Training Profile Counts for Time-to-Exhaustion Performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien A. Basset ◽  
Richard Chouinard ◽  
Marcel R. Boulay
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Track Test

The objective of this study was to compare the time to exhaustion (Tlim) at maximal aerobic speed ([Formula: see text]) in middle- and long-distance runners. Five middle-distance (MDR) and 5 long-distance (LDR) male runners, ages 28 ± 7 years, were tested running on a treadmill, with the Université de Montréal Track Test (UMTT), on maximal velocity and on time-to-exhaustion track tests. During the laboratory test, cardiorespiratory variables (e.g., HR, [Formula: see text]) were assessed. Second, running velocity at [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) during the UMTT was determined and HR values were recorded; also, maximal velocity on a 30-m sprint (V30) and maximal heart rate (HR max) and time to exhaustion were determined on the track. No significant difference was observed between groups during the multistage treadmill test. Significant differences were found between groups for V30 and Tlim, with MDR showing a 23% longer running time than LDR. The results of the present study demonstrated that the training profile of middle-distance and long-distance runners plays a significant role in Tlim performance when [Formula: see text] is obtained during a test with short-duration stages. Key words: maximal oxygen uptake, runners, time limit (Tlim)

scholarly journals Sex-Related Differences in the Maximal Lactate Steady State

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hafen ◽  
Pat Vehrs
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

The maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) is one of the factors that differentiates performance in aerobic events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sex differences in oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) at the MLSS in well-trained distance runners. Twenty-two (12 female, 10 male) well-trained distance runners (23 ± 5.0 years) performed multiple 30-min steady-state runs to determine their MLSS, during which blood lactate and respiratory gas exchange measures were taken. To interpret the MLSS intensity as a training tool, runners completed a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) run at their MLSS. The relative intensity at which the MLSS occurred was identical between males and females according to both oxygen consumption (83 ± 5 %O2max) and heart rate (89 ± 7 %HRmax). However, female runners displayed a significantly lower RER at MLSS compared to male runners (p < 0.0001; 0.84 ± 0.02 vs. 0.88 ± 0.04, respectively). There was not a significant difference in TTE at MLSS between males (79 ± 17 min) and females (80 ± 25 min). Due to the observed difference in the RER at the MLSS, it is suggested that RER derived estimates of MLSS be sex-specific. While the RER data suggest that the MLSS represents different metabolic intensities for males and females, the relative training load of MLSS appears to be similar in males and female runners.

Training-Load Distribution in Endurance Runners: Objective Versus Subjective Assessment

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1023-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Manzi ◽  
Antonio Bovenzi ◽  
Carlo Castagna ◽  
Paola Sinibaldi Salimei ◽  
Maurizio Volterrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Training Methodologies

Purpose:To assess the distribution of exercise intensity in long-distance recreational athletes (LDRs) preparing for a marathon and to test the hypothesis that individual perception of effort could provide training responses similar to those provided by standardized training methodologies.Methods:Seven LDRs (age 36.5 ± 3.8 y) were followed during a 5-mo training period culminating with a city marathon. Heart rate at 2.0 and 4.0 mmol/L and maximal heart rate were used to establish 3 intensity training zones. Internal training load (TL) was assessed by training zones and TRIMPi methods. These were compared with the session-rating-of-perceived-exertion (RPE) method.Results:Total time spent in zone 1 was higher than in zones 2 and 3 (76.3% ± 6.4%, 17.3% ± 5.8%, and 6.3% ± 0.9%, respectively; P = .000 for both, ES = 0.98, ES = 0.99). TL quantified by session-RPE provided the same result. The comparison between session-RPE and training-zones-based methods showed no significant difference at the lowest intensity (P = .07, ES = 0.25). A significant correlation was observed between TL RPE and TL TRIMPi at both individual and group levels (r = .79, P < .001). There was a significant correlation between total time spent in zone 1 and the improvement at the running speed of 2 mmol/L (r = .88, P < .001). A negative correlation was found between running speed at 2 mmol/L and the time needed to complete the marathon (r = –.83, P < .001).Conclusions:These findings suggest that in recreational LDRs most of the training time is spent at low intensity and that this is associated with improved performances. Session-RPE is an easy-to-use training method that provides responses similar to those obtained with standardized training methodologies.

Hypoxémie et Temps Limite à la Vitesse Aérobie Maximale Chez des Coureurs de Fond

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Billat ◽  
Jean-Cyril Renoux ◽  
Jacques Pinoteau ◽  
Bernard Petit ◽  
Jean-Pierre Koralsztein
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Oxyhemoglobin Saturation ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Exercise Induced

A recent paper (Billat et al., 1994a) has shown the reproducibility but also the great variability between subelite long-distance runners in their time to exhaustion at the velocity which elicits [Formula: see text], called the maximal aerobic speed (MAS). The present study delved further into the reasons for this large difference between runners having the same [Formula: see text]. The question addressed was whether the exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) was more important for athletes having the longest time to exhaustion at 90 (Tlim 90), 100 (Tlim 100), or 105% (Tlim 105) of MAS. The study was conducted on 16 elite male runners. EIH was observed, that is, arteriel oxyhemoglobin saturation and arterial partial pressure of oxygen dropped significantly after all the Tlim tests. However, EIH was only correlated with Tlim 90 (r = −0.757; −0.531, respectively). Key words: exercise, running

