Identification of quantitative trait loci for cadmium accumulation and distribution in rice (Oryza sativa)

Genome ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Feng Yan ◽  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Kyu-Jong Lee ◽  
Moon Young Kim ◽  
Suk-Ha Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Grain Distribution ◽  
Cd Distribution ◽  
Positive Correlations

Cadmium (Cd) poses a serious risk to human health due to its biological concentration through the food chain. To date, information on genetic and molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation and distribution in rice remains to be elucidated. We developed an independent F7 RIL population derived from a cross between two japonica cultivars with contrasting Cd levels, ‘Suwon490’ and ‘SNU-SG1’, for QTLs identification of Cd accumulation and distribution. ‘Suwon490’ accumulated five times higher Cd in grain than ‘SNU-SG1’. Large genotypic variations in Cd accumulation (17-fold) and concentration (12-fold) in grain were found among RILs. Significant positive correlations between Cd accumulation in grain with shoot Cd accumulation and shoot to grain distribution ratio of Cd signify that both shoot Cd accumulation and shoot to grain Cd distribution regulate Cd accumulation in japonica rice grain. A total of five main effect QTLs (scc10 for shoot Cd accumulation; gcc3, gcc9, gcc11 for grain Cd accumulation; and sgr5 for shoot to grain distribution ratio) were detected in chromosomes 10, 3, 9, 11, and 5, respectively. Of these, the novel potential QTL sgr5 has the strongest effect on shoot to grain Cd distribution. In addition, two digenic epistatic interaction QTLs were identified, suggesting the substantial contribution of nonallelic genes in genetic control of these Cd-related traits.

scholarly journals Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Chiao ◽  
Bo-Ching Chen ◽  
Chien-Hui Syu ◽  
Kai-Wei Juang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Cd Distribution ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Background Genotypic variations are seen in cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to Cd absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight Taiwan mega cultivars of paddy rice: japonica (TY3, TK9, TNG71, and KH145 cultivars), indica (TCS10 and TCS17 cultivars), and glutinous (TKW1 and TKW3 cultivars), which are qualified with the criteria for rice grain quality by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, were used for illustration. An experiment in hydroponics was conducted for the rice seedlings with a treatment of 50 μM CdCl 2 for 7 days. Results and discussion After the Cd treatment, the reductions in shoot growth were more significant than those in root growth; however, Cd absorbed in the rice plant was sequestered much more in the root. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was preferentially accumulated in rice root but the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) was increased more significantly in the shoot; the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were pronounced more in rice shoot. Conclusions The rice cultivars preferentially accumulated Cd in the root rather than the shoot with the Cd treatment, which resulted in significant enhancements of MDA and growth reductions in the root. However, H 2 O 2 accumulation was toward the shoot to retard shoot growth suddenly and then the root could keep a gradual growth. Also, the rice cultivars, which preferentially accumulate Cd in the root, would have the regulation tendency of SOD toward the shoot. Due to that SOD is responsible for H 2 O 2 production, H 2 O 2 accumulation would be thus toward the shoot. Moreover, the cultivars, which have a less regulation tendency of APX toward the shoot, would present higher translocation of Cd into the shoot.

scholarly journals Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Chiao ◽  
Bo-Ching Chen ◽  
Chien-Hui Syu ◽  
Kai-Wei Juang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Cd Distribution ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Background Genotypic variations are seen in Cd tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to cadmium (Cd) absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight Taiwan mega cultivars of paddy rice: japonica (TY3, TK9, TNG71, and KH145 cultivars), indica (TCS10 and TCS17 cultivars), and glutinous (TKW1 and TKW3 cultivars), which are qualified with the criteria for rice grain quality by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, were used for illustration. An experiment in hydroponics was conducted for the rice seedlings with a treatment of 50 µM CdCl2 for 7 days. Results and discussion After the Cd treatment, the reductions in shoot growth were more significant than those in root growth; however, Cd absorbed in the rice plant was sequestered much more in the root. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was preferentially accumulated in rice root but the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased more significantly in the shoot; the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were pronounced more in rice shoot. Conclusions The rice cultivars preferentially accumulated Cd in the root rather than the shoot with the Cd treatment, which resulted in significant enhancements of MDA and growth reductions in the root. However, H2O2 accumulation was toward the shoot to retard shoot growth suddenly and then the root could keep a gradual growth. Also, the rice cultivars, which preferentially accumulate Cd in the root, would have the regulation tendency of SOD toward the shoot. Due to that SOD is responsible for H2O2 production, H2O2 accumulation would be thus toward the shoot. Also, the cultivars, which have a less regulation tendency of APX toward the shoot, would present higher translocation of Cd into the shoot.

