Cytological and molecular analysis of wheat – Agropyron cristatum translocation lines with 6P chromosome fragments conferring superior agronomic traits in common wheat

Genome ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 840-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Song ◽  
Yuqing Lu ◽  
Jinpeng Zhang ◽  
Cuili Pan ◽  
Xinming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Sts Markers ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Translocation Lines

Agropyron cristatum (2n = 4x = 28, PPPP) is a wild relative of common wheat and confers several desirable agronomic traits to wheat, such as high grain number per spike and enhanced resistance to certain diseases. Development of wheat – A. cristatum 6P translocation lines facilitates its utilization in wheat improvement. In this study, 26 wheat – A. cristatum 6P translocation lines were characterized by in situ hybridization (ISH) and 6P-specific sequence-tagged-site (STS) markers. These translocation lines carried different 6P chromosomal segments, which covered the whole 6P chromosome. FISH results showed that 15, 5, and 6 lines were translocated onto wheat A, B, and D genomes, respectively. Compared with the previous reports, a fine physical map of 6P chromosome was constructed, consisting of 31 chromosomal bins with 255 STS markers. Twelve translocation lines containing 6PS13∼14 chromosomal bins were highly resistant to leaf rust. Two lines showed high grain number per spike, and three lines displayed both enhanced grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight. Development of wheat – A. cristatum 6P translocation lines will not only provide novel wheat germplasm for wheat breeding but also be helpful to broaden the genetic basis of common wheat.

scholarly journals Effects of Rht-B1b and Ddw1 Dwarfing Genes in Two Connecting Populations of Spring Triticale under Greenhouse Experiment Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Chernook ◽  
Pavel Kroupin ◽  
Gennady Karlov ◽  
Alexander Soloviev ◽  
Anastasiya Korshunova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Strong Decrease ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Dwarfing genes not only reduce the height of triticale plants, but also have pleiotropic effects on important agronomic traits. An important task for breeding is to evaluate the effects of gibberellin responsive (GAR) and gibberellin-insensitive (GAI) dwarfing genes in one genotype. In the greenhouse experiment, we evaluated the effects of the GAI gene Rht-B1b of wheat and the GAR gene Ddw1 of rye on height and the main agronomic traits in two connecting populations derived from crossing Ddw1 donors (cv. ‘Mudrets’ and cv. ‘Valentin 90’) with a Rht-B1b donor (cv. ‘Dublet’). The results show a strong decrease in height under the influence of Ddw1 in both populations by more than 30%. In this case, Rht-B1b in the presence of Ddw1 does not lead to a significant decrease in the height of the spring triticale; thus, this is not likely to be included in breeding programs in order to further reduce the height in the presence of Ddw1 in the spring triticale germplasm. However, Ddw1 reduces the 1000 grain weight, while Rht-B1b increases the grain number per spike and grain number per spikelet. Thus, our studies have demonstrated the negative effect of Ddw1 on spring triticale productivity of the main spike in the greenhouse experiment, which can be partially compensated by Rht-B1b.

scholarly journals New Insights Into the Introgression Between Agropyron Cristatum P Genome and Wheat Genome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Shenghui Zhou ◽  
Weihua Liu ◽  
Liqiang Song ◽  
Jinpeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wheat Genome ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Translocation Line ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Physiological Races

Abstract Agropyron cristatum (2n = 4x = 28, PPPP) is an important wild relative of common wheat and confers desirable agronomic traits to common wheat. A previous report showed that the wheat-A. cristatum 6P translocation line WAT655 carrying A. cristatum 6PS (0.81–1.00) exhibited high resistance to prevalent physiological races (CYR32 and CYR33). In this study, three disease resistance-related transcriptomes, which were mapped to A. cristatum 6PS (0.81–1.00) through the analysis of specific molecular markers, were searched from among A. cristatum full-length transcriptomes. Then, three disease resistance-related gene markers, A. cristatum P genome-specific markers, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)/genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) probes made from the DNA of three bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones, three genes, and A. cristatum “Z559” were used to analyze the BC5F2 and BC5F2:3 genetic populations of the translocation line WAT655. The results revealed the introgression can spontaneously occur between A. cristatum P genome and wheat genome, and indicated the three genes could constitute a gene cluster according to the positions of their FISH signals. Additionally, kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers of the three genes were developed to detect and acquire 24 wheat-A. cristatum breeding materials, which showed resistance to physiological races (CYR32 and CYR33) and other desirable agronomic traits according to the field investigation. In conclusion, our study not only provides new insights into the introgression between A. cristatum P genome and wheat genome, but also provides the desirable breeding materials for breeding practice.