Comparison of Two Tests to Determine the Maximal Aerobic Speed

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-262
Author(s):  
Benhammou Saddek ◽  
Jérémy B.J. Coquart ◽  
Laurent Mourot ◽  
Belkadi Adel ◽  
Mokkedes Moulay Idriss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Gold Standard Test ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed

SummaryThe aims of this study were (a): to compare maximal physiological responses (maximal heart rate: HRmax and blood lactate concentration: [La-]) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) achieved during a gold standard test (T-VAM) to those during a new test entitled: the 150-50 Intermittent Test (150-50IT), and (b): to test the reliability of the 150-50IT. Eighteen middle-distance runners performed, in a random order, the T-VAM and the 150-50IT. Moreover, the runners performed a second 150-50IT (retest). The results of this study showed that the MAS obtained during 150-50IT were significantly higher than the MAS during the T-VAM (19.1 ± 0.9 vs. 17.9 ± 0.9 km.h−1, p < 0.001). There was also significant higher values in HRmax (193 ± 4 vs. 191 ± 2 bpm, p = 0.011), [La-] (11.4 ± 0.4 vs. 11.0 ± 0.5 mmol.L−1, p = 0.039) during the 150-50IT. Nevertheless, significant correlations were noted for MAS (r = 0.71, p = 0.001) and HRmax (r = 0.63, p = 0.007). MAS obtained during the first 150-50IT and the retest were not significantly different (p = 0.76) and were significantly correlated (r = 0.94, p < 0.001, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.93 and coefficient of variation = 6.8 %). In conclusion, the 150-50IT is highly reproducible, but the maximal physiological responses derived from both tests cannot be interchangeable in the design of training programs.

Physiological factors associated with the lower maximal oxygen consumption of master runners

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Rivera ◽  
A. E. Pels ◽  
S. P. Sady ◽  
M. A. Sady ◽  
E. M. Cullinane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Older Athletes ◽  
Maximal Cardiac Output

We examined the hemodynamic factors associated with the lower maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) in older formerly elite distance runners. Heart rate and VO2 were measured during submaximal and maximal treadmill exercise in 11 master [66 +/- 8 (SD) yr] and 11 young (32 +/- 5 yr) male runners. Cardiac output was determined using acetylene rebreathing at 30, 50, 70, and 85% VO2max. Maximal cardiac output was estimated using submaximal stroke volume and maximal heart rate. VO2max was 36% lower in master runners (45.0 +/- 6.9 vs. 70.4 +/- 8.0 ml.kg-1.min-1, P less than or equal to 0.05), because of both a lower maximal cardiac output (18.2 +/- 3.5 vs. 25.4 +/- 1.7 l.min-1) and arteriovenous O2 difference (16.6 +/- 1.6 vs. 18.7 +/- 1.4 ml O2.100 ml blood-1, P less than or equal to 0.05). Reduced maximal heart rate (154.4 +/- 17.4 vs. 185 +/- 5.8 beats.min-1) and stroke volume (117.1 +/- 16.1 vs. 137.2 +/- 8.7 ml.beat-1) contributed to the lower cardiac output in the older athletes (P less than or equal 0.05). These data indicate that VO2max is lower in master runners because of a diminished capacity to deliver and extract O2 during exercise.

scholarly journals RELEVANCE OF VO2max CONSUMPTION IN ELITE BULGARIAN TAEKWONDO COMPETITORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2021) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Dimitar Avramov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
National Team ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
One Way Anova

The aim of this study was to determine aerobic fitness through the VO2max treadmill test of elite Bulgarian taekwondo players with international results, and to determine whether the aerobic system had an effect upon the sports result in taekwondo. Fourteen elite taekwondo athletes, members of the Bulgarian national team (8 male and 6 female) were tested using a continuous progressive treadmill test. Physiological characteristics such as maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max), blood lactate and heart rate were measured. The male athletes recorded 58.2±3.4 ml kg–1 min–1 and the female 46.0±2.8 ml kg–1 min–1. The lactate level reached its highest at the 6’ after the VO2max with results for the males of 11.5±3.7 (mmol l-1) and 9.9±4.1 (mmol l-1) for the females respectively. A comparison between our results, regarding VO2max and previously reported was made using the One-way Anova for independent samples. It showed no significant difference between the male subjects (58.2±3.4 versus 60.7±3.3 ml kg(-1) min(-1), p>.05) and significant difference between the female ones (46.0±2.8 versus 49.8±2.8 ml kg(-1) min(-1), p<.05). Investigated also was the number of kicks executed by the winner of -49 kg weight category and her direct opponents during the 2019 Grand Prix Sofia. It was discovered that the winner kicked an average of 86.25 times per match and her kicks during the Grand Prix Sofia accumulated to 390 in total. It is our conclusion that the aerobic fitness does not play a significant role in taekwondo.

