Effects of Heavy Resistance/Power Training on Maximal Strength, Muscle Morphology, and Hormonal Response Patterns in 60-75-Year-Old Men and Women

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keijo Häkkinen ◽  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Arto Pakarinen ◽  
Travis Tripleltt-Mcbride ◽  
Jeffrey M. Mcbride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Type I ◽  
Key Words Aging ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Chair Rise

Eleven women (TRW; 64 ± 4 yrs) and ten men (TRM; 65 ± 5 yrs) participated in the strength/power training twice a week for 24 weeks. Basal concentrations of serum total and free testosterone, growth hormone (GH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), cortisol and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) as well as acute responses of serum total and free testosterone, growth hormone (GH) were measured. Maximal 1RM strength in the squat, chair rise time and muscle fibre distribution and areas of type I and IIa and IIb of the vastus lateralis were also examined. 1RM squat increased in TRW by 26 (SDIO) % (p < .001), and in TRM by 35(7) % (p < .001) and chair rise time improved in both groups (p < .001). Fibre areas increased in type I, (p < .01), IIa (p < .01) and IIb (p < .01) in TRM and type I (p < .05) and IIa (p < .05) in TRW. The proportion of type IIa increased from 31% to 43% (p < .05) in TRW and that of type IIb decreased from 27% to 17% (p < .05) in TRW and from 25% to 17% (p < .05) in TRM. Individual concentrations of testosterone/cortisol ratios correlated (r = 0.63; p < .05) with the individual increases in 1RM strength in TRW. The exercise sessions resulted in acute increases in serum GH in both groups (p < .05) with a further increase (p < .01) up to 10 minutes post-loading in TRM at post-training. Key words: aging, strength training, power training, muscle hypertrophy, serum hormones

Observations on the role of GH/IGF-1 and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in the pubertal development of growth hormone deficient (GHD) children

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S164-S169 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.T. RUDD ◽  
P.H.W. RAYNER ◽  
P.H. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Short Children

Abstract SHBG concentrations in GHD and non GHD children of both sexes were studied in relation to their weight and androgen status. SHBG was inversely related to age in short and control children, but not for GHD. Correction for body weight restored the inverse relationship in these children and improved the correlation for the other groups. DHAS concentrations were similar in GHD and short children, suggesting GH per se does not influence adrenal androgen synthesis. The mean free testosterone in GHD children 12.7 pmol/L, was similar to that in short children, 14.3 pmol/L, and lower than controls 21.2 pmol/L, but consistent with their pubertal status. The Linear regression of SHBG on IGF-1 was r = -0.605 (P <0.01). It was postulated that IGF-1 and free testosterone may regulate SHBG synthesis. Administration of native and synthetic GH to prepubertal GHD children lowered SHBG without a significant change in TBG, albumin or free testosterone. The fall in SHBG concentration after HGH in GHD children is suggested as a selective mechanism which may lead to improved pubertal development. It is now recognised that many of the biochemical actions of administered human growth hormone (HGH), notably linear growth, protein synthesis and turnover, recorded in the classical studies of Prader et al. (1964), Hubble (1966) and Brown et al. (1967) are mediated by the generation of somatomedin C (IGF-1) (Van Wyk et al., 1974). Less certain is the role that IGF-1 may play in the timing of the growth spurt and subsequent pubertal development. It is documented however, (Laron and Sarel, 1970), that clinical signs of poor genital development in male patients with growth hormone deficiency may be reversed by HGH therapy, but the mechanism is unknown. A specific carbohydrate rich dimeric binding protein, sex hormone binding globulin, with a high Ka for testosterone and oestradiol-17β is present in serum (Anderson, 1974). Levels are raised prepubertally and fall progressively in both sexes as puberty advances (Lee et al., 1985). This fall is a trigger for increased levels of free testosterone and oestradiol-17β which may play a part in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Preliminary reports (Rudd et al., 1985), have shown that some GHD children had raised SHBG values for chronological and bone age. These observations suggested that concentrations of non-protein bound sex steroids may be inappropriately low because of a raised In this paper, the weight and the androgen status of GHD SHBG. children is studied in relation to compared to similar data for short addition, the effect of native and Sweden) GH on SHBG and non-protein GHD patients, is examined. their SHBG concentrations and is children and controls. In synthetic (Somatonorm S - Kabi, bound testosterone in the serum of

scholarly journals Objective Habitual Physical Activity and Estradiol Levels in Obese Latina Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Gyllenhammer ◽  
Amanda K. Vanni ◽  
Courtney E. Byrd-Williams ◽  
Marc Kalan ◽  
Leslie Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Latina Adolescents ◽  
Percent Time