scholarly journals Increasing The Grain Yield And Grain Protein Content of Common Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) By Introducing Missense Mutations In The Q Gene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Chen ◽  
Zhenru Guo ◽  
Xiaoli Shi ◽  
Meiqiao Wei ◽  
Yazhen Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Sequence Encoding

Abstract Grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC) are important traits for wheat breeding and production; however, they are usually negatively correlated. The Q gene is the most important domestication gene in cultivated wheat because it influences many traits, including GY and GPC. Additionally, Qc1 is an overexpressed Q allele containing a missense mutation in the microRNA172-binding site. The common wheat (Triticum aestivum) mutant S-Cp1-1, which carries Qc1, has a very high GPC and some unfavorable characteristics, including dwarfism and compact spikes, which decrease the GY. We previously suggested that missense mutations in the sequences encoding the AP2 domains of Qc1 can be exploited to enhance the agronomic performance of wheat. In this study, we characterized two new Q alleles (Qs1 and Qc1-N8). Compared with the wild-type Q allele, Qs1 contains a missense mutation in the sequence encoding the first AP2 domain, whereas Qc1-N8 has two missense mutations, one in the sequence encoding the second AP2 domain and the other in the microRNA172-binding site. The Qs1 allele did not significantly affect the GPC or other processing quality parameters, but it adversely affected the GY by decreasing the thousand kernel weight and grain number per spike. In contrast, Qc1-N8 positively affected the GPC and GY by increasing the thousand kernel weight and grain number per spike, thereby reversing the unfavorable agronomic characteristics resulting from Qc1. Thus, we generated a novel germplasm relevant for wheat breeding. Furthermore, our findings provide new information useful for enhancing cereal crops via non-transgenic approaches.

scholarly journals Identification of Genetic Loci on Chromosome 4B for Improving the Grain Number per Spike in Pre-Breeding Lines of Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Jinpeng Zhang ◽  
Qifu Yao ◽  
Ruixin Li ◽  
Yuqing Lu ◽  
Shenghui Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Rare Allele ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Large Spike ◽  
Allele Variation

The grain number per spike (GNPS) is an important yield component, and much attention is given to the increase in GNPS for current yield improvement of common wheat. Here, a panel of 259 pre-breeding lines and elite commercial varieties were collected for the investigation of 12 agronomic traits, especially for spike-related traits, with 2-year replicates. The high correlation between GNPS and kernel number per spikelet (KNS) suggested that the high GNPS trait in our pre-breeding lines was mainly controlled by grain set number per spikelet. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using the 660K SNP genotyping assay suggested that a major locus on chromosomes 4BS contributed to the high GNPS trait, which contributed to 33% and 48% of the variation in KNS and GNPS, respectively. A good diagnostic KASP marker AX-109286577 flanking the 4BS locus was developed for easy selection of the large spike trait. Taken together, the results suggested that untapped rare allele variation in our pre-breeding lines can be used for improvement of the yield component of set grain number per spike.

