on the screen extended to the desired location along the scale. Psychophysical results relating measures of breathlessness and the variables of work, oxygen consumption, and minute ventilation were statistically indistinguishable with the two methods, and both methods were highly reliable across test sessions. In study 2, both measurement methods were employed, and the subjects were 14 healthy, young males. In each of two sessions (discrete or continuous method), subjects first rated their breathlessness during an incremental test in which the workload was increased over time and levels of work, and minute ventilation were recorded. Subjects then exercised for 10 min at 60% of the maximal oxygen consumption achieved during the incremental test. At two points during steady-state exercise, a respiratory load was introduced that lasted for 1 min. It was possible to determine the responsiveness of subjects to onset and offset of the respiratory load for the continuous method but not for the discrete method. In study 3, patients with chronic obstuctive pulmonary disease employed both methods, and it was found that the continuous method was better at determining whether subjects showed a significant positive slope of the regression line between breathlessness ratings and physiological variables.

Modified sprint interval training protocols: physiological and psychological responses to 4 weeks of training

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg L. McKie ◽  
Hashim Islam ◽  
Logan K. Townsend ◽  
Jennifer Robertson-Wilson ◽  
Mark Eys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Peak Speed ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Sprint interval training (SIT) protocols involving brief (≤15 s) work bouts improve aerobic and anaerobic performance, highlighting peak speed generation as a potentially important adaptive stimulus. To determine the physiological and psychological effects of reducing the SIT work bout duration, while maintaining total exercise and recovery time, 43 healthy males (n = 27) and females (n = 16) trained for 4 weeks (3 times/week) using one of the following running SIT protocols: (i) 30:240 (n = 11; 4–6 × 30-s bouts, 4 min rest); (ii) 15:120 (n = 11; 8–12 × 15-s bouts, 2 min rest); (iii) 5:40 (n = 12; 24–36 × 5-s bouts, 40 s rest); or (iv) served as a nonexercising control (n = 9). Protocols were matched for total work (2–3 min) and rest (16–24 min) durations, as well as the work-to-rest ratio (1:8 s). Pre- and post-training measures included a graded maximal oxygen consumption test, a 5-km time trial, and a 30-s maximal sprint test. Self-efficacy, enjoyment, and intentions were assessed following the last training session. Training improved maximal oxygen consumption (5.5%; P = 0.006) and time-trial performance (5.2%; P = 0.039), with a main effect of time for peak speed (1.7%; P = 0.042), time to peak speed (25%; P < 0.001), and body fat percentage (1.4%; P < 0.001) that appeared to be driven by the training. There were no group effects for self-efficacy (P = 0.926), enjoyment (P = 0.249), or intentions to perform SIT 3 (P = 0.533) or 5 (P = 0.951) times/week. This study effectively demonstrated that the repeated generation of peak speed during brief SIT work bouts sufficiently stimulates adaptive mechanisms promoting increases in aerobic and anaerobic capacity.

scholarly journals Do moderate- to vigorous-intensity accelerometer count thresholds correspond to relative moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity?

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Raiber ◽  
Rebecca A.G. Christensen ◽  
Arshdeep K. Randhawa ◽  
Veronica K. Jamnik ◽  
Jennifer L. Kuk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

We aimed to predict % maximal oxygen consumption at absolute accelerometer thresholds and to estimate and compare durations of objective physical activity (PA) among body mass index (BMI) categories using thresholds that account for cardiorespiratory fitness. Eight hundred twenty-eight adults (53.5% male; age, 33.9 ± 0.3 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004 were analyzed. Metabolic equivalent values at absolute thresholds were converted to percentage of maximal oxygen consumption, and accelerometer counts corresponding to 40% or 60% maximal oxygen consumption were determined using 4 energy expenditure prediction equations. Absolute thresholds underestimated PA intensity for all adults; however, because of lower fitness, individuals with overweight and obesity work at significantly higher percentage of maximal oxygen consumption at the absolute thresholds and require significantly lower accelerometer counts to reach relative moderate and vigorous PA intensities compared with those with normal weight (P < 0.05). However, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) durations were shorter when using relative thresholds compared with absolute thresholds (in all BMI groups, P < 0.05), and they were shorter among individuals with obesity compared with those with normal weight when using relative thresholds (P < 0.05). Regardless of the thresholds used, a greater proportion of individuals with normal weight met the PA guideline of 150 min·week–1 of MVPA compared with individuals with obesity (absolute: 21.3% vs 6.7%; Yngve: 4.0% vs 0.2%; Swartz: 10.7% vs 3.9%; Hendelman: 4.7% vs 0.2%; Freedson: 6.4% vs 0.5%; P < 0.05). Current absolute thresholds of accelerometry-derived PA may overestimate MVPA for all BMI categories when compared with relative thresholds that account for cardiorespiratory fitness. Given the large variability in our results, more work is needed to better understand how to use accelerometers for evaluating PA at the population level.