scholarly journals Transporters and ascorbate–glutathione metabolism for differential cadmium accumulation and tolerance in two contrasting willow genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojiao Han ◽  
Yunxing Zhang ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Dong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Metal Transporter ◽  
Salix Matsudana ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Iron Regulated Transporter ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Salix matsudana Koidz is a low cadmium (Cd)-accumulating willow, whereas its cultivated variety, Salix matsudana var. matsudana f. umbraculifera Rehd., is a high Cd-accumulating and tolerant willow (HCW). The physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying differential Cd accumulation and tolerance in the two Salix species are poorly understood. Here, we confirmed that the differential Cd translocation capacity from roots to the shoots leads to the differential Cd accumulation in their aboveground parts between these two willow genotypes. Cadmium accumulation happens preferentially in the transport pathway, and Cd is mainly located in the vacuolar, cell wall and intercellular space in HCW bark by cadmium location analysis at tissue and subcellular levels. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that higher expressions of several metal transporter genes (ATP-binding cassette transporters, K+ transporters/channels, yellow stripe-like proteins, zinc-regulated transporter/iron-regulated transporter-like proteins, etc.) are involved in root uptake and translocation capacity in HCW; meanwhile, ascorbate–glutathione metabolic pathways play essential roles in Cd detoxification and higher tolerance of the Cd-accumulator HCW. These results lay the foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation in woody plants and provide new insights into molecular-assisted-screening woody plant varieties for phytoremediation.

scholarly journals Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Chiao ◽  
Bo-Ching Chen ◽  
Chien-Hui Syu ◽  
Kai-Wei Juang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Cd Distribution ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Background Genotypic variations are seen in cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to Cd absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight Taiwan mega cultivars of paddy rice: japonica (TY3, TK9, TNG71, and KH145 cultivars), indica (TCS10 and TCS17 cultivars), and glutinous (TKW1 and TKW3 cultivars), which are qualified with the criteria for rice grain quality by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, were used for illustration. An experiment in hydroponics was conducted for the rice seedlings with a treatment of 50 μM CdCl2 for 7 days. Results and discussion After the Cd treatment, the reductions in shoot growth were more significant than those in root growth; however, Cd absorbed in the rice plant was sequestered much more in the root. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was preferentially accumulated in rice root but the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased more significantly in the shoot; the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were pronounced more in rice shoot. Conclusions The rice cultivars preferentially accumulated Cd in the root rather than the shoot with the Cd treatment, which resulted in significant enhancements of MDA and growth reductions in the root. However, H2O2 accumulation was toward the shoot to retard shoot growth suddenly and then the root could keep a gradual growth. Also, the rice cultivars, which preferentially accumulate Cd in the root, would have the regulation tendency of SOD toward the shoot. Due to that SOD is responsible for H2O2 production, H2O2 accumulation would be thus toward the shoot. Moreover, the cultivars, which have a less regulation tendency of APX toward the shoot, would present higher translocation of Cd into the shoot.

scholarly journals Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Chiao ◽  
Bo-Ching Chen ◽  
Chien-Hui Syu ◽  
Kai-Wei Juang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Cd Distribution ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Background: Genotypic variations are seen in cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to Cd absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight Taiwan mega cultivars of paddy rice: japonica (TY3, TK9, TNG71, and KH145 cultivars), indica (TCS10 and TCS17 cultivars), and glutinous (TKW1 and TKW3 cultivars), which are qualified with the criteria for rice grain quality by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, were used for illustration. An experiment in hydroponics was conducted for the rice seedlings with a treatment of 50 μM CdCl2 for 7 days. Results and discussion: After the Cd treatment, the reductions in shoot growth were more significant than those in root growth; however, Cd absorbed in the rice plant was sequestered much more in the root. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was preferentially accumulated in rice root but the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased more significantly in the shoot; the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were pronounced more in rice shoot. Conclusions: The rice cultivars preferentially accumulated Cd in the root rather than the shoot with the Cd treatment, which resulted in significant enhancements of MDA and growth reductions in the root. However, H2O2 accumulation was toward the shoot to retard shoot growth suddenly and then the root could keep a gradual growth. Also, the rice cultivars, which preferentially accumulate Cd in the root, would have the regulation tendency of SOD toward the shoot. Due to that SOD is responsible for H2O2 production, H2O2 accumulation would be thus toward the shoot. Moreover, the cultivars, which have a less regulation tendency of APX toward the shoot, would present higher translocation of Cd into the shoot.

scholarly journals The Rho-family GTPase OsRac1 controls rice grain size and yield by regulating cell division

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (32) ◽  
pp. 16121-16126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Renyi Liu ◽  
Hong-Wei Xue ◽  
Zhenbiao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rop Gtpase ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Grain Width

