High resolution map around the vrs1 locus controlling two- and six-rowed spike in barley, Hordeum vulgare

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Komatsuda ◽  
Wenbin Li ◽  
Fumio Takaiwa ◽  
Seibi Oka
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Linkage Data ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Lateral Spikelet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Resolution Map

The vrs1 (formerly v) locus in the long arm of chromosome 2H controls lateral spikelet development in barley. The vrs1 locus was mapped by backcross-derived lines that consisted of 373 BC7F1 plants and 278 BC6F2 plants. The linkage study indicated that MWG801, CMNA-38/700, cMWG699, vrs1 and MWG865 exist in the order listed, with map distances of 3.1, 0.4, 0.1, and 0.9 centimorgans (cM), respectively. Recombination in female and male meiocytes showed no significant difference within this region. In a neighboring region between MWG865 and MWG503, the recombination frequency was higher in female than male meiocytes in one mapping population. The combined linkage data obtained from this study were compared with published data, and genotype-specific suppression of crossing-over was not evident in the vrs1 region.Key words: vrs1 locus (two- vs. six-rowed), molecular marker, recombination, backcross, Hordeum vulgare.

scholarly journals Linkage relationships of markers on chromosome 17 of the house mouse

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graig Hammerberg ◽  
Jan Klein
Keyword(s):  
House Mouse ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Linkage Data ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
The Right ◽  
Linkage Relationships ◽  
Important Marker

SUMMARYLinkage data for the following markers on chromosome 17 of the house mouse were obtained: centromere (marked by translocation R67), Brachyury (T), tufted (tf), H-2, and thin fur (thf). The markers were found to be arranged in that order in the genetic map and the combined genetic distances between individual markers were found to be as follows: Rb7…T, 4·5 cM; T…tf, 5·8 cM; tf…H-2, 5·0 cM; H-2…thf, 15·1 cM. The localization of the thf locus on the non-centromeric side of the H-2 complex provides an important marker for this arm of chromosome 17. The map distances in the centromeric portion of chromosome 17 changed drastically in the presence of various t factors. These factors strongly reduce the recombination frequency in the T…tf and tf…H-2 intervals and this crossing-over suppression is most likely responsible for the linkage disequilibrium between t and H-2 reported earlier. Recombinants involving a t chromosome but occurring to the right of the H-2 complex do not change the properties of t factors suggesting that all determinants responsible for the t phenotype are located in the chromosomal region between T and tf (H-2).

scholarly journals Chromosome 21 non-disjunction and Down syndrome birth in an Indian cohort: analysis of incidence and aetiology from family linkage data

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUJOY GHOSH ◽  
PRANAMI BHAUMIK ◽  
PRIYANKA GHOSH ◽  
SUBRATA KUMAR DEY
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chromosome 21 ◽  
Linkage Data ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Significant Difference

SummaryWe analysed the family linkage data obtained from short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping of 212 unrelated Indian families having a single Down syndrome (DS) baby each, in order to explore the incidence and aetiology of this human aneuploidy in our cohort. The estimated values of maternal meiotic I and meiotic II non-disjunction (NDJ) errors of chromosome 21 (Ch 21) were ~78 and ~22%, respectively. Within the paternal outcome group, about 47 and 53% were accounted for NDJ at meiosis I and meiosis II, respectively. We estimated only ~2% post-zygotic mitotic errors. The comparison of average age of conception between controls and DS-bearing mothers revealed a significant difference (P<0·001) with DS-bearing women were on an average older than controls and meiotic II non-disjoined mothers were oldest among meiotic outcome groups. Our linkage analysis suggested an overall reduction in recombination by more than 50% on meiotic I non-disjoined maternal Ch 21 with error prone to susceptible chiasma formation within the ~5·1 kbp segment near the telomeric end. We stratified meiotic I non-disjoined women in three age groups, viz. young (⩽28 years), middle (29–34 years) and old (⩾35 years) and found linear decrease in the frequency of achiasmate meiosis from the young to the old group. In contrary, a linear increase in the multiple chiasma frequency from the young to the old group was observed. Considering these results together, we propose that the risk factors for Ch 21 NDJ are of two types, one being ‘maternal age-independent’ and the other being ‘maternal age-dependent’. Moreover, a comparison of our present Indian dataset with that of other published data of ethnically different populations suggested that the genetics that underlies the NDJ of Ch 21 is probably universal irrespective of racial difference across human populations. The present study is the first population-based report on any DS cohort from the Indian subcontinent and our work will help future workers in understanding better the aetiology of this birth defect.

