Molecular characterization of dihydroneopterin aldolase and aminodeoxychorismate synthase in common bean—genes coding for enzymes in the folate synthesis pathway

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 588-600
Author(s):  
Weilong Xie ◽  
Gregory Perry ◽  
C. Joe Martin ◽  
Youn-Seb Shim ◽  
Alireza Navabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Bac Clone ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Conserved Residues ◽  
Clone Sequencing ◽  
Pseudo Gene ◽  
Dihydroneopterin Aldolase ◽  
Selection Of

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are excellent sources of dietary folates, but different varieties contain different amounts of these compounds. Genes coding for dihydroneopterin aldolase (DHNA) and aminodeoxychorismate synthase (ADCS) of the folate synthesis pathway were characterized by PCR amplification, BAC clone sequencing, and whole genome sequencing. All DHNA and ADCS genes in the Mesoamerican cultivar OAC Rex were isolated and compared with those genes in the genome of Andean genotype G19833. Both genotypes have two functional DHNA genes and one pseudo gene. PvDHNA1 and PvDHNA2 proteins have similar secondary structures and conserved residues as DHNA homologs in Staphylococcus aureus and Arabidopsis. Sequence analysis and synteny mapping indicated that PvDHNA1 might be a duplicated and transposed copy of PvDHNA2. There is only one ADCS gene (PvADCS) identified in the bean genome and it is identical in OAC Rex and G19833. PvADCS has the conserved motifs required for catalytic activity similar to other plant ADCS homologs. DHNA and ADCS gene-specific markers were developed, mapped, and compared to their physical locations on chromosomes 1 and 7, respectively. The gene-specific markers developed in this study should be useful for detection and selection of varieties with enhanced folate contents in bean breeding programs.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of an Ipecac active germplasm bank – a Brazilian endangered medicinal species

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nádia Elígia Nunes Pinto Paracampo ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Santos de Souza ◽  
Jéssica Caporal Almeida ◽  
Osmar Alves Lameira
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The active germplasm bank (AGB) of Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, in the city of Belém, PA, was the first of its kind to be opened in Brazil for this endangered medicinal species and holds important accessions for agricultural and reproductive research, including the production of active principles. This study aimed to chemically characterize 42 accessions from that AGB by simultaneously quantifying cephaeline and emetine contents in roots using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD). Cephaeline concentrations ranged from ‘undetected’ to 1.76%, whereas emetine concentrations were found between 0.64% and 2.49%. The overall emetine/cephaeline ratio varied from 0.43 to 3.52. The differences among mean concentrations of alkaloids observed by comparing the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability suggest the chemical variation among the samples assessed. Therefore, it is concluded such chemical differences may favor the selection of genetic material for commercial purposes based on the production of emetine and/or cephaeline, likewise may contribute to breeding programs.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF PEACH GENOTYPES FOR BIOCHEMICAL FRUIT QUALITY CHARACTERIZATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
KELI CRISTINA FABIANE ◽  
AMÉRICO WAGNER JÚNIOR ◽  
JULIANO ZANELA ◽  
CRISTIANO HOSSEL ◽  
IDEMIR CITADIN
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Peach is much appreciated by consumers and its popularity is mainly related with organoleptic characteristics. However, with emergence of concepts of functional foods (health promoters), there is high interest to study and to quantify the biochemical components of fruits. The aim of this work was to perform the biochemical characterization of peach genotypes, evaluating the genetic diversity and selecting those with desirable biochemical qualities for use as parents in future breeding programs. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology - UTFPR - Campus of Dois Vizinhos, PR (Brazil), with fruits from 26 and 29 peach genotypes (Prunus persica) in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 crop years, respectively. The experimental design was entirely randomized, considering each genotype as treatment, using four replicates and four fruits per plot. Total and reducing sugars, total proteins, amino acids, total phenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity (PAL) in fruits were evaluated. According to the results of two crop years, ‘Cascata 967’, ‘Conserva 985’, ‘Kampai’, ‘Tropic Snow’ and ‘Cascata 1055’ were selected as those with the highest levels of these compounds.

