scholarly journals Collinearity between potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and wild relatives assessed by comparative cytogenetic mapping

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Gaiero ◽  
José van de Belt ◽  
Francisco Vilaró ◽  
M. Eric Schranz ◽  
Pablo Speranza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Solanum Chacoense ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Major Bottleneck

A major bottleneck to introgressive hybridization is the lack of genome collinearity between the donor (alien) genome and the recipient crop genome. Structural differences between the homeologs may create unbalanced segregation of chromosomes or cause linkage drag. To assess large-scale collinearity between potato and two of its wild relatives (Solanum commersonii and Solanum chacoense), we used BAC-FISH mapping of sequences with known positions on the RH potato map. BAC probes could successfully be hybridized to the S. commersonii and S. chachoense pachytene chromosomes, confirming their correspondence with linkage groups in RH potato. Our study shows that the order of BAC signals is conserved. Distances between BAC signals were quantified and compared; some differences found suggest either small-scale rearrangements or reduction/amplification of repeats. We conclude that S. commersonii and S. chacoense are collinear with cultivated Solanum tuberosum on the whole chromosome scale, making these amenable species for efficient introgressive hybridization breeding.

scholarly journals Genomic Outcomes of Haploid Induction Crosses in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Genetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk R. Amundson ◽  
Benny Ordoñez ◽  
Monica Santayana ◽  
Ek Han Tan ◽  
Isabelle M. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Haploid Induction ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Number Variation ◽  
Additional Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Loci

The challenges of breeding autotetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum) have motivated the development of alternative breeding strategies. A common approach is to obtain uniparental dihaploids from a tetraploid of interest through pollination with S. tuberosum Andigenum Group (formerly S. phureja) cultivars. The mechanism underlying haploid formation of these crosses is unclear, and questions regarding the frequency of paternal DNA transmission remain. Previous reports have described aneuploid and euploid progeny that, in some cases, displayed genetic markers from the haploid inducer (HI). Here, we surveyed a population of 167 presumed dihaploids for large-scale structural variation that would underlie chromosomal addition from the HI, and for small-scale introgression of genetic markers. In 19 progeny, we detected 10 of the 12 possible trisomies and, in all cases, demonstrated the noninducer parent origin of the additional chromosome. Deep sequencing indicated that occasional, short-tract signals appearing to be of HI origin were better explained as technical artifacts. Leveraging recurring copy number variation patterns, we documented subchromosomal dosage variation indicating segregation of polymorphic maternal haplotypes. Collectively, 52% of the assayed chromosomal loci were classified as dosage variable. Our findings help elucidate the genomic consequences of potato haploid induction and suggest that most potato dihaploids will be free of residual pollinator DNA.

scholarly journals Genomic Outcomes of Haploid Induction Crosses in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk R Amundson ◽  
Benny Ordoñez ◽  
Monica Santayana ◽  
Ek Han Tan ◽  
Isabelle M Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Haploid Induction ◽  
Haploid Inducer ◽  
Additional Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Loci

AbstractThe challenges of breeding autotetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum) have motivated the development of alternative breeding strategies. A common approach is to obtain uniparental dihaploids from a tetraploid of interest through pollination with S. tuberosum Andigenum Group (formerly S. phureja) cultivars. The mechanism underlying haploid formation of these crosses is unclear, and questions regarding the frequency of paternal DNA transmission remain. Previous reports described aneuploid and euploid progeny, which, in some cases, displayed genetic markers from the haploid inducer. Here, we surveyed a population of 167 presumed dihaploids for large-scale structural variation that would underlie chromosomal addition from the haploid inducer, and for small-scale introgression of genetic markers. In 19 progeny, we detected ten of the twelve possible trisomies and, in all cases, demonstrated the non-inducer parent origin of the additional chromosome. Deep sequencing indicated that occasional, short-tract signals appearing of haploid inducer origin were better explained as technical artifacts. Leveraging recurring CNV patterns, we documented sub-chromosomal dosage variation indicating segregation of polymorphic maternal haplotypes. Collectively, 52% of assayed chromosomal loci were classified as dosage variable. Our findings help elucidate the genomic consequences of potato haploid induction and suggest that most potato dihaploids will be free of residual pollinator DNA.

Purification to homogeneity and characterization of nonproteolyzed potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber hexokinase 1

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claude Moisan ◽  
Jean Rivoal
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography ◽  
Solanum Chacoense ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Chromatographic Separations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Fast Flow

We have developed an extraction procedure that improves the stability of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber hexokinase (HK) after extraction. Using this protocol, we showed that at least four HK isoforms are present in this tissue, and they can be separated by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography on a butyl-Sepharose™ 4 Fast Flow column. One of the main HK isoforms was purified to homogeneity using further chromatographic separations on red dye, DEAE Fractogel, hydroxyapatite, cibacron blue, and MonoQ matrices. HK-specific activity of this fraction (10.2 U·mg protein–1) corresponds to an enrichment of more than 5500-fold, with a yield of 0.9%. This is the highest reported HK-specific activity from a plant source. The purified enzyme consisted of a monomer with a subunit apparent Mr of 51 kDa when analyzed by SDS–PAGE. This polypeptide was recognized by affinity-purified anti- Solanum chacoense Bitt. recombinant HK IgGs. The protein was digested with trypsin and its digestion products were subjected to MS – MS sequencing after HPLC separation. The sequences of these tryptic peptides matched the predicted coding sequence of the S. tuberosum HK1 gene with a coverage of 57%. Examination of the kinetic properties of the purified protein HK1 indicates that it may be regulated by the internal O2 concentration of the tuber because of its sensitivity to acidic pHs and inhibition by ADP.