Running sprint interval training induces fat loss in women

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 944-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom J. Hazell ◽  
Craig D. Hamilton ◽  
T. Dylan Olver ◽  
Peter W.R. Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile

Data on whether sprint interval training (SIT) (repeated supermaximal intensity, short-duration exercise) affects body composition are limited, and the data that are available suggest that men respond more favourably than do women. Moreover, most SIT data involve cycling exercise, and running may differ because of the larger muscle mass involved. Further, running is a more universal exercise type. This study assessed whether running SIT can alter body composition (air displacement plethysmography), waist circumference, maximal oxygen consumption, peak running speed, and (or) the blood lipid profile. Fifteen recreationally active women (age, 22.9 ± 3.6 years; height, 163.9 ± 5.1 cm; mass, 60.8 ± 5.2 kg) completed 6 weeks of running SIT (4 to 6, 30-s “all-out” sprints on a self-propelled treadmill separated by 4 min of rest performed 3 times per week). Training decreased body fat mass by 8.0% (15.1 ± 3.6 to 13.9 ± 3.4 kg, P = 0.002) and waist circumference by 3.5% (80.1 ± 4.2 to 77.3 ± 4.4 cm, P = 0.048), whereas it increased fat-free mass by 1.3% (45.7 ± 3.5 to 46.3 ± 2.9 kg, P = 0.05), maximal oxygen consumption by 8.7% (46 ± 5 to 50 ± 6 mL/(kg·min), P = 0.004), and peak running speed by 4.8% (16.6 ± 1.7 to 17.4 ± 1.4 km/h, P = 0.026). There were no differences in food intake assessed by 3-day food records (P > 0.329) or in blood lipids (P > 0.595), except for a slight decrease in high-density lipoprotein concentration (1.34 ± 0.28 to 1.24 ± 0.24 mmol/L, P = 0.034). Running SIT is a time-efficient strategy for decreasing body fat while increasing aerobic capacity, peak running speed, and fat-free mass in healthy young women.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anaerobic threshold values and maximal oxygen consumption of elite Turkish football teams

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2229-2233
Author(s):  
Mehmet Beyaz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Super League

In this study, it was aimed to determine, compare and evaluate the anaerobic threshold values and maximal oxygen consumption of the football players in the teams competing in the Turkcell Super league. The causal screening model was used in the study, and a total of 67 athletes from 3 teams in the Turkcell Super League participated. The names of the teams are coded as Team A, Team B and Team C. Data collection was performed using SensorMedics 29 c ergospirometry with the breath by breath method of maximal oxygen consumption. Heart rate values were recorded instantly using Polar watch. The V-Slope method was used for the anaerobic threshold value. While SPSS 25.0 package program was used for statistical evaluation, One Way ANOVA analysis was applied to compare 3 teams. As a result of the statistical evaluation, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the teams in endurance training (heart rate), anaerobic threshold (heart rate), recovery (heart rate), and interval training (heart rate) parameters, however there was no statistically significant difference between the teams in VO2max values. As a result, although there is no statistically significant difference between the VO2max values between the teams, it is concluded that the athletes with higher values are more advantageous in other parameters. Keywords: Football, anaerobic threshold, maximal oxygen

The Decremental Protocol as an Alternative Protocol to Measure Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1094-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Taylor ◽  
Jeffrey Seegmiller ◽  
Chantal A. Vella
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Alpha Level ◽  
Incremental Protocol ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Over Time

Purpose:To determine whether a decremental protocol could elicit a higher maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) than an incremental protocol in trained participants. A secondary aim was to examine whether cardiac-output (Q) and stroke-volume (SV) responses differed between decremental and incremental protocols in this sample. Methods:Nineteen runners/triathletes were randomized to either the decremental or incremental group. All participants completed an initial incremental VO2max test on a treadmill, followed by a verification phase. The incremental group completed 2 further incremental tests. The decremental group completed a second VO2max test using the decremental protocol, based on their verification phase. The decremental group then completed a final incremental test. During each test, VO2, ventilation, and heart rate were measured, and cardiac variables were estimated with thoracic bioimpedance. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted with an alpha level set at .05. Results:There were no significant main effects for group (P = .37) or interaction (P = .10) over time (P = .45). VO2max was similar between the incremental (57.29 ± 8.94 mL · kg–1 · min–1) and decremental (60.82 ± 8.49 mL · kg–1 · min–1) groups over time. Furthermore, Q and SV were similar between the incremental (Q 22.72 ± 5.85 L/min, SV 119.64 ± 33.02 mL/beat) and decremental groups (Q 20.36 ± 4.59 L/min, SV 109.03 ± 24.27 mL/beat) across all 3 trials. Conclusions:The findings suggest that the decremental protocol does not elicit higher VO2max than an incremental protocol but may be used as an alternative protocol to measure VO2max in runners and triathletes.

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