Background:Lifetime physical activity (PA) is associated with decreased breast cancer (BC) risk; reports suggest that PA during adolescence contributes strongly to this relationship. PA lowers production of sex hormones, specifically estradiol, or decreases insulin resistance (IR), thereby lowering risk. Overweight Latina adolescents are insulin resistant and exhibit low levels of PA, potentially increasing their future BC risk.Methods:37 obese Latina adolescents (15.7 ± 1.1 yrs) provided measures of PA using accelerometry; plasma follicular phase estradiol, sex-hormone binding globulin, total and free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS); IR using HOMA-IR; and body composition via DEXA. Partial correlations and stepwise linear regressions assessed cross-sectional relationships between sex hormones, IR and PA. Body composition, and age were included a priori as covariates.Results:Estradiol was negatively associated with accelerometer counts per minute (CPM; r = −0.4; P = .02), percent time spent in moderate PA (%MPA; r = −0.5; P = .006), and percent time in moderate or vigorous PA (%MVPA; r = −0.5; P = .007). DHEAS was positively associated with CPM (r = .4, P = .009), %MPA (r = .3, P = .04), and %MVPA (r = .3, P = .04). Other sex hormones and IR were not associated with PA measures.Conclusion:This study is the first to show that higher habitual PA was inversely associated with estradiol in obese adolescents.

Acute and Chronic Hormonal Responses to Resistance Training Designed to Promote Muscle Hypertrophy

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Mccall ◽  
William C. Byrnes ◽  
Steven J. Fleck ◽  
Arthur Dickinson ◽  
William J. Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
Exercise Induced

Acute and chronic hormonal responses to resistance training were evaluated in 11 college men who completed 12 weeks (33 sessions) of high volume resistance training. No differences in resting concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I, testosterone, or sex hormone-binding globulin occurred from pre- and posttraining in the trained vs. nontrained control group. However, cortisol (C) decreased 17% for both groups (p < 0.05). There were no differences in exercise-induced responses between Sessions 10 and 20, with all hormone concentrations increasing (p < 0.05) from pre- at mid- and postexercise session. However, after correction for plasma volume decreases, only C and GH showed differences, with C increased from mid- to postsession (48% 10th: 49% 20th), and GH increased from pre- at mid- and postsession for both sessions 10 (0.16 ± 0.42 pre; 4.77 ± 6.24 mid; 6.26 ± 5.19 post; µg L−1) and 20 (0.33 ± 085 pre; 5.42 ± 9.08 mid; 8.24 ± 7.61 post; µg L−1). Significant correlations (p < 0.05) existed only between absolute mean GH increases from presession and the degree of muscle fiber hypertrophy for type I (r = 0.70 mid, 0.74 post) and type II (r = 0.71 post) fibers. In conclusion, resistance training had no effect on resting serum hormone concentrations, whereas similar acute exercise responses occurred between the 10th and 20th training sessions. Keywords: humans, weight training, growth hormone, IGF-I, testosterone, cortisol

scholarly journals Comparison of high-dose finasteride (5 mg/day) versus low-dose finasteride (2.5 mg/day) in the treatment of hirsutism

2002 ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Bayram ◽  
M Guven ◽  
F Kelestimur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Estradiol Levels

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of high-dose (5 mg/day) and low-dose (2.5 mg/day) finasteride in the treatment of hirsutism in women. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial. METHODS: Fifty-six hirsute women with moderate to severe hirsutism were prospectively evaluated to see the effects of low-dose (2.5 mg/day) and high-dose (5 mg/day) finasteride. Patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups. Group I (n=29) received 2.5 mg finasteride/day and group II (n=27) received 5 mg finasteride/day orally for 1 year. Hirsutism score, body mass index and hormonal parameters (FSH, LH, estradiol, androstenedione, testosterone, free testosterone, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and sex hormone-binding globulin) were measured in all the patients before treatment and repeated at six-monthly intervals. RESULTS: The hirsutism scores decreased significantly at months 6 and 12 from a mean+/-s.d. of 18.4+/-4.6 to 13.3+/-5.2 (P<0.001) and 18.4+/-4.6 to 8.6+/-4.2 (P<0.001) in group I and from 18.7+/-5.2 to 13.9+/-5.3 (P<0.001) and 18.7+/-5.2 to 10.3+/-5.0 (P<0.001) in group II respectively. No significant changes in the blood chemistry and hormonal parameters except estradiol levels were observed. No serious side-effects were seen in the two groups. In group II, estradiol levels increased significantly at 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, hirsutism scores decreased significantly at 6 and 12 months in both groups I and II. Low-dose (2.5 mg/day) finasteride is safe and cost effective in the treatment of hirsutism and may be used instead of high-dose finasteride (5 mg/day) therapy.

Relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, and sex hormones in men and women

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald B Phillips
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Roosevelt Hospital ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Adrenal Secretion

Phillips GB. Relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, and sex hormones in men and women. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:201–6. ISSN 0804–4643 Previous reports of a correlation between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and testosterone in both men and women have led to the suggestion that adrenal and gonadal secretion are related. In the present study, the correlation of DHEAS with testosterone and free testosterone (FT) in both normal men and women was tested. Androstenedione, estradiol, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin were also measured and their correlations determined. All correlations were controlled for age and body mass index. In the men in the study, DHEAS did not correlate with testosterone or FT but correlated strongly with androstenedione. In the women, DHEAS correlated strongly with testosterone, FT. and androstenedione; androstenedione in turn correlated strongly with testosterone and FT. DHEAS showed no correlations with estradiol, SHBG, or insulin in the men or women. The lack of a correlation between DHEAS and testosterone in normal men is consistent with the independent secretion of these hormones by the adrenal and testis, respectively. The finding of a strong DHEAS-testosterone correlation in normal women may be explained by parallel adrenal secretion in response to trophic stimuli, i.e., without invoking an adrenal-gonadal interaction. GB Phillips, Roosevelt Hospital, 428 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA

scholarly journals The Benefits of Testosterone Therapy in Poor Ovarian Responders Undergoing In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Poor Responders ◽  
Cancellation Rate

Introduction: Poor ovarian responders are the most challenging patients in reproductive medicine and no successful treatment has been proposed. Androgens are thought to play an important role during early folliculogenesis and diminished levels are associated with decreased ovarian sensitivity to follicle-stimulating hormone. This study aimed to determine whether pretreatment with testosterone improves the results in poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Materials and methods: This observational pilot study enrolled 33 poor responders undergoing IVF. Eleven patients were pretreated with 250 mg intramuscular testosterone and compared to a control group of 22 patients. The participants were tested for free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, sex hormone binding globulin, and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH). Results: The two groups had similar baseline characteristics. Significant improvement was reached in the hormones free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and sex hormone binding globulin in the testosterone-pretreatment group. No difference was detected in antral follicle count (5.06 versus 4.24); AMH (0.51 versus 0.53), mature oocytes (2.2 versus 2.32), and the number of embryos (1.2 versus 1.33) between the study and control groups, respectively. There was a slow improvement in fertilisation rate but without any significance (62.97% versus 57.61%). However, the cancellation rate of the ovarian stimulation was much greater in the control group (18.18%) in comparison with the study group (0.0%). Pregnancy rate (PR) in the testosterone group was higher than controls (PR per cycle: 27.3% versus 4.6; p=0.09). Conclusion: Based on the limited number of patients studied, pretreatment with testosterone seems to improve PR and cancellation rate in poor responders but failed to affect antral follicle count, AMH, and the number of mature oocytes and embryos. Given these results, further research would provide more certainty.

scholarly journals Male sex hormones response after a month-long Himalayas trek in relation to hemoglobin oxygen saturation

Kinesiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Lana Ružić ◽  
Maja Cigrovski Berković ◽  
Hrvoje Starčević ◽  
Dražen Lovrić ◽  
Branka R. Matković
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Potential Impact

High-altitude tourism is becoming increasingly popular among non-athletic population, but its potential impact on health is often neglected. This study investigated the changes in male sex hormones after the trek at altitudes between 1400 m and 6476 m. Seventeen recreational lowland men (age 48±11 years) participated in a 26-day Himalayan trek, with the highest point reached being Mera Peak. The initial measurements were performed 10 days before departure and included blood tests (total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin – SHBG, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate – DHEA-S, follicle stimulating hormone – FSH, and luteinizing hormone – LH) and ergometry on a treadmill. The final measurements were done 24 h after the return to 122 m (four days after reaching the altitude of 4300 m, and eight days after the altitude of 6476 m). During the tour, SpO2 and heart rate were measured 21 times. An increase in SHBG (42.6±10.6 to 50.7±12.0 nmol·L-1; p=.011), and subsequent decrease in calculated free testosterone (1.8±0.3 to 1.6±0.3%; p=.003) were observed. There was a significant correlation between the relative testosterone decrease and SHBG with mean SpO2 (Spearman R=-0.64 and 0.41, respectively). LH and FSH increased significantly (FSH Median/ IQR before=3.9/3.1-5.4 and after 4.6/4.0-7.1 IU·L-1; p=.001 and LH Median/IQR before=4.8/3.1-5.2 and after 5.9/4.9-9.3 IU·L-1; p=.008). The changes in LH and FSH did not correlate with SpO2, whereas the physical fitness levels (expressed in MET) did. The pituitary-adrenal-gonadal axis was affected by the altitude trek (involving physical exertion and hypoxia in combination), but the origin, duration and impact of changes in various aspects of men’s health should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Comparison of sex hormonal and metabolic profiles between omnivores and vegetarians in pre- and post-menopausal women