Grain size is a key factor for determining grain yield in crops and is a target trait for both domestication and breeding, yet the mechanisms underlying the regulation of grain size are largely unclear. Here we show that the grain size and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) is positively regulated by ROP GTPase (Rho-like GTPase from plants), a versatile molecular switch modulating plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. Overexpression of rice OsRac1ROP not only increases cell numbers, resulting in a larger spikelet hull, but also accelerates grain filling rate, causing greater grain width and weight. As a result, OsRac1 overexpression improves grain yield in O. sativa by nearly 16%. In contrast, down-regulation or deletion of OsRac1 causes the opposite effects. RNA-seq and cell cycle analyses suggest that OsRac1 promotes cell division. Interestingly, OsRac1 interacts with and regulates the phosphorylation level of OsMAPK6, which is known to regulate cell division and grain size in rice. Thus, our findings suggest OsRac1 modulates rice grain size and yield by influencing cell division. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of rice grain size and suggests that OsRac1 could serve as a potential target gene for breeding high-yield crops.

scholarly journals Genetic Basis Dissection for Eating and Cooking Qualities of Japonica Rice in Northeast China

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Yaolong Yang ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Mengchen Zhang ◽  
Qun Xu ◽  
Yue Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Expression Pattern Analysis ◽  
Gel Consistency

The japonica rice in Northeast China is famous because of its high quality. Eating and cooking qualities (ECQs) are the most important factors that determine cooked rice quality. However, the genetic basis of ECQ of japonica varieties in Northeast China needs further study. In this study, 200 japonica varieties that are widely distributed in Northeast China were collected to evaluate the physicochemical indices of grain ECQs. The distribution of each trait was concentrated without large variations. Correlation analysis indicated that gel consistency (GC) had a significantly negative correlation with gelatinization temperature (GT). By integrating various analyses including kinship calculation, principal component analysis (PCA), linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, and original parent investigation, we found that the japonica varieties in Northeast China exhibited a narrow genetic basis. An association study for grain ECQs was performed and eight quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected. ALK was the major locus that regulated GT and also significantly affecting GC. Through the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and expression pattern analysis, one possible candidate gene (LOC_Os02g29980) was predicted and required further research for validation. Additionally, a different allele of Wx was identified in the variety CH4126, and ALK was not fixed in these japonica varieties. These results further elucidate the genetic basis of ECQs of japonica varieties in Northeast China and provide local breeders some assistance for improving ECQs of rice grain in rice breeding.

Soil amendments with ZnSO4 or MnSO4 are effective at reducing Cd accumulation in rice grain: An application of the voltaic cell principle

2021 ◽  
pp. 118650
Author(s):  
Hui Huang ◽  
Zhi-Xian Tang ◽  
Hong-Yuan Qi ◽  
Xiao-Tong Ren ◽  
Fang-Jie Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Voltaic Cell

Abstract 16005: Highly Efficient Derivation of Human Pacemaker Cells From Pluripotent Stem Cells in Chemically Defined Conditions

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaniar Ghazizadeh ◽  
Seyedeh Faranak Fattahi ◽  
Mehdi Sharifi-tabar ◽  
Shahab Mirshahvaladi ◽  
Parisa Shabani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Cardiac Conduction System ◽  
Pacemaker Cells

The cardiac conduction system is a complex network of cells that together orchestrate the rhythmic and coordinated depolarization of the heart. Dysfunction of the cardiac conduction system plays a central role in the pathogenesis of arrhythmia. While much progress has been made understanding cardiomyocyte differentiation, the molecular mechanisms regulating the specification and patterning of cells that form this conductive network is largely unknown. The LIM-homeodomain transcription factor ISL1 is highly expressed in the secondary heart field (SHF) progenitor population that makes a substantial contribution to the developing heart, comprising most cells in the right ventricle, both atria and pacemaker cells. Pacemaker cells comprise the most proximal component of the cardiac conduction system, which have been proposed as the source of most arrhythmogenic events. Their dominance on other spontaneous beating cell types makes them a suitable target for pharmacologic compounds, making access to this cell lineage necessary for the study of new therapeutic agents. To identify the signaling pathways that control the differentiation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived SHF cells into pacemaker cells, we performed RNA sequencing to compare the hESC-derived ISL1 + population, non-enriched population and undifferentiated hESCs. Furthermore, using a small molecule screen we identified compounds that can improve differentiation of hESCs toward pacemaker cells. Pathway analysis identified the Wnt pathway as the most significant regulator of SHF specification. Further differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells by stage-specific activation of BMP and WNT signaling pathways resulted in phenotypic pacemaker cells, which display morphological characteristics. More than 80% of these cells stained positively for HCN4, Contactin2(CNTN2) and GATA6, key markers of pacemaker cells. The differentiated cells express pacemaker markers, including CNTN2, TBX2, TBX3, HCN4, TBX18, GATA6 indicated by qRT-PCR. They show inward potassium currents through HCN channels in patch clamp experiments. Our data provides a new strategy to obtain human cardiac conduction cells in large scale for disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapy.

scholarly journals Natural variation in the promoter of OsHMA3 contributes to differential grain cadmium accumulation between Indica and Japonica rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao‐Lei Liu ◽  
Zhen‐Yu Gao ◽  
Lian‐Guang Shang ◽  
Chang‐Hong Yang ◽  
Ban‐Pu Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Grain Cadmium
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