scholarly journals UN CASO PARA LA PRESERVACIÓN Y UTILIZACIÓN DE PARIENTES SILVESTRES DE LOS CULTIVOS EN PAPA (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-88
Author(s):  
E.L. Camadro
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ

Los parientes silvestres de los cultivos (Crop wild relatives=CWR) constituyen un recurso crítico para abordar las necesidades de seguridad alimentaria, debido a que proveen diversidad genética para el mejoramiento de los cultivos, conducente al incremento de la plasticidad y productividad de los sistemas agrícolas. Sin embargo, los fitomejoradores típicamente no han desarrollado estrategias sistemáticas o globales integrales para la caracterización y utilización de CWR en el mejoramiento de cultivares. La papa provee un excelente caso de estudio para la utilización de germoplasma de CWR a fin de abordar las necesidades de seguridad alimentaria global. La cooperación y colaboración internacionales son críticas para coleccionar, caracterizar y utilizar CWR en anticipación a las necesidades futuras de producción. Tanto la preservación ex situ como in situ de las especies silvestres de la papa son esenciales para asegurar un plan de conservación global abarcativo. Las prioridades tope incluyen un inventario coordinado de las tenencias de los bancos de genes, seguido de la re-colección de CWR, y nueva colección donde existan brechas. El acceso a la diversidad de CWR continuará siendo crítico en tanto los fitomejoradores enfrenten el desafío de desarrollar cultivares que se ajusten a los nuevos sistemas de producción, especialmente en respuesta al cambo global. Con el advenimiento de la era genómica, están emergiendo nuevas visiones sobre estrategias de utilización de germoplasma. En adición a cubrir las brechas en las colecciones, será importante expandir los esfuerzos para caracterizar y utilizar CWR. Se necesita una estrategia sistemática e integral para evaluar CWR en bancos de genes por los caracteres necesarios para continuar con el progreso en el mejoramiento genético.Manuscrito recibido: 02/08/2014Aceptado: 07/09/2014

Small-Scale Science to Large-Scale Profession

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-398
Author(s):  
Roger Smith
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale

Situación económica y social de la población de San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cadena-Iñiguez ◽  
Eileen Salinas-Cruz ◽  
Jesús Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Mariano Morales-Guerra ◽  
Romualdo Vásquez-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Objetivo: Establecer una línea base como fundamento para la intervención e inducción de innovaciones a través de escuelas de campo y planes de negocios. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: El estudio se desarrolló en San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México. Se elaboró una encuesta como instrumento para recabar en campo información de familias de la localidad con la finalidad de conocer su situación actual. La localidad de trabajo se eligió utilizando como criterio las poblaciones que se encuentran dentro de Cruzada Nacional contra el hambre y en la clasificación de la pobreza extrema Resultados: La localidad de San José del Carmen es considerada como de alta marginación, la población es bilingüe, su principal lengua es el Tzotzil, el nivel de estudios promedio es hasta el tercer año de primaria, las principales actividades productivas son la siembra de maíz (Zea mays L.), frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) y haba (Vicia faba L.) que son utilizadas principalmente para autoconsumo.  No cuentan con agua potable ya que su sistema es a través de la recaudación de agua de lluvia o a través de un jagüey. Sus principales actividades económicas son la albañilería por parte de los hombres, y venta de productos, tales como el pozol (bebida energética a base de maíz y cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), tostadas y algunos vegetales por parte de las mujeres. Las tostadas son producidas en forma artesanal con un proceso de doble nixtamalización y vendida en bolsas de 20 tostadas cada una, a un costo de MX$10.00 en los mercados de San Cristóbal de las Casas, una a dos veces por semana alrededor de 40 bolsas por día de venta. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La afiliación zapatista de alguno de los pobladores y el hecho de que algunos habitantes no hablen español, fueron factores que limitaron desarrollar al 100% el estudio; sin embargo, se considera que se tienen los elementos necesarios para establecer la línea base de la situación de San José del Carmen. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico servirá como una herramienta para establecer una intervención a través de innovaciones y planes de negocios en la comunidad de estudio. Los pobladores cuentan con herramientas necesarias para obtener nuevos conocimientos que ayuden a un desarrollo de su producción. El idioma no deberá de ser una limitante para ello.

Development of Physics Learning Module Based on Guided Inquiry with Light Wave Material in Class XI of Senior High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Evi Rahmawati ◽  
Irnin Agustina Dwi Astuti ◽  
N Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Teacher Response ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Scientific Skills

IPA Integrated is a place for students to study themselves and the surrounding environment applied in daily life. Integrated IPA Learning provides a direct experience to students through the use and development of scientific skills and attitudes. The importance of integrated IPA requires to pack learning well, integrated IPA integration with the preparation of modules combined with learning strategy can maximize the learning process in school. In SMP 209 Jakarta, the value of the integrated IPA is obtained from 34 students there are 10 students completed and 24 students are not complete because they get the value below the KKM of 68. This research is a development study with the development model of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The use of KPS-based integrated IPA modules (Science Process sSkills) on the theme of rainbow phenomenon obtained by media expert validation results with an average score of 84.38%, average material expert 82.18%, average linguist 75.37%. So the average of all aspects obtained by 80.55% is worth using and tested to students. The results of the teacher response obtained 88.69% value with excellent criteria. Student responses on a small scale acquired an average score of 85.19% with highly agreed criteria and on the large-scale student response gained a yield of 86.44% with very agreed criteria. So the module can be concluded receiving a good response by the teacher and students.

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