scholarly journals Foot-Strike Pattern and Performance in a Marathon

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Kasmer ◽  
Xue-cheng Liu ◽  
Kyle G. Roberts ◽  
Jason M. Valadao
Keyword(s):  
Heel Strike ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender

Purpose:To determine prevalence of heel strike in a midsize city marathon, if there is an association between foot-strike classification and race performance, and if there is an association between foot-strike classification and gender.Methods:Foot-strike classification (forefoot, midfoot, heel, or split strike), gender, and rank (position in race) were recorded at the 8.1-km mark for 2112 runners at the 2011 Milwaukee Lakefront Marathon.Results:1991 runners were classified by foot-strike pattern, revealing a heel-strike prevalence of 93.67% (n = 1865). A significant difference between foot-strike classification and performance was found using a Kruskal-Wallis test (P < .0001), with more elite performers being less likely to heel strike. No significant difference between foot-strike classification and gender was found using a Fisher exact test. In addition, subgroup analysis of the 126 non-heel strikers found no significant difference between shoe wear and performance using a Kruskal-Wallis test.Conclusions:The high prevalence of heel striking observed in this study reflects the foot-strike pattern of most mid-distance to long-distance runners and, more important, may predict their injury profile based on the biomechanics of a heel-strike running pattern. This knowledge can help clinicians appropriately diagnose, manage, and train modifications of injured runners.

Prepubescent Heart Rate Response to Indoor Play

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Whitehurst ◽  
Denise R. Groo ◽  
Lee E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Average Heart Rate ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Group Format ◽  
Indoor Play ◽  
Large Muscle

Indoor play for pay centers (PPCs) have become very popular over the last decade. Due to the group format and physical design, the PPC promotes fastpaced large muscle activity that appears to increase the heart rate of prepubescent participants. The purpose of this study was to measure children’s heart rate response to self-directed play at a PPC. Fourteen boys and girls (age = 7.8 ± 1.8 years) participated in a treadmill test to determine their maximal heart rate (MHR). On a separate day these same children played freely for 20 min over a 5,000 square foot multilevel PPC while their heart rate was monitored. The average MHR obtained in the laboratory was 204 ± 1.3 bpm, while the average heart rate during free play was 158 ± 38.5 or 77% of the MHR observed in the laboratory. These results suggest that the PPC promotes an increase in heart rate among self-directed prepubescent subjects.

scholarly journals OR-025 Association study between Chinese excellent long-distance female athletes’ PGC-1β genetic polymorphism and aerobic capacity

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jia ◽  
Chunyan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Capacity

Objective Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) is mainly expressed in mitochondria-rich tissues, which involved in skeletal muscle mitochondrial biosynthesis and energy metabolism processes such as fatty acid transport and oxidation, hepatic gluconeogenesis. PGC-1β is Previous studies have shown that this genetic polymorphism is associated with the athletic ability of elite endurance athletes. Therefore, based on the previous research, the relationship between PGC-1β gene polymorphism and aerobic exercise ability of elite female long-distance runners was discussed to provide new effective indicators for athletes' selection of materials, and improve the accuracy and advancement of athletes' selection of materials. Methods 56 Chinese elite female long-distance runners were selected, and venous blood was extracted to analyze the gene polymorphism of specific gene locus. The subjects were tested for aerobic endurance index and lung function index, wherein the aerobic endurance index included maximum oxygen uptake, relative maximal oxygen uptake relative value, anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold relative value, and lung function indicators including vital capacity, Time lung capacity, minute ventilation and maximum ventilation . Subsequently, the cross-sectional association study method was used to analyze the association between four genotypes locus of PGC-1β including rs32579, rs2161257, rs1544744 and rs10783180 in 56 subjects. Results 1) All four polymorphic locus were tested by H-W balance, indicating that the subjects were representative of the population. 2) rs32579 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 3) rs2161257 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 4) rs1544744 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 5) rs10783180 locus: There is a significant difference in the relative values of anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold between different genotype athletes. The anaerobic threshold of AG genotype athletes was 2156.35±227.69 ml/min and the anaerobic threshold of athletes with GG genotype was 2143.41±217.30 ml/min. So the anaerobic threshold of AG genotype athletes was significantly greater than the anaerobic threshold of GG genotype athletes. The Anaerobic threshold relative value for AG genotype athletes was 50.99±3.99 ml/kg/min, while the anaerobic threshold relative value for athletes with GG genotype was 48.12±4.25 ml/kg/min. The anaerobic threshold relative value of AG genotype athletes was significantly greater than that of GG genotype athletes Other indicators showed no significant difference. Conclusions The rs10783180 polymorphism is associated with the athletic ability of elite endurance athletes. The population carrying AG genotype may have higher anaerobic threshold value and relative value of anaerobic threshold, which may become more excellent endurance athletes. Rs10783180 polymorphic locus AG genotype can be used as a molecular genetic marker to predict the relative value of anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold of Chinese Han women's long-distance runners in northern China.

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