scholarly journals Analysis of the histone cluster in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis): evidence for a divergent evolution of two canonical histone clusters

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Alejandro Merlo ◽  
Roger Iziga ◽  
Silvia Portela-Bens ◽  
Ismael Cross ◽  
Nadezda Kosyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Diversification ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Solea Senegalensis ◽  
Senegalese Sole ◽  
Bac Clone ◽  
Bac Clones ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Priority Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Canonical Histone

The Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is commercially very important and a priority species for aquaculture product diversification. The main histone cluster was identified within two BAC clones. However, two replacement histones (H1.0 and H3.3) were found in another BAC clone. Different types of canonical histones H2A and H2B were found within the same species for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the different types of H1, H2A, and H2B histones were all more similar to each other than to canonical histones from other species. The canonical histone H3 of S. senegalensis differs from subtypes H3.1 and H3.2 in humans at the site of residue 96, where a serine is found instead of an alanine. This same polymorphism has been found only in Danio rerio. The karyotype of S. senegalensis comprises 21 pairs of chromosomes, distributed in 3 metacentric pairs, 2 submetacentric pairs, 4 subtelocentric pairs, and 12 acrocentric pairs. The two BAC clones that contain the clusters of canonical histones were both mapped on the largest metacentric pair, and mFISH analysis confirmed the co-location with the dmrt1 gene in that pair. Three chromosome markers have been identified which, in addition to those previously described, account for 18 chromosome pairs in S. senegalensis.

scholarly journals Integrative genetic map of repetitive DNA in the sole Solea senegalensis genome shows a Rex transposon located in a proto-sex chromosome

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio García ◽  
Ismael Cross ◽  
Silvia Portela-Bens ◽  
María E. Rodríguez ◽  
Aglaya García-Angulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Solea Senegalensis ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Senegalese Sole ◽  
Bac Clones

AbstractRepetitive sequences play an essential role in the structural and functional evolution of the genome, particularly in the sexual chromosomes. The Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is a valuable flatfish in aquaculture albeit few studies have addressed the mapping and characterization of repetitive DNA families. Here we analyzed the Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) and Transposable elements (TEs) content from fifty-seven BAC clones (spanning 7.9 Mb) of this species, located in chromosomes by multiple fluorescence in situ hybridization (m-BAC-FISH) technique. The SSR analysis revealed an average density of 675.1 loci per Mb and a high abundance (59.69%) of dinucleotide coverage was observed, being ‘AC’ the most abundant. An SSR-FISH analysis using eleven probes was also carried out and seven of the 11 probes yielded positive signals. ‘AC’ probes were present as large clusters in almost all chromosomes, supporting the bioinformatic analysis. Regarding TEs, DNA transposons (Class II) were the most abundant. In Class I, LINE elements were the most abundant and the hAT family was the most represented in Class II. Rex/Babar subfamily, observed in two BAC clones mapping to chromosome pair 1, showed the longest match. This chromosome pair has been recently reported as a putative sexual proto-chromosome in this species, highlighting the possible role of the Rex element in the evolution of this chromosome. In the Rex1 phylogenetic tree, the Senegalese sole Rex1 retrotransposon could be associated with one of the four major ancient lineages in fish genomes, in which it is included O. latipes.

Probabilistic Assessment of Reliability and Risk Values by Certification Results

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Lapin ◽  
Erken S. Aldakhov ◽  
S. D. Aldakhov ◽  
A. B. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Seismic Resistance ◽  
Probabilistic Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
First Time ◽  
Structural Solutions ◽  
Practical Recommendations

For the first time in Almaty full passport of apartment stock of multiapartment building was carried out. The structure of the housing stock was revealed with the allocation of groups of buildings according to structural solutions and assessment of their seismic resistance. Based on the results of certification, quantitative estimates of failure probability values for different types of buildings were obtained. Formulas for estimation of quantitative value of seismic risk are obtained. The number of deaths in the estimated zem-shakes was estimated. The results of the assessments will be used for practical recommendations to reduce risk and expected losses in possible earthquakes.

The Small State Challenge

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Corbett ◽  
Wouter Veenendaal
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Small States ◽  
Small State ◽  
Informal Politics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
First Time

Chapter 1 introduces the main arguments of the book; outlines the approach, method, and data; defines key terms; and provides a chapter outline. Global theories of democratization have systematically excluded small states, which make up roughly 20 per cent of countries. These cases debunk mainstream theories of why democratization succeeds or fails. This book brings small states into the comparative politics fold for the first time. It is organized thematically, with each chapter tackling one of the main theories from the democratization literature. Different types of data are examined—case studies and other documentary evidence, interviews and observation. Following an abductive approach, in addition to examining the veracity of existing theory, each chapter is also used to build an explanation of how democracy is practiced in small states. Specifically, we highlight how small state politics is shaped by personalization and informal politics, rather than formal institutional design.

scholarly journals MiRNA Expression in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Frequent Localizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Alexandra Korotaeva ◽  
Danzan Mansorunov ◽  
Natalya Apanovich ◽  
Anna Kuzevanova ◽  
Alexander Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are infrequent malignant tumors of a neuroendocrine nature that arise in various organs. They occur most frequently in the lungs, intestines, stomach and pancreas. Molecular diagnostics and prognosis of NEN development are highly relevant. The role of clinical biomarkers can be played by microRNAs (miRNAs). This work is devoted to the analysis of data on miRNA expression in NENs. For the first time, a search for specificity or a community of their functional characteristics in different types of NEN was carried out. Their properties as biomarkers were also analyzed. To date, more than 100 miRNAs have been characterized as differentially expressed and significant for the development of NEN tumors. Only about 10% of the studied miRNAs are expressed in several types of NEN; differential expression of the remaining 90% was found only in tumors of specific localizations. A significant number of miRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers. However, only a few miRNAs have values that characterized their quality as markers. The analysis demonstrates the predominant specific expression of miRNA in each studied type of NEN. This indicates that miRNA’s functional features are predominantly influenced by the tissue in which they are formed.