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony D. Karelis ◽  
Annie Fex ◽  
Marie-Eve Filion ◽  
Herman Adlercreutz ◽  
Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Fibre Intake ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sex hormonal and metabolic profiles in vegetarians and compare these with the profiles in omnivores. The design of the present study was cross-sectional. The study sample of pre- and post-menopausal women included forty-one omnivores and twenty-one vegetarians. Thereafter we determined: (1) plasma sex hormones, (2) fasting insulin, NEFA as well as apo-A and apo-B, (3) BMI, (4) a dietary profile (3 d dietary records), (5) physical activity and (6) total faecal excretion per 72 h and total urinary excretion per 72 h. Vegetarians showed higher levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), apo-A, total faecal excretion per 72 h and total fibre intake as well as lower levels of apo-B, free oestradiol, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-s) and BMI. Interestingly, after controlling for BMI, significant differences between groups still persisted except for apo-B. Moreover, stepwise regression analysis showed that total fibre intake explained 15·2 % of the variation in SHBG in our cohort, which accounted for the greatest source of unique variance. Results of the present study indicate that pre- and post-menopausal vegetarians present higher concentrations of SHBG, which could be explained, in part, by higher levels of fibre intake. This may explain, at least in part, the lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Plasma androgens and the presence and course of depression in a large cohort of women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk E. de Wit ◽  
Erik J. Giltay ◽  
Marrit K. de Boer ◽  
Fokko J. Bosker ◽  
Aviva Y. Cohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Physiological Range ◽  
Statistical Equivalence ◽  
Androgen Levels

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has a higher prevalence in women with supraphysiologic androgen levels. Whether there is also an association between depression and androgen levels in the physiological range, is unknown. This study examined if women with current MDD have higher androgen levels compared to women who have never had MDD, and if androgen levels are associated with onset and remission of MDD. In 1659 women (513 current MDD, 754 remitted MDD, and 392 never MDD), baseline plasma levels of total testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, and androstenedione were determined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with radioimmunoassays. Free testosterone was calculated. MDD status was assessed at baseline, and at 2 and 4 years follow-up. Women were aged between 18 and 65 years (mean age 41) with total testosterone levels in the physiological range (geometric mean 0.72 nmol/L [95% CI 0.27–1.93]). After adjusting for covariates and multiple testing, women with current MDD had a higher mean free testosterone than women who never had MDD (adjusted geometric mean 8.50 vs. 7.55 pmol/L, p = 0.0005), but this difference was not large enough to be considered clinically meaningful as it was consistent with statistical equivalence. Levels of other androgens and SHBG did not differ and were also statistically equivalent between the groups. None of the androgens or SHBG levels predicted onset or remission of MDD. Our findings support the idea that plasma androgens within the physiological range have no or only limited effects on depressive disorders in women.

Efficacy of myonuclear addition may explain differential myofiber growth among resistance-trained young and older men and women

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (5) ◽  
pp. E937-E946 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Petrella ◽  
Jeong-su Kim ◽  
James M. Cross ◽  
David J. Kosek ◽  
Marcas M. Bamman
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Muscle Stem Cells ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Paracrine Growth Factors ◽  
Igf Binding

Skeletal muscle stem (satellite) cells supporting growth/regeneration are thought to be activated and incorporated into growing myofibers by both endocrine and locally expressed autocrine/paracrine growth factors, the latter being load sensitive. We recently found that myofiber hypertrophy with resistance training is superior in young men (YM) vs. young women and older adults (Kosek DJ, Kim JS, Petrella JK, Cross JM, and Bamman MM. J Appl Physiol 101: 531–544, 2006). We hypothesized that the advanced myofiber hypertrophy in YM is facilitated by myonuclear addition in response to a milieu promoting stem cell activation. Twenty-six young (27.0 ± 1 yr, 50% women) and 26 older (63.7 ± 1 yr, 50% women) adults completed 16 wk of knee extensor resistance training. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained at baseline, 24 h after one bout, and after 16 wk. Muscle stem cells were identified immunohistochemically with anti-neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM+). Muscle transcript levels of IGF-I and mechanogrowth factor (MGF) were determined by RT-PCR. Serum IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, IGFBP-1, total and free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and androstenedione were assessed by radioimmunoassay. Myofiber hypertrophy was twofold greater in YM vs. others, and only YM increased NCAM+ cells per 100 myofibers (49%) and myonuclei per fiber (19%) ( P < 0.05). IGF-IEa mRNA was higher in young and increased acutely (29%) with summation by 16 wk (96%) ( P < 0.05). MGF mRNA increased only in young after one bout (81%) and by 16 wk (85%) ( P < 0.001). Circulating IGF-I was twofold higher in young, whereas IGFBP-1 was lowest in YM ( P < 0.05). Among men, free testosterone was 59% higher in YM ( P < 0.01). Myonuclear addition was most effectively accomplished in YM, which likely drove the superior growth.

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