Molecular Characterization of Parental Lines and Validation of Snp Markers for Disease Resistance in Common Bean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Matias Gomes-Messias ◽  
Rosana Pereira Vianello ◽  
Joney Pereira Monteiro-Júnior ◽  
Luana Alves Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Paula Simplício Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The implementation of molecular tools that help the early selection of genotypes carrying target alleles increases efficiency and reduces the time and costs of breeding programs. The present study aimed the molecular characterization and validation of SNPs targeting disease resistance alleles for assisted selection. A total of 376 common bean lines with contrasting responses for anthracnose and angular leaf spot resistance were used, as well as 149 F2 plants from the cross between BRS Cometa x SEL 1308 (carrying the Anthracnose resistance gene Co-42). Seven of the ten SNP markers evaluated showed potential for assisted breeding: snpPV0025 (Phg-2), snpPV0027 (Phg-5), snpPV0079 (Phg-5), snpPV0046 (Co-u), snpPV0068 (Co-42), snpPV0070 (Co-42) and snpP8282v3-817 (Co-42). Markers snpPV0070 and snpP8282v3-817 showed high efficiency of selection (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively). These markers exhibit great potential to assist in the selection at different stages of the breeding program and may be readily incorporated into marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals Molecular and Aggressiveness Characterization of Isolates of Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae Associated to Passion Fruit Wilting

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Thalita N. Marostega ◽  
Lizandra P. Lara ◽  
Daiani da S. de Oliveira ◽  
Antonio M. Chimello ◽  
Thiago Alexandre S. Gilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Molecular Variability ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Sour Passion Fruit

This work was carried out with the objective of performing a molecular and aggressiveness characterization of F. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae collected in the Pantanal, Cerrado and Amazon biomes. We selected the most aggressive isolates for use in breeding programs aiming resistance to Collar Rot and Fusariosis. For inoculation of the isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae the washed root method was used. The molecular characterization of the isolates was carried out by partial sequencing of the Transcribed Internal Spacer of the rDNA region. The isolates of F. solani formed two distinct groups in relation to aggressiveness. Among all isolates, FSUNEMAT 40 and FSUNEMAT 46 were the most aggressive. The model with K=2 was taken as the best model to explain the genetic structure of the F. solani populations, with clear combinations of genes from both gene pools. There were three groups with respect to the aggressiveness of the isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae, with the isolated FOUNEMAT 22 being the most aggressive. In view of these results, the isolates of F. solani collected in P. edulis in the state of Mato Grosso presented a high molecular variability independent from the biome of origin, and this was also observed in the tests of aggressiveness. The results indicate the need to consider the molecular variability and the aggressiveness of the pathogens in the evaluation of genotypes of sour passion fruit in programs of selection of resistant cultivars.

Applications of Transmission Electron Microscopy in the Characterization of Metal Machinability

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 442-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
A.B. Draper
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
State Physics ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Rotary Table ◽  
Solid State Physics ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Selection Of

The industrial characterization of the machinability of metals and alloys has always been a very arbitrarily defined property, subject to the selection of various reference or test materials; and the adoption of rather naive and misleading interpretations and standards. However, it seems reasonable to assume that with the present state of knowledge of materials properties, and the current theories of solid state physics, more basic guidelines for machinability characterization might be established on the basis of the residual machined microstructures. This approach was originally pursued by Draper; and our presentation here will simply reflect an exposition and extension of this research.The technique consists initially in the production of machined chips of a desired test material on a horizontal milling machine with the workpiece (specimen) mounted on a rotary table vice. A single cut of a specified depth is taken from the workpiece (0.25 in. wide) each at a new tool location.

Characterization of a cDNA for Rhesus Monkey Protein C Inhibitor – Evidence for N-Terminal Involvement in Heparin Stimulation

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (04) ◽  
pp. 1079-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-P Radtke ◽  
José A Fernández ◽  
Bruno O Villoutreix ◽  
Judith S Greengard ◽  
John H Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Reactive Center ◽  
Protein C Inhibitor ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SummarycDNAs for protein C inhibitor (PCI) were cloned from human and rhesus monkey 1 liver RNAs by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Sequencing showed that rhesus monkey and human PCI cDNAs were 93% identical. Predicted amino acid sequences differed at 26 of 387 residues. Pour of these differences (T352M, N359S, R362K, L3631) were in the reactive center loop that is important for inhibitory specificity, and two were in the N-terminal helix (M8T, E13K) that is implicated in glycosaminoglycan binding. PCI in human or rhesus monkey plasma showed comparable inhibitory activity towards human activated protein C in the presence of 10 U/ml heparin. However, maximal acceleration of the inhibition of activated protein C required 5-fold lower heparin concentration for rhesus monkey than for human plasma, consistent with the interpretation that the additional positive charge (E13K) in a putative-heparin binding region increased the affinity for heparin.