Development of EST Markers Specific to Agropyron cristatum Chromosome 6P in Common Wheat Background

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1791-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng DAI ◽  
Jin-Peng ZHANG ◽  
Xiao-Yang WU ◽  
Xin-Ming YANG ◽  
Xiu-Quan LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Chromosome 6P

The LARGE2-APO1/APO2 regulatory module controls panicle size and grain number in rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luojiang Huang ◽  
Kai Hua ◽  
Ran Xu ◽  
Dali Zeng ◽  
Ruci Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Hect Domain ◽  
Regulatory Module ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Meristematic Activity ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Abstract Panicle size and grain number are important agronomic traits and influence grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa), but the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying panicle size and grain number control remain largely unknown in crops. Here we report that LARGE2 encodes a HECT-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase OsUPL2 and regulates panicle size and grain number in rice. The loss of function large2 mutants produce large panicles with increased grain number, wide grains and leaves, and thick culms. LARGE2 regulates panicle size and grain number by repressing meristematic activity. LARGE2 is highly expressed in young panicles and grains. Biochemical analyses show that LARGE2 physically associates with ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION1 (APO1) and APO2, two positive regulators of panicle size and grain number, and modulates their stabilities. Genetic analyses support that LARGE2 functions with APO1 and APO2 in a common pathway to regulate panicle size and grain number. These findings reveal a novel genetic and molecular mechanism of the LARGE2-APO1/APO2 module-mediated control of panicle size and grain number in rice, suggesting that this module is a promising target for improving panicle size and grain number in crops.

scholarly journals Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9 and applications for wheat functional genomics and breeding

aBIOTECH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Ligeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Functional Annotation ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
The World ◽  
World Food Security

AbstractCommon wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the three major food crops in the world; thus, wheat breeding programs are important for world food security. Characterizing the genes that control important agronomic traits and finding new ways to alter them are necessary to improve wheat breeding. Functional genomics and breeding in polyploid wheat has been greatly accelerated by the advent of several powerful tools, especially CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology, which allows multiplex genome engineering. Here, we describe the development of CRISPR/Cas9, which has revolutionized the field of genome editing. In addition, we emphasize technological breakthroughs (e.g., base editing and prime editing) based on CRISPR/Cas9. We also summarize recent applications and advances in the functional annotation and breeding of wheat, and we introduce the production of CRISPR-edited DNA-free wheat. Combined with other achievements, CRISPR and CRISPR-based genome editing will speed progress in wheat biology and promote sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Identification of leaf rust resistance genes Lr34 and Lr46 in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum) lines of different origin using multiplex PCR

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-183
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Tomkowiak ◽  
Roksana Skowrońska ◽  
Michał Kwiatek ◽  
Julia Spychała ◽  
Dorota Weigt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Pcr Marker ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Cereal Species

Abstract Leaf rust caused by the fungus Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici is one of the most dangerous diseases of common wheat. Infections caused by fungal pathogens reduce the quantity and quality of yields of many cereal species. The most effective method to limit plant infection is to use cultivars that show rust resistance. Genetically conditioned horizontal-type resistance (racial-nonspecific) is a desirable trait because it is characterized by more stable expression compared to major (R) genes that induce racially specific resistance, often overcome by pathogens. Horizontal resistance is conditioned by the presence of slow rust genes, which include genes Lr34 and Lr46. This study aimed to identify markers linked to both genes in 64 common wheat lines and to develop multiplex PCR reaction conditions that were applied to identify both genes simultaneously. The degree of infestation of the analyzed lines was also assessed in field conditions during the growing season of 2017 and 2018. Simple sequence repeat anchored-polymerase chain reaction (SSR-PCR) marker csLV was identified during analysis in line PHR 4947. The presence of a specific sequence has also been confirmed in multiplex PCR analyses. In addition to gene Lr34, gene Lr46 was identified in this genotype. Lines PHR 4947 and PHR 4819 were characterized by the highest leaf rust resistance in field conditions. During STS-PCR analyses, the marker wmc44 of gene Lr46 was identified in most of the analyzed lines. This marker was not present in the following genotypes: PHR 4670, PHR 4800, PHR 4859, PHR 4907, PHR 4922, PHR 4949, PHR 4957, PHR 4995, and PHR 4997. The presence of a specific sequence has also been confirmed in multiplex PCR analyses. Genotypes carrying the markers of the analyzed gene showed good resistance to leaf rust in field conditions in both 2017 and 2018. Research has demonstrated that marker assisted selection (MAS) and multiplex PCR techniques are excellent tools for selecting genotypes resistant to leaf rust.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document