Genetics and molecular mapping of resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8 in rutabaga (Brassica napus var. napobrassica)

Genome ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 805-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jakir Hasan ◽  
Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Dh Population ◽  
Brassica Crops

Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a threat to the production of Brassica crops including oilseed B. napus. In Canada, several pathotypes of this pathogen, such as pathotypes 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8, were identified, and resistance to these pathotypes was found in a rutabaga (B. napus var. napobrassica) genotype. In this paper, we report the genetic basis and molecular mapping of this resistance by use of F2, backcross (BC1), and doubled haploid (DH) populations generated from crossing of this rutabaga line to a susceptible spring B. napus canola line. The F1, F2, and BC1 populations were evaluated for resistance to pathotype 3, and the DH population was evaluated for resistance to pathotypes 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8. A 3:1 segregation in F2 and a 1:1 segregation in BC1 were found for resistance to pathotype 3, and a 1:1 segregation was found in the DH population for resistance to all pathotypes. Molecular mapping by using the DH population identified a genomic region on chromosome A8 carrying resistance to all five pathotypes. This suggests that a single gene or a cluster of genes, located in this genomic region, is involved in the control of resistance to these pathotypes.

scholarly journals Identification of lncRNAs Responsive to Infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae in Clubroot-Susceptible and -Resistant Brassica napus Lines Carrying Resistance Introgressed from Rutabaga

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1360-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarohi Summanwar ◽  
Urmila Basu ◽  
Habibur Rahman ◽  
Nat Kav
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, is a major threat to the production of Brassica’ crops. Resistance to different P. brassicae pathotypes has been reported in the A genome, chromosome A08; however, the molecular mechanism of this resistance, especially the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), is not understood. We have used a strand-specific lncRNA-Seq approach to catalog lncRNAs from the roots of clubroot-susceptible and -resistant Brassica napus lines. In total, 530 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were identified, including 88% of long intergenic RNAs and 11% natural antisense transcripts. Sixteen lncRNAs were identified as target mimics of the microRNAs (miRNAs) and eight were identified as the precursors of miRNAs. KEGG pathway analysis of the DE lncRNAs showed that the cis-regulated target genes mostly belong to the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway (15%) and plant–pathogen interactions (15%) while the transregulated target genes mostly belong to carbon (18%) and amino acid biosynthesis pathway (19%). In all, 24 DE lncRNAs were identified from chromosome A08, which is known to harbor a quantitative trait locus conferring resistance to different P. brassicae pathotypes; however, eight of these lncRNAs showed expression only in the resistant plants. These results could form the basis for future studies aimed at delineating the roles of lncRNAs in plant–microbe interactions.

scholarly journals Host Range of Plasmodiophora brassicae on Cruciferous Crops and Weeds in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ren ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Fan Liu ◽  
Kunrong Chen ◽  
Chaochao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Thellungiella Salsuginea ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Soilborne Disease ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is an increasingly important soilborne disease in China. The host range of P. brassicae was investigated with 30 cruciferous plants, including 16 crop species, 9 ornamentals, and 5 weeds in field and pot-cultured conditions. In the field, 17 species from five genera produced visible galls, and these included radish, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Orychophragmus violaceus, Sinapis alba, and 13 Brassica crops. In pot-cultured conditions, an additional 13 plant species (11 genera) were determined to be hosts of P. brassicae. Five common weeds were found to be hosts of P. brassicae, including C. bursa-pastoris, Lepidium apetalum, Descurainia sophia, S. alba, and Thellungiella salsuginea. The infection of these plants was confirmed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific to P. brassicae. No galls were found on Matthiola incana roots in the field or in pots and no resting spores of P. brassicae were observed in M. incana roots, although P. brassicae was detected in M. incana roots via PCR. Microscopic examination revealed infection only in the root hairs of M. incana roots. These results suggested that M. incana was highly resistant to P. brassicae in China and could be developed as a bait crop. In total, 297 accessions of oilseed rape were tested in the field, and 3 accessions of Brassica napus and 1 accession of B. juncea were found to be highly resistant to clubroot disease. These resistant resources provide options for managing clubroot in P. brassicae-infested fields.