Genetic Recombination in Coprinus

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-678
Author(s):  
B. C. LU
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Synaptinemal Complex ◽  
Before And After

The frequency of genetic recombination in Coprinus lagopus may be modified by heat and cold shock. By removal of samples from a fruiting body before and after temperature treatment, it is possible to study the ultrastructure of chromosomes at the time recombination frequency (between den+ x +me-1) can be modified. The sensitive period for temperature effects and, therefore, probably the time of crossing over, commences with the formation of the synaptinemal complex (S.C.) and ends with its disappearance, i.e. during the entire existence of the S.C. It is concluded that recombination is an event subsequent to the formation of the S.C. and is independent of the process of its formation. It is suggested that the event takes place at the synaptic centre.

scholarly journals Nutritional and micronutrient status of adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan: A cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Hyder M. Mahgoub ◽  
Omar E. Fadlelseed ◽  
Ammar H. Khamis ◽  
Jalal A. Bilal ◽  
Ishag Adam
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
More Care ◽  
Eastern Sudan

Background: Adolescents, especially girls, are susceptible to malnutrition and their diet must be adequate to support their very rapid growth and development. Currently, there is little published data on the nutritional state amongst adolescent girls in Sudan. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the nutritional and micronutrient status of adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan during the period of January-February 2015. Weight and height were measured using standard methods. Haemoglobin and ferritin levels were measured using blood samples, and blood films for malaria and stool samples for Schistosoma mansoni were investigated. Nutritional status was assessed according to the WHO 2006 reference values. Copper and zinc concentrations were measured by atomic absorption. Results: Twenty-five (13.7%) out of 183 girls were stunted. Seventy (38.3%) were thin; 17.5, 9.3 and 11.5% had mild, moderate and severe thinness, respectively. Only 10 (5.5%) and six (3.3%) girls were overweight and obese, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was 77.0%. While there was no significant difference in the haemoglobin, ferritin, copper levels and thinness; thin children had significantly lower zinc (P=0.007). Conclusions: There is a high rate of stunting, thinness and anaemia among adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan. More care has to be taken in order to provide a better nutrition status in the area.

scholarly journals Meiotic mutants tomatoes with desynaptic phenotype

1970 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
T. P. Lisovska
Keyword(s):  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Recessive Character ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Meiotic Mutants ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Meiotic Mutations ◽  
Premature Removal

Aim. A comparative analysis of the cytological manifestation in the meiosis of six meiotic mutants was carried out. Methods. Buds with anthers 2–3 mm long fixed in ethanol: glacial acetic acid in a ratio of 3:1, were stored in 70 % ethanol, stained with acetocarmine. For cytology preparations prepared pressure anthers at various stages of meiosis. Pollen fertility was determined by staining with acetocarmine. Results. Meiotic mutations tomato dsm1, dsm2, dsm3, as1, as5 and asb not affect the vegetative growth of plants, but have low fertility of pollen and number of seeds in the fruit. They are similar cytological manifestation. The beginning of meiosis occurred apparently normal, as violations of premature decay bivalent observed since diplotenе. Chiasma frequencies in pollen mother cells ranged from 8.13 to dsm3 / dsm3 to 6.73 in asb / asb. All investigated mutations revealed monogenic recessive character of inheritance. Mutations as1, as5 and asb and dsm2 are not allelic to each other. The mutation dsm1 appeared allelic to mutations dsm2 and asb. Conclusions. Investigated meiotic mutations failure of chiasma maintenance in the pollen mother cells with varying degrees of desynapsis. Based on the fact that the previously published data did not reveal a reduction in the recombination frequency in marked areas of the genome, we anticipate premature removal of cohesin that hold sister chromatids distal chiasmata.Keywords: meiosis, meiotic mutants, sister chromatids cohesion, premature separation of the bivalents, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

Lack of Oncological Benefit from Bursectomy in Radical Gastrectomy: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Garg ◽  
Ashish Jakhetiya ◽  
Kiran Kalyan Turaga ◽  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
Andreas Brandl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Radical Gastrectomy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Omental Bursa ◽  
Meta Analyses

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Resection of the omental bursa has been suggested to reduce peritoneal recurrence and facilitate a complete oncological resection during a gastrectomy. The addition of this procedure increases technical complexity and prolongs the procedure. Published data regarding the oncological benefit of this procedure are conflicting. We hypothesized that a bursectomy during a radical gastrectomy does not improve overall survival. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline, a comprehensive literature search of 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) was conducted to identify the clinical studies that compared bursectomy with no-bursectomy in radical gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma. Qualitative and quantitative data synthesis was performed using RevMan software. A random-/fixed-effect modeling was used depending upon the heterogeneity. Bias and quality assessment tools were applied. The study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42019116556). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 8 studies assessing the role of bursectomy in gastric adenocarcinoma, 6 (75%) were included – of which 2 (33%) are randomized controlled trials. Of 2,904 patients, 1,273 (%) underwent a bursectomy. There was no statistically significant difference in either overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.89, 95% CI 0.75–1.06, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 14%) or disease recurrence (HR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.84–1.20, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 22%) in the bursectomy group compared to the no-bursectomy group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> There is no additional oncological benefit of adding bursectomy to radical gastrectomy in all patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.