scholarly journals Second-order neutrosophic boundary-value problem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Moi ◽  
Suvankar Biswas ◽  
Smita Pal(Sarkar)
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Boundary Value Problem ◽  
Differential Calculus ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Different Types ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn this article, some properties of neutrosophic derivative and neutrosophic numbers have been presented. This properties have been used to develop the neutrosophic differential calculus. By considering different types of first- and second-order derivatives, different kind of systems of derivatives have been developed. This is the first time where a second-order neutrosophic boundary-value problem has been introduced with different types of first- and second-order derivatives. Some numerical examples have been examined to explain different systems of neutrosophic differential equation.

scholarly journals Interactions between an Associative Amphiphilic Block Polyelectrolyte and Surfactants in Water: Effect of Charge Type on Solution Properties and Aggregation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729
Author(s):  
Patrizio Raffa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Solution Rheology ◽  
Interesting Class ◽  
First Time

The study of interactions between polyelectrolytes (PE) and surfactants is of great interest for both fundamental and applied research. These mixtures can represent, for example, models of self-assembly and molecular organization in biological systems, but they are also relevant in industrial applications. Amphiphilic block polyelectrolytes represent an interesting class of PE, but their interactions with surfactants have not been extensively explored so far, most studies being restricted to non-associating PE. In this work, interactions between an anionic amphiphilic triblock polyelectrolyte and different types of surfactants bearing respectively negative, positive and no charge, are investigated via surface tension and solution rheology measurements for the first time. It is evidenced that the surfactants have different effects on viscosity and surface tension, depending on their charge type. Micellization of the surfactant is affected by the presence of the polymer in all cases; shear viscosity of polymer solutions decreases in presence of the same charge or nonionic surfactants, while the opposite charge surfactant causes precipitation. This study highlights the importance of the charge type, and the role of the associating hydrophobic block in the PE structure, on the solution behavior of the mixtures. Moreover, a possible interaction model is proposed, based on the obtained data.

scholarly journals AB0243 CONSIDERING THE COMBINATION OF TWO BIOLOGICS IN CASE OF FAILURE OF THE MONOTHERAPY IN JUVENILE ONSET RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1147.1-1147
Author(s):  
A. Haddouche ◽  
K. Ait Bellabas ◽  
W. F. Hamrani ◽  
S. Sahraoui ◽  
R. Fatma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Biologic Therapies ◽  
Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Juvenile Onset ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Tnf Blocker ◽  
Different Types ◽  
First Time

Background:The management of rheumatoid arthritis refractory to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) is currently well codified and includes different types of biologics and even targeted sDMARDs. A rotation of biologic therapies is recommended in order to better control the disease.Methods:We report the case of a 20-year-old patient followed in our hospital for the management of a deforming and erosive seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (FR +, ACPA +) with a juvenile onset at the age of 8 years. The diagnosis of an immunopositive polyarticular form of JIA was retained in 2010 (9 years old); the patient was treated with methotrexate (MTX) at a dose of 10 mg per week and methylprednisolone at doses varying between 4 and 10 mg per day. Following the failure of MTX, etanercept was introduced for 6 months without success, followed by tocilizumab in 2012 at a dose of 8mg/kg/month for a year, without good response. In 2014, a course of rituximab (RTX) at a dose of 2 shots of 500mg, 2 weeks apart was prescribed followed 9 months later by etanercept at a dose of 50 mg a week for 3 years then by adalimumab (40mg/ week) because of the multiple treatment failures.In 2018, the repetition of RTX at a dose of 1g, renewed 15 days later, improved the patient for only 3 months. Then, a combination of two biologics, namely RTX (2 x 1g, 15 days apart) and adalimumab 1 month later (40mg / week) was received by the patient with a good response at 3 months. The latter was maintained for 7 months even after stopping the adalimumab following confinement for COVID-19. In September 2020, flares occurred and the adalimumab (ADA) has been delivered but without success during 3 months, stopped later for a benign form of COVID-19 (15 months after RTX). In January 2021, the association RTX + ADA was given again and we hope that it will be as effective as the first prescription.Results:The clinical and biological severity of our patient’s rheumatoid arthritis led us to give a combination of two biological treatments. Indeed, we do not have other therapeutic classes to deliver to her, that encouraged us to rotate between all the available biological therapies in our country. The combination of a CD20 inhibitor (RTX) with a TNF blocker (ADA) was safe and made possible, for the first time, the achievement of clinical and biological remission during 7 months, even after stopping the TNF blocker. Greenwald et al. reported the safety of the combination of RTX + TNF inhibitors in a randomized clinical trial in 51 patients. Its efficacy, a secondary goal of the study, was suggested at 24 weeks by the percentage of ACR 20 and ACR 50 responses that was greater than in the RTX placebo group.Conclusion:The combination of RTX with a TNF blocker can be a real alternative therapy in rheumatoid arthritis with failure to a biological monotherapy.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

The contribution of amino acids to the odour of a prey species in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

Aquaculture ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 265 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zélia Velez ◽  
Peter C. Hubbard ◽  
Jörg D. Hardege ◽  
Eduardo N. Barata ◽  
Adelino V.M. Canário
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Solea Senegalensis ◽  
Senegalese Sole
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