Seed treatment of canola (Brassica napus) with the endomycorrhizal fungus Piriformospora indica does not reduce clubroot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Sedaghatkish ◽  
Bruce D. Gossen ◽  
Mary Ruth McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Piriformospora Indica ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Important Disease

A Basidiomycete endomycorrhizal fungus, Piriformospora indica, colonizes and promotes the growth of canola and other Brassica crops, and can reduce diseases of other crops. Clubroot is an important disease of Bbrassica crops caused by the obligate, soil-borne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. The effect of P. indica on clubroot severity in canola was assessed in replicated growth room studies. Seed was treated with P. indica using a proprietary process. Microscopic observation confirmed that canola roots grown from treated seed were colonized by P. indica. However, P. indica did not consistently reduce clubroot severity and did not promote the growth of canola.

scholarly journals Suppression of Canola (Brassica napus) Resistance by Virulent Isolates of Plasmodiophora brassicae (Clubroot) During Primary Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
Junye Jiang ◽  
Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov ◽  
Sheau-Fang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Positive Controls

The planting of clubroot resistant (CR) canola (Brassica napus) is the most effective method to manage clubroot. Since 2013, many Plasmodiophora brassicae isolates capable of overcoming resistance have been detected, often in mixtures with avirulent isolates. To improve understanding of the effect of low concentrations of virulent isolates on host resistance, three CR canola cultivars (45H29, L135C, and L241C) were inoculated with pairs of isolates representing virulent/avirulent pathotypes (2*/2, 3*/3, and 5*/5) collected after or before the introduction of CR canola, respectively. Seven-day-old seedlings of each cultivar were incubated for 2 days in low concentrations (1 × 103 spores/ml) of the virulent isolates, followed by a second inoculation with a high concentration (1 × 107 spores/ml) of the avirulent isolates. Positive controls comprised seedlings inoculated with low concentrations of the virulent isolates followed by high concentrations of the virulent isolates (PC1) or only with high concentrations of virulent isolates (PC2). Negative controls comprised seedlings inoculated only with high concentrations of the avirulent isolates (NC1) or only with low concentrations of the virulent isolates (NC2). Clubroot severity was significantly higher in all nine experimental treatments (low virulent plus high avirulent) than in the negative control NC1 (high avirulent) but was lower in the experimental treatments than in the positive controls (PC1 and PC2). Low concentrations of virulent isolates alone (NC2) caused moderate clubroot. Disease severity correlated well with P. brassicae biomass in canola as determined by quantitative PCR analysis 28 to 35 days after inoculation. This study revealed that low concentrations of virulent isolates compromised canola resistance for infection by avirulent isolates.

scholarly journals Identification of Micro Ribonucleic Acids and Their Targets in Response to Plasmodiophora brassicae Infection in Brassica napus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Nadil Shah ◽  
Xueqing Zhou ◽  
Huiying Wang ◽  
Wenlin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Mirna Target ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Hypersensitive Cell Death ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids

Clubroot disease, which is caused by the soil-borne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae War (P. brassicae), is one of the oldest and most destructive diseases of Brassica and cruciferous crops in the world. Plant microRNAs [micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs)] play important regulatory roles in several developmental processes. Although the role of plant miRNAs in plant-microbe interaction has been extensively studied, there are only few reports on the specific functions of miRNAs in response to P. brassicae. This study investigated the roles of miRNAs and their targets during P. brassicae infection in a pair of Brassica napus near-isogenic lines (NILs), namely clubroot-resistant line 409R and clubroot-susceptible line 409S. Small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) and degradome-seq were performed on root samples of 409R and 409S with or without P. brassicae inoculation. sRNA-seq identified a total of 48 conserved and 72 novel miRNAs, among which 18 had a significant differential expression in the root of 409R, while only one miRNA was differentially expressed in the root of 409S after P. brassicae inoculation. The degradome-seq analysis identified 938 miRNA target transcripts, which are transcription factors, enzymes, and proteins involved in multiple biological processes and most significantly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Between 409R and 409S, we found eight different degradation pathways in response to P. brassicae infection, such as those related to fatty acids. By combining published transcriptome data, we identified a total of six antagonistic miRNA-target pairs in 409R that are responsive to P. brassicae infection and involved in pathways associated with root development, hypersensitive cell death, and chloroplast metabolic synthesis. Our results reveal that P. brassicae infection leads to great changes in miRNA pool and target transcripts. More interestingly, these changes are different between 409R and 409S. Clarification of the crosstalk between miRNAs and their targets may shed new light on the possible mechanisms underlying the pathogen resistance against P. brassicae.