Incidental uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in the prostate gland

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (06) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sadeghi ◽  
L. Giovanella ◽  
G. Treglia ◽  
F. Bertagna
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

SummaryAim: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data on the prevalence and risk of malignancy of pros- tatic incidental uptake (PIU) detected by flu- orine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/computed tomography (PET/CT). Patients, material, methods: A comprehensive literature search of studies published up to February 2014 was performed. Pooled prevalence and malignancy risk of PIU were calculated on a per patient-based analysis including 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Furthermore, we assessed some parameters as potential predictors of malignant PIU. Results: Six studies including 47925 patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT were selected. Pooled prevalence of PIU was 1.8% (95%CI: 1.3–2.3%). Overall, 444 patients with PIU were further evaluated and 121 underwent biopsy. The pooled risk of malignancy in patients with PIU further evaluated or verified by biopsy were 17% (95%CI: 12–23%) and 62% (95%CI: 54–71%), respectively. A higher mean age was observed in the group of malignant PIUs compared to benign PIUs. There was a trend towards a higher mean SUVmax in the group of malignant PIUs but without a statistically significant difference compared to benign PIUs. Peripheric site of PIU but not presence or absence of calcification was a predictor of malignancy. Conclusions: PIU is observed in about 1.8% of 18F-FDG PET/CT scans performed in male patients carrying a significant risk of malignancy. Therefore, whenever a PIU is detected further investigation is warranted to exclude malignancy, in particular when PIU is located in the peripheric site of prostate gland.

Effect of Muscle Activation on the Gravity Stress View in Unstable Weber B Ankle Fractures

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1342-1346
Author(s):  
Kimberly K. Broughton ◽  
Caroline Williams ◽  
Christopher P. Miller ◽  
Kristen Stupay ◽  
John Y. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Ankle Fractures ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Distal Fibula ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: In the setting of apparently isolated distal fibula fractures, the gravity stress view (GSV) is a validated method to determine mortise stability. There is currently no published data evaluating whether dynamic muscle activation can reduce an unstable mortise. If patients with instability can overcome gravity, resultant images could yield false-negative results. The goal of this investigation was to determine if patient effort can influence medial clear space (MCS) measurements in proven unstable bimalleolar-equivalent ankle fractures. Methods: Patients presenting with Weber B fibula fractures were assessed for mortise stability using the GSV. If the GSV demonstrated instability based on MCS widening >4 mm, 3 additional views were performed: GSV with an assistant maintaining the ankle in a neutral position; GSV with the patient actively dorsiflexing to neutral; and GSV with the patient actively dorsiflexing and supinating the foot. Twenty-four consecutive patients met inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 48.7 (range, 22-85) years. Fifteen patients (62.5%) were female and 9 (37.5%) were male. The laterality was evenly divided. Results: The mean MCS was 5.8 ± 2.0 6.0 ± 2.6, and 6.2 ± 2.7 mm for the manual assist, active dorsiflexion, and active supination radiograph measurement groups, respectively ( P = .434). Only 5 of 24 subjects had any measurable decrease in their MCS with active supination, with a maximum change of 1.2 mm. The remainder of the patients had an increase in MCS ranging from 0.1 to 4.0 mm. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between measurement states indicating that muscle activation is unlikely to yield a false-negative result on GSV. Mortise instability, secondary to deep deltoid injury in the presence of gravity stress, is unlikely to be actively overcome by dynamic stabilizers, supporting the validity and specificity of the GSV. Level of Evidence: Level III, prospective study.

Population genetics and phylogenetic analysis of the vrs1 nucleotide sequence in wild and cultivated barley

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xifeng Ren ◽  
Yonggang Wang ◽  
Songxian Yan ◽  
Dongfa Sun ◽  
Genlou Sun
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Lateral Spikelet ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Barley Population

Spike morphology is a key characteristic in the study of barley genetics, breeding, and domestication. Variation at the six-rowed spike 1 (vrs1) locus is sufficient to control the development and fertility of the lateral spikelet of barley. To study the genetic variation of vrs1 in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) and cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare), nucleotide sequences of vrs1 were examined in 84 wild barleys (including 10 six-rowed) and 20 cultivated barleys (including 10 six-rowed) from four populations. The length of the vrs1 sequence amplified was 1536 bp. A total of 40 haplotypes were identified in the four populations. The highest nucleotide diversity, haplotype diversity, and per-site nucleotide diversity were observed in the Southwest Asian wild barley population. The nucleotide diversity, number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity, and per-site nucleotide diversity in two-rowed barley were higher than those in six-rowed barley. The phylogenetic analysis of the vrs1 sequences partially separated the six-rowed and the two-rowed barley. The six-rowed barleys were divided into four groups.

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