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

Caracterização da Peneira Média em Clones de Coffea canephora

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Darlan Darlan Sanches Barbosa Alves ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
Marcos Santana Moraes ◽  
Carolina Augusto De Souza ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Selection Of

Introdução: O estado de Rondônia se destaca como tradicional produtor de café, sendo o segundo maior produtor brasileiro de C. canephora. No melhoramento genético de C. canephora, a seleção de plantas de elevada peneira média está associada à bebida de qualidade superior. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de clones de C. canephora para o tamanho dos grãos, mensurado a partir da avaliação da peneira média (PM). Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, foi conduzido ao longo de dois anos agrícolas experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, para a avaliação da peneira média de 130 genótipos (clones) com características das variedades botânicas Conilon, Robusta e híbridos intervarietais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro plantas por parcela. Resultados: Não houve resultados significativos para a interação clones X anos, indicando uma maior consistência no comportamento das plantas ao longo do tempo. Porém foram observadas diferenças significativas para o tamanho dos grãos entre os genótipos avaliados, possibilitando selecionar genótipos superiores. Conclusão: Os genótipos agruparam-se em cinco classes de acordo com o teste de média, subsidiando a caracterização de um gradiente de variabilidade da característica avaliada ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coffea canephora accounts for approximately 35% of the world's coffee production. The state of Rondônia stands out as a traditional coffee producer, being the second largest Brazilian producer of C. canephora. In the classical genetic improvement of C. anephora, the selection of plants of high average sieve is associated with a drink of superior quality. Objectives: The objective of this udy was to evaluate the genetic variability of Coffea canephora clones for the agronomic medium sieve (PM). Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa, municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste-RO, located at coordinates 10º44'53 "S and 62º12'57". One hundred thirty genotypes (clones) of botanical characteristics Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids were evaluated in the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and four plants per plot, spacing 3.5 x 1.5 meters between plants. Results: Significant difference was found for the grain size. According to the F test, at 5% probability, the genotypes were grouped into five classes according to the mean test. Conclusion: The results obtained subsidized the characterization of a variability gradient of the evaluated trait.

Elaboration and Characterization of the Properties of Refractory Cr Base Alloys

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Royer ◽  
Stéphane Mathieu ◽  
Christophe Liebaut ◽  
Pierre Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Molten Glass ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
Refractory Alloys ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Selection Of

For energy production and also for the glass industry, finding new refractory alloys which could permit to increase the process temperatures to 1200°C or more is a permanent challenge. Chromium base alloys can be good candidates, considering the melting point of Cr itself, and also its low corrosion rate in molten glass. Two families of alloys have been studied for this purpose, Cr-Mo-W and Cr-Ta-X alloys (X= Mo, Si..). A finer selection of compositions has been done, to optimize their chemical and mechanical properties. Kinetics of HT oxidation by air, of corrosion by molten glass and also creep properties of several alloys have been measured up to 1250°C. The results obtained with the best alloys (Cr-Ta base) give positive indications as regards the possibility of their industrial use.

scholarly journals Organelle Genetics in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2104
Author(s):  
Pedro Robles ◽  
Víctor Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Rna Editing ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Plant Mitochondria ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Organelle Genetics ◽  
Selection Of

Eleven published articles (4 reviews, 7 research papers) are collected in the Special Issue entitled “Organelle Genetics in Plants.” This selection of papers covers a wide range of topics related to chloroplasts and plant mitochondria research: (i) organellar gene expression (OGE) and, more specifically, chloroplast RNA editing in soybean, mitochondria RNA editing, and intron splicing in soybean during nodulation, as well as the study of the roles of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of OGE in plant adaptation to environmental stress; (ii) analysis of the nuclear integrants of mitochondrial DNA (NUMTs) or plastid DNA (NUPTs); (iii) sequencing and characterization of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes; (iv) recent advances in plastid genome engineering. Here we summarize the main findings of these works, which represent the latest research on the genetics, genomics, and biotechnology of chloroplasts and mitochondria.

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