Molecular mapping of resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Australian cultivars of Brassica napus

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mayerhofer ◽  
A. G. Good ◽  
V. K. Bansal ◽  
M. R. Thiagarajah ◽  
G. R. Stringam
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Dh Population ◽  
Dna Mapping ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Blackleg Fungus

Doubled haploid (DH) lines together with a cotyledon bioassay were employed for the molecular analysis of resistance to the blackleg fungus Leptosphaeria maculans in the Australian Brassica napus cultivars Shiralee and Maluka. We used bulked segregant analysis to identify 13 RAPD and two RFLP markers linked to the resistance phenotype and mapped these markers in the segregating DH population. Our data suggest the presence of a single major locus controlling resistance in the cultivar Shiralee, confirming our previous results obtained from Mendelian genetic analyses. In addition, preliminary mapping data for the cultivar Maluka also support a single locus model for resistance and indicate that the resistance genes from 'Shiralee' and 'Maluka' are either linked or possibly identical. The molecular markers identified in this study should be a useful tool for breeding blackleg resistant varieties using marker-assisted selection, and are the essential first step towards the map-based cloning of this resistance gene.Key words: blackleg, Leptosphaeria maculans, Brassica napus, DNA mapping, disease resistance.

scholarly journals Soil microbiota influences clubroot disease by modulating Plasmodiophora brassicae and Brassica napus transcriptomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1648-1672
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Daval ◽  
Kévin Gazengel ◽  
Arnaud Belcour ◽  
Juliette Linglin ◽  
Anne‐Yvonne Guillerm‐Erckelboudt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Soil Microbiota

scholarly journals Clubroot resistance derived from the European Brassica napus cv. ‘Tosca’ is not effective against virulent Plasmodiophora brassicae isolates from Alberta, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman ◽  
Sheau-Fang Hwang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Igor Falak ◽  
Xiuqiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Spring Canola ◽  
The Common ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AbstractIn this study, clubroot resistance in the resynthesized European winter Brassica napus cv. ‘Tosca’ was introgressed into a Canadian spring canola line ‘11SR0099’, which was then crossed with the clubroot susceptible spring line ‘12DH0001’ to produce F1 seeds. The F1 plants were used to develop a doubled haploid (DH) mapping population. The parents and the DH lines were screened against ‘old’ pathotypes 2F, 3H, 5I, 6M and 8N of the clubroot pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae, as well as against the ‘new’ pathotypes 5X, 5L, 2B, 3A, 3D, 5G, 8E, 5C, 8J, 5K, 3O and 8P. Genotyping was conducted using a Brassica 15K SNP array. The clubroot screening showed that ‘Tosca, ‘11SR0099’ and the resistant DH lines were resistant to three (2F, 3H and 5I) of the five ‘old’ pathotypes and four (2B, 3O, 8E and 8P) of the 12 ‘new’ pathotypes, while being moderately resistant to the ‘old’ pathotype 8N and the ‘new’ pathotypes 3D and 5G. ‘Tosca’ was susceptible to isolates representing pathotype 3A (the most common among the ‘new’ pathotypes) as well as pathotypes 6M, 5X, 5L, 5K and 8J. Linkage analysis and QTL mapping identified a ca. 0.88–0.95 Mb genomic region on the A03 chromosome of ‘Tosca’ as conferring resistance to pathotypes 2F, 3H, 5I, 2B, 3D, 5G, 8E, 3O and 8P. The identified QTL genomic region housed the CRk, Crr3 and CRd gene(s). However, the susceptibility of ‘Tosca’ to most of the common virulent pathotypes makes it unattractive as a sole CR donor in the breeding of commercial canola varieties in western Canada.

scholarly journals Clubroot Symptoms and Resting Spore Production in a Doubled Haploid Population of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) Are Controlled by Four Main QTLs

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Botero-Ramírez ◽  
Anne Laperche ◽  
Solenn Guichard ◽  
Mélanie Jubault ◽  
Antoine Gravot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Resting Spore ◽  
Monogenic Resistance ◽  
Pathogen Fitness ◽  
Haploid Population

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, is one of the most important diseases of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The rapid erosion of monogenic resistance in clubroot-resistant (CR) varieties underscores the need to diversify resistance sources controlling disease severity and traits related to pathogen fitness, such as resting spore production. The genetic control of disease index (DI) and resting spores per plant (RSP) was evaluated in a doubled haploid (DH) population consisting of 114 winter oilseed rape lines, obtained from the cross ‘Aviso’ × ‘Montego,’ inoculated with P. brassicae isolate “eH.” Linkage analysis allowed the identification of three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling DI (PbBn_di_A02, PbBn_di_A04, and PbBn_di_C03). A significant decrease in DI was observed when combining effects of the three resistance alleles at these QTLs. Only one QTL, PbBn_rsp_C03, was found to control RSP, reducing resting spore production by 40%. PbBn_rsp_C03 partially overlapped with PbBn_di_C03 in a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene-containing region. Consideration of both DI and RSP in breeding for clubroot resistance is recommended for the long-